SCH4U Assignment 8 Name: Lab Activity: Identification of Crystalline Solids Scenario: You are a chemist working in a laboratory where unknown samples are given to you to test and identify. Your first assignment is to identify five unknown samples and state their respective type of crystalline solid. The experimental results are for you to examine and make your final conclusions. Samples: Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Part A- Chemical Analyses In addition to the visual observations you can make from the photos of the samples, the following results are from analyses of the samples: Sample 1: Odour- Odourless Solubility in water- soluble Solubility in hexane- insoluble Electrical conductivity of solid- no conduction Electrical conductivity in molten state- conducts Sample 2: Odour- Odourless Solubility in water- insoluble Solubility in hexane- insoluble Electrical conductivity of solid- conducts electricity Electrical conductivity in molten state- conducts Sample 3: Odour- Odourless Solubility in water- insoluble Solubility in hexane- insoluble Electrical conductivity of solid- no conduction Electrical conductivity in molten state- melting point is too high. No results. Sample 4: Odour- sharp aromatic odour Solubility in water- insoluble Solubility in hexane- soluble Electrical conductivity of solid- no conduction Electrical conductivity in molten state- no conduction Questions 1. Give two qualitative observations for each sample upon closer examination of the respective photos. 2. Sample Four was the only sample that contained an odour. What does this suggest about the ease with which the particles can leave the solid with respect to the strength of the intermolecular forces of attraction between the particles? 3. Which sample has mobile electrons for which to conduct electricity? 4. Sample Four was the only one that was soluble in a nonpolar solvent. What does this suggest about the polarity of the molecule in Sample Four? 5. Sample One was soluble in water and in its molten state conducted electricity, but in its solid state it did not conduct electricity. Electrons only flow in solids to produce current electricity. What types of particles does the experimental evidence point to the makeup of this sample? 6. What evidence is there to support the formation of ionic or molecular liquids of nonpolar crystals? 7. What could you deduce about the strength of the forces of attraction between the particles, in Sample 3, compared to the other samples? 8. Give 3 more physical tests to help you in your analysis of these samples and their subsequent identification. Conclusion Identify each sample as a metallic crystal, ionic crystal, covalent network solid crystal or a molecular crystal. Part B- Chemical Reactions Match each sample to each of the following descriptions of chemical reactions. Sample (i) High pressures and temperatures on organic material over a long period of time. Sample (ii) Reaction between an alkali metal and a halogen. Sample (iii) Synthesis of an organic compound. Sample (iv) Oxidation of sample eliminates the lustrous quality. SCH4U Assignment 7 Name: Hand draw the Lewis structure and VSEPR diagram for the following molecules. Show bond polarity and state the geometric shape and molecular polarity. The first one is done for you. Lewis Structure VSEPR Diagram Shape & Molecular Polarity 1) NH3 5- : ï N H 8 + - Trigonal pyramidal - Polar 2) BeCl2 3) ClO3 -1 4) BrCl3 5) ClO2 -1 H + N H 6) KrCl2 Lewis Structure VSEPR Diagram Shape & Molecular Polarity 7) KrBr4 8) PCl5 9) XeSBr4 10) SF6 SCH4U Assignment 6 Name; Draw the Lewis Structures for each of the following molecules. Be sure to show single/double/triple bonds using proper dashes and also include lone pairs of elections where necessary. H2S SO3 CH2Br2 HCN NH4+1 PO4-3 NO3-1 CO3-2 PBr3 NO2-1 N2 BF3 * SCH4U Assignment 5 Name: 1. Draw the energy-level diagrams for the following: a) Br b) Zn+2 c) Kr 2. Write the electron configuration for the following: a) Ag+1 b) Sr c) V+5 3. Write the shorthand electron configuration for the following: a) Po+2 b) Ni c) Pt+2 Organic Reactions Name: Complete the following reactions using structural formulas, state the type of reaction, and write the name of the compound under each organic molecule: 1. Type: CH3-CH2-CH3 + 12 UV Light 2. Type: OH O = - heat CH3-CH2-CH2 + CH3-CH2-CH-C-OH > H2SO4 CH3 3. Type: CH3 1 CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 1 + HF > CH3 4. Type: 0 = H2SO4 CH3-N-C-CH2-CH3 + H2O 1 I CH3CH-CH3 5. Type: F - CH2-CH2-CH3 + LiOH 6. Type: OH 1 CH3-CH-CH-CH3 - + (0) > CH2-CH3 7. Type: OH 1 H2SO4 CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CI - CH3 8. Type: CH2-CH3 CH3-CH-CH2-CH=CH2 - H2SO4 + H2O 9. Type: 0 heat CH3-CH-C-CH3 - CH2-F + H2 > pressure 10. Type: CH3 - CH=C-CH2-CH-CH-CH3 - 0 + 2 Br2 > SCH4U Name: Alcohols, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, Amides Part A: Draw the structure for the following organic molecules: [16] 1) 2-chloro-2-iodo-3-ethylhexanoic acid 2) N-ethyl-N-methylpentamide 3) 2-ethylbutylbenzoate 4) dipropyl ether 5) 3-isoproply-4-fluorocyclohexanone 6) 2,2-dibromo-4-phenylpentanal 7) 2-isobutyl-1,5-octanediol 8) N,N-difluoro-2-iodobutan-2-amine Part B: Write the proper name for the following organic molecules: [16] 1. 2. 0 Br Be CH -C- CH3 1 CH3 4. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-O-CH3 3. OH CI CH3 1 1 CH-CH-CH-CH3 1 OH OH 0 11 CH-O- CH2-CH-CH3 6. CH3 5. CH3 1 CH3 Br-CH-CH2-C- CH-CH CH3F 0 1 1 11 7. 0 11 HN-C-CH2-CH2-CH3 1 CH2 1 CH3- CH-CH3 8. F CH- CH2-CH-CH3 I -N 1 1 0 5 0 11 CH3-CH-CH-CH-CH2-C-OH CH3- CH-CH3 Hydrocarbon Nomenclature Name: Give the structure for each of the following organic compounds: 1. butane 6. 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene 2. 3-ethyl-2-methyloctane 7. 3,3,4-trimethyl-1-pentene 3. 4-isopropylnonane 8. 3-bromo-1-pentyne 4. 2-iodo-2,4,4-trimethylpentane 9. isopropylbenzene 5. 1,2-dibromocyclohexane 10. 2-phenyloctane Give the IUPAC name for each of the following structures: 1. H3C CH3 CH3 CH3 2. H3C CH3 CH3 CH3 F 3. CH3 4. H2C CH3 Br CH3 H H 6. H3C H3C CH3 7. CH3 8. HC CH3 Br 10. 5. CI H3C CH3 9. H3C Br