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Question 3

Insulin is a protein which regulates the body's blood sugar levels by aiding the conversion of glucose to glycogen. Diabetes is a disease resulting from insufficient insulin production by the pancreas and so insulin must be obtained by other means. Recombinant DNA technology enables the production of insulin that is suitable for humans in other organisms such as yeasts. During this process, the human insulin gene is synthesised and introduced into the yeast cell by being attached to a plasmid where the insulin is made. a. Explain why the plasmid in the yeast is regarded as a vector. b. Explain why the following types of enzymes are used in the production of genetically engineered insulin.

i. restriction endonucleases

ii. ligases C. Briefly explain why it is possible to exchange DNA molecules between different species.

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