The project requires to build a carbon capture and utilisation plant to capture the CO2 produced in the above power plant and convert the captured CO₂ to CO using renewable hydrogen. Calcium looping technology will be used, although a broad review of carbon capture technologies will be included in the report. The project is to produce a concentrated stream of CO₂ (over 95 Vol.%) which will then be used to production CO through hydrogenation. The design must ensure that the health, safety and environmental (HSE) risks are as low as reasonably practical (ALARP) and meet all current and reasonably foreseeable safety and environmental legislation. In addition, the process control scheme should ensure that the plant operates normally under full automatic control, and provide sufficient information for its performance to be monitored and optimised.

1. A military base is contaminated with a plume of dinitrophenyl acetate (DNPA) that has leaked from an underground storage tank. In order to understand the degradation potential, a colleague of yours measured the change in DNPA concentration over time in pH 5.0 and pH 8.5 solutions at 22.5 °C and for a temperature range of 17.7 to 30 °C (only for pH 5.0 solution, shown next to part d). (a) Determine the molecular formula and calculate the molecular weight of DNPA. Show ALL of your work for full credit.

(b) Determine the rate coefficients (kh) of the hydrolysis reaction at 22.5 °C for pH 5.0 and pH 8.5 by graphing the data. What is the reaction order and quantity of the two rate coefficients? Show all graphs and fit equations

(c) The pK of DNPA is 2.5. What is the fraction of DNPA in the protonated and deprotonated forms at pH 3.0?

(d) It has been observed that temperature has an effect on the reaction rate. Using the data below, calculate the Arrhenius activation energy (No; in units of kJ mol ‘) for the hydrolysis of DNPA at pH 5.0. Keep in mind that the Arrhenius equation can be written as Ink —— ——° — + c

(e) Without any information about DNPA, your colleague asks you what other reaction pathways might be possible to degrade ONPA if the contaminated groundwater eventually mixes with a nearby creek. To start the brainstorming process, in words, list some other possibilities of reactions in the environment and explain how these might degrade DNPA.

a) Calculate and report the total emissions of Hg to the atmosphere (from CFLS and industrial processes), and total emissions to soil and water in 2017. You'll need to convert units since Part 1 is in Ibs, and Part 2 is in kilograms. You can use the following conversion: 1 Ib = 0.454 kg. Please report your results in kilograms. b) Compare the quantity of emissions that are introduced into the environment (air, water,soil) between combustion and process emissions, and CFLS. Given that CFLS consume electricity during their use phase, they are also responsible for some of the electricity-derived Hg emissions released through electric power generation. Compare the emissions from using a CFL for one year to the Hg inside the bulb. Calculate for operation emissions of a bulb in the year 2011, assuming that the weighted average Hg emissions for 1 kWh of electricity production was 0.018 mgHg. A CFL with frequent operation will use approximately 100 MJ in a year. 3.6MJ = 1 kWh. Do the same calculation as above using 0.005 mg Hg/kWh, the emissions rate for electricity in 2017. This dramatic reduction was due to coal power plant closures as well as improved Hg emissions controls on coal plants that continued to operate. Compare the lifetime emissions of a bulb installed in 2011 (with a 6-year life) to the Hg released when a CFL breaks. To estimate lifetime electricity emissions for the CFLS, use the average of 2011 and 2017 annual electricity emissions rates.You are just calculating the emissions of Hg (you don't have to differentiate between emissions to air, soil and water).

a)Give examples of human-made methods for the clean-up of oil spills in water. b)Detail and describe the chemical and physical processes that occur to oil when spilled in water.(0 morlke) c)Describe how microbes can be used to aid in the clean-up following an oil slick.

Part A: The result of a 7-day BOD test performed on a sample from an oligotrophic lake was 10 mg/1. The rate constant determined using previous studies was estimated to be 0.10d¹. Determine the ultimate BOD and 5-day BOD of the sample taken from the lake. Part B: Assume that the relevant chemical reaction in part A is as follows: Glucose(C6H12O6) reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water. Estimate how much glucose (mg) was decomposed in the first 5 days in a water sample of 5 liters.

1. Alkalinity. (+6 total) Prior to the industrial revolution, the concentration of bicarbonate and carbonate in the ocean was 110 mg/L and 14.7 mg/L, respectively, and the pH was 8.2. a. Calculate the total alkalinity (in mg/L as CaCO3) of the ocean prior to the industrial revolution. b. Today, the pH of the ocean is 8.1. Assuming that the concentration of bicarbonate and carbonate has stayed relatively constant, has the alkalinity of the ocean increased or decreased since the industrial revolution?

An informal industry rule is to design occupied control rooms to withstand a 1-ton (907.18474 kg) blastof TNT at 100 ft (30.48 m). a) What overpressure does this correspond to? b) What quantity (in kg) of propane (C3H8) does this correspond to given that the energy of explosion for propane is 2043.1 kJ/mol, the molar mass of propane is 0.044 kg/mol and the energy of explosion of TNT is 4686 kJ/kg? c) How far away (in m) from this 1-ton blast must a residential home be in order to receive no more than minor damage to house structures? d) Estimate the length of the resulting flame if the equivalent propane gas is suddenly released(assume 1 s for the time of release) and ignites.ulu) e) Calculate the total rate of release of energy by the flame. (3 Marks)f) How close to the flame a person would need to be to experience skin burns given that skin burns requires an incident flux q of 100 kWm.2 for a 10-second exposure.(

1) Calculate the theoretical oxygen demand (mg/l) of a solution containing 450 mg of glucose(C6H12O6) in 2 liters of distilled water.

Batch reactor with first order reaction. (+4 total) A researcher is attempting to produce ethanol using an enzyme catalyzed batch reactor. The ethanol is produced from corn starch by first-order kinetics with a rate constant of 0.05 hr1. Assuming the concentration of ethanol initially is 1 mg/L,what will be the concentration of ethanol (in mg/L) after 24 hours? Assume the reactor stays at a constant volume and temperature. How long will it take to reach a concentration of 10 mg/L ethanol?(Answer: C = 3.32 mg/L; t=46 hr).

If the BODs of a waste is 220 mg/l and the ultimate BOD is 320 mg/l, what is the rate constant?

a) Using the thermal radiation equation below and your knowledge of solar flux calculate theflux emitted from a star with a temperature of 6200 K to 2.d.p. Assume the star is a perfectblack-body. The Stefan-Boltzmann thermal radiation equation is: P = AɛoTªWhere P= Power (W) ASurface area (m²) epsilon = Emissivity sigma =The Stefan-Boltzmann constant is 5.67 x 10-8 W · m2 . K-4= T = Temperature (K) (i) Explain, in this context, what is represented by the term 4ttr2? (ii) Explain, in this context, what is represented by the term a (iii) Redraw the diagram depicting the Earth's atmosphere as a single layer above theearth and add labels and direction arrows for the resultant fluxes (W/m2) under thoseconditions. (iv) Derive equations representing the temperature of the single atmospheric layer, and the temperature of the ground. State all the assumptions you have made.

a) State the four main principles of engineering ethics. b) State the three main methods used in accidents and loss statistics for measuring the effectiveness of safety programmes. c) The UK Legislative structure is multi-layered. State the difference between Enabling Acts,Regulations or Statutory Instruments, Guidance Notes and Codes of Practice. d) What is a source model? Give two examples of source models. What information can be obtained from source models? e) Explain how liquid flow rate through a hole in a vessel is calculated. What are the main contributions to the overall pressure driving the fluid out of a vessel for an aperture of a given area?