Question 2 Explain the distinction, operation and application of civil law from that of public law. In your explanation outline various branches of each type of law, and also the different degrees of proof required, and the parties who may be involved in applying such law. [Explain the different types of law, standard of proof and the onus on which parties must prove their case]

Answer 2) In case of public law, judges use the judicial ruling system to decide the fate of the case and in case of civil the judges take the help of ordinance rule for their judgement. As per the provisions of public law, the rulings are made by chief investigator and these rulings or judgement are not biding upon any other parties or third parties. As per Civil law, main facts are determined by the judges as to what are the facts that can be analyzed from the case and then the provisions are applied on the case. In public law, juries are selected by the lawyers for giving their opinions on the case and in civil law, juries are always present and unanimous decisions are not required in civil law for judgement. Branches under civil law are succession, law, Tort law, contract act, employment law, family Act, and corporate law. Braches under public law are administration law, criminal law, constitutional act or law, and taxation law. Parties involved in Civil law branches: Tort law - Defendant and Tortfeasor The tortfeasor has to provide evidence to the court that of any legal damages he has been suffered Employment law – employee and employer of companies Employee has to provide any documents or evidence of non-payment of salaries or any PF Contract act: Promisee and promisor The person who is responsible for revoking the contract is required is not required to show any evidence but the person who suffered from the revocation of contract is required to show the rejection letter or acceptance letter or any contract or agreement before the court. Corporate law: investors/customers/employees/suppliers and the company The complainant has to produce any contract letter or any agreement with company before court Family act: plaintiff and defendant Victim is required to show the cause of injury or any evidence of injury. The complainant who is complaining before the arbitration court that he or she is suffered should show some sufficient proof or evidence that can prove that he or she has been injured or suffered by the other person that is from defendant. Succession law: parties who want the succession of deceased person Both the parties who challenging the succession is required to produce necessary document such as any will by the deceased person to the court Parties involved in public law: Criminal law: victim and the defendant The victim has to prove to the court any evidence of injury that the defendant has done to him. The evidence that will be produced should be sufficient and appropriate and it should not mislead the case. Constitutional law: conflicting parties The complainant party is required to produce any written documents or contract or any property paper etc.

Question 2

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