procedure for writing laboratory reports electrical electronic princip
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PROCEDURE FOR WRITING LABORATORY REPORTS:
Electrical-Electronic Principles
At this stage in your educational experience you are asked to prepare a technical report similar to the method that will be
expected of you in industry. Therefore you are asked to use the following framework when preparing your laboratory reports:
Type all reports, using a title page with the name of the report, your name, and date of experiment.
This should be a single document that contains the following EET Lab number and your name.
1. All Laboratory Reports must include the following topics:
a.
Objective-Be specific about the theory you will prove. No more than a couple of sentences to describe what you
hope to prove in the experiment. It is NOT ACCEPTABLE to say "I hope to learn how something works" or "I will
study or measure..."
b.
List the equipment and components used in the experiment.
c.
Circuit Operation - Discuss how the circuit is supposed to operate. What is the theory involved? Be specific!
d.
Calculations - Explain what and why equations were used; show sample calculations. Indicate where the results are
recorded, i.e. Table 1. Relate the theory in your text to the actual circuit. All calculations and measured data, step e
below, should be placed in a Data Table. (Use a spreadsheet or word processor table function.)
e. Procedure - in your own words, using English Prose, explain how you conducted the experiment, the procedure that
was followed while wiring the circuit and taking measurements. Be specific. Indicate how results were obtained.
Refer to results that are recorded in Table(s). REMEMBER YOU ARE NOT WRITING A COOKBOOK! THIS
IS A TECHNICAL LABORATORY REPORT! (Do not copy from the lab handout)
f. Draw the schematic - Use MultiSim circuit analysis software. A pictorial wiring diagram can also be included.
g. Observations - discuss what you observed as measurements were conducted. Did the circuit behave as expected? If
you use an oscilloscope to make a measurement it is good practice to make a sketch of the waveform.
h. Graphs - if necessary include a graph to describe the results. Recording your data using a spreadsheet program
facilitates creating graphs.
i. Conclusion - the report is not complete without a conclusion. Relate the results of the experiment to the objective.
Did you prove your objective or not. Why or why not? Did you have any problems carrying out the experiment? The
conclusion is one of the most important parts of the experiment. You are making rational deductions from the data
you collected in the experiment.
2. Please follow the above procedure when preparing your reports. With the majority of our experiments the reports should
be no more than four typed pages plus schematics and tables and equations, unless you find reason to exceed that length.
If you have any questions, please feel free to see me. Remember, these reports are an important part of your grade
(20%)!!! Reports are due one week after completing the experiment. (For late reports, 5 points are deducted per
week.) Grading is based on Content, Explanation of Ideas, Organization, Inclusion of Topics above and timeliness;
refer to the Rubric. Need more help? See the web sites below:
http://www.bu.edu/eng/departments/me/general-resources-students/current-undergraduate-students/lab-report-
format//n ALDE
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ELECTRICAL ELECTRONIC PRINCIPLES: LAB#1 OHM'S LAW
TTU
EQUIPMENT:
1-2200 2 resistor, 15k resistor
2-Digital multimeter (ammeter and voltmeter)
1-Variable DC power supply with voltage display
1-Prototype board
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PROCEDURE:
F12
Note:
In this laboratory you will become better acquainted with the procedures and equipment associated with laboratory
experiments, so do not rush. Do not let one individual in the lab group make all the measurements or wire all
circuits. Each student must become comfortable with the process if you expect to perform your future job function
in a professional manner. Read the instruments carefully. The more accurate a reading, the more accurate the
results obtained. One final word of caution: Safety First!
For obvious safety reasons, even though these experiments use low voltages and currents, do not
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make circuit changes with the circuit energized. (Turn power off!!) If you have any
questions about the procedure, be sure to contact your instructor.
******DO YOUR CALCULATIONS FIRST!!!******
1. Using the circuit in figure 1, using Ohm's Law calculate the values of current, given the fixed
value of resistance, for each voltage given in Table 1. Use the nominal value of the resistors.
2. Measure the value of your resistors. This will give you an indication of how much tolerance to
expect in the circuit. Think about what parameters can vary in this circuit.
3. First, set up the circuit in figure 1. Use the meter on the DC power supply to measure the source
voltage. Use the DMM to measure the current. Use the other DMM to measure the voltage drop
across the resistor. Set the voltage to the appropriate values in Table 1, then measure the current.
Continue to change the voltage and measure the current for each particular voltage value in Table 1.
Note: When you wire the circuit the Ammeter must be in series and the voltmeter must be
parallel with the source voltage. Red banana plug from power supply to resistor; other side of
resistor to + red side of ammeter; - black side of ammeter to ground-black of power supply.
4. Substitute the 15K 2 resistor for the 2.2k and repeat the experiment.
5. Generate 2 graphs, one for measured and one for calculated amounts. Graph the value of
measured current vs. voltage for the values in Table 1 using both the 2.2k and 15k resistor
measurements on one graph. What can you conclude from the slope of the lines?
6. In your laboratory report think about the following: do your measurements match the calculated
values? Why or why not? What contributed to the errors? What does Ohm's Law predict? Did you
make any other observations about the use of equipment? Remember, writing the lab report should
be an exercise to explain, thoroughly what happened and why.
Insert
Pause
Delete
Pa
D F4
4
F5
E: If
F6
SOURCE
VOLTAGE
(E)
2
4
6
8
10
2
VOLTAGE
(E)
4
6
Variable
Voltage
Source
-CALCULATED VALUES-
F8
grawbd
RESISTANCE*
(R)
212K
2,2K
212K
F9
2,2K
211918
-V1
-10 V
CALCULATED VALUES-
15 K
15 к
TABLE 1 (2.2K2) Color Code red, red red
RESISTANCE*
(R)
15 K
15k
15K
F10
RK
CURRENT (1)
3640
4545
CURRENT(I)
F11
909.09
181862 | 4,00
2727,3 6 18
L
8.11
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Key = A
TABLE 2 (15km) Color Code Brown, greeb, Orange
-MEASURED VALUES-
U1
0.000
-MEASURED VALUES-
RESISTOR
VOLTAGE
(VR)
DC 1e-0090
Ammeter
133.3
266167 4106
4000
533.33
66667 10161
10.06
RESISTANCE**
(R) and color code
0.85
kredited red
redredred 1177
red redred 2,84
3.74
red redred
red redre 4,62
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RESISTOR
VOLTAGE
(VR)
2,23
8
10
*Use the nominal value of resistance
** Remove voltage from the circuit and measure the resistors using an ohmmeter
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Power switch on DC Power Supply 2.2k and 15k resistors, separately
J1
yellow
>R1
RESISTANCE**
(R) and color code
2.2k
Insert
Brb, Grb, or6
Br6,676, 06
0146
012 72
6115 Brb ₂616 ₁0th 1409
8010 Brn, 616, oro 01541
Bros Gro jord 0706
0.000
CURRENT
(1)
CURRENT
(1)
U2
DC 10M
Voltmeter
Note: Ammeter must be placed in series with your circuit. This requires that you 'break' the circuit
and insert the ammeter. The Voltmeter can be placed 'across' in parallel with the resistor. Never
place the ammeter 'across' a load; it will be permanently damaged.
tek
I=
I
15K