Advanced Cell Biology Topic: Genome Editing Aim: To demonstrate an ability to explain scientific research to a non-specialist audience. This is a key skill for all scientists and helps clarify our thinking about what is most important about a particular piece of work. Most funding applications for research require a lay summary, and this is considered an essential part of public engagement and scientific accountability. Similarly, many jobs in science involve communication of complex data to non-specialist audiences such as the general public, shareholders, or politicians. For a wider context, see also: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-020-00580-w The Task: Write a lay summary of not more than 250 words explaining the research described in the technical abstract below from a controversial scientific paper about genome editing in human embryos. Use the example from class to guide you in structuring the summary. You will be introduced to the scientific concepts described in the abstract in the Genome Editing lectures on the ACB course.

Imagine you started the Tree Building Challenge with columbines starting on Peak 2 (HINT - you can actually do this by resetting the simulation until they start there!). Which of the following steps could be involved in making the tree below (the same one from the workbook)? Select all that apply- they might not be in order, but that's okay. Just pick the ones that you would actually have to do to build the correct tree.THERE MAY BE MORE THAN ONE WAY TO BUILD THIS TREE!!That's okay. Just choose from the steps that would work to make this happen. \Gamma \quad \text { peak } 2->\text { peak } 1 \text { peak 2 -> peak } 3 \square \quad \text { peak 1 -> peak 4 } \text { peak 3 ->peak } 4 peak 3-> peak 1 peak 1-> peak 2

Consider the tree below that was obtained by doing the Growing Tree exercise. Which traits do you expect to differ between the flowers on Peak 4 and those of the common ancestor of all populations? Select all that apply. stripes spur length petal tips spur colour anthers blade colour stigmas petal colour

Given your experience with playing around building trees,evaluate the statement below: The structure of the phylogenetic trees tell us something about the order in which the peaks were colonized.

In the columbine populations, how to new traits arise? by moving seeds to different mountains by mating flowers with one anotherC' by mutation

In the columbine tree, what do branch lengths represent? the branch lengths arbitrary (they do not represent anything)are the branch lengths correspond to the number of mutations that have occurred the branch lengths correspond to time the branch lengths correspond to the number of seeds that established a new population

As time passes, when and where do new traits arise in the columbine populations? randomlyon different peaks, but at regular intervals through time randomly through time, but always when a population appears on apreviously uninhabited peak at the same time as they establish a population on a new peak randomly through time and randomly on different peaks

The tree below is the one that you are looking at (or should be!) for this exercise. Your classmate says that if you rotate around the node that joins Peaks 1 and 4, the flowers on Peak1 will have blue spurs. What would you say about this? "If you do this, then both Peak 1 and Peak 4 columbines will have blue spurs" "Rotating nodes does not change the evolution of the traits on the tree" If I rotated around the node that joins Peaks 1, 3 and 4 There is no way this can change

Your classmate says that when they ran their simulation,anthers were the first trait to mutate (from white to yellow).When you tell your classmate that in your tree the anthers did not mutate after 800 years, they indicate that they think you did something wrong. What would you tell your classmate?Choose the answer that best fits this situation. "You are right. All of the mutations should show up within 800 years." "Hmmm. I guess I did do something wrong. My tree should be the same as yours." "Every simulation is different, and the mutations arise at random. It is completely possible that another colour might not mutate at all."

Consider the tree of columbines below. Given what you see here, which peak had columbines on it first? Peak 1 Peak 2 Peak 3 Peak 4

Imagine that you wanted to build a tree where columbines onPeak 2 were most closely related to only columbines on Peak3. What would you do when building your tree to accomplish this? Make sure your simulation starts on Peak 3 and then immediately move columbines to Peak 2 Move columbines between the two peaks at the last step Make sure your simulation starts on Peak 2 and then immediately move columbines to Peak 3 Move columbines between the two peaks at the first step

TRUE OR FALSE: Rotating branches around nodes is the same thing as cutting them off and then putting them in different places on the tree. True False