Hydraulics

Question 3 (5 points) For the reservoir at the top of the figure: a) Determine the hydrostatic force and location of the center of pressure on the chamfer (diagonal face) at the left end if it is 15 feet wide (the dimension into and out of the screen/page), and determine the wall can safely support the force if its maximum load is 3500 pounds per square foot. b) Determine whether a hollow concrete block of 5' X 6' X 10' with a total weight of 9500 pounds will float in the reservoir and, if so, how much of the block will remain above the water surface. (Consider the likely orientation of the block in the water.)

5.9.2.A pump delivers water at 20°C between a reservoir and a water tank 20 m higher. The suction side contains an entrance strainer (Kstrainer = 2.5), three of 90° bends with R/D = 2 (see pg 57 of Chap 3 slides for minor loss coefficient for bend), and a ductile-iron pipe with 10 m length and 25 cm diameter. The discharge side includes a 160-m-long, ductile-iron pipe, 20 cm in diameter, and a gate valve. The friction factor (f) for the whole pipeline is 0.02,the net positive suction head is given as 7.5 m, and the design discharge is 170 L/sec. Determine the allowable elevation difference between the pump and the reservoir water surface to avoid cavitation. [12]

1- Using the total direct runoff hydrograph given below, derive a unit hydrograph for the1715-ac drainage area. 2- What return period must a highway engineer use in designing a critical underpass drain to accept only a 10 percent chance of occurrence of a storm event in the next 5 years? 3- Calculate the probability of 100-year storm over 30-year period. 4- A 6 h unit hydrograph for a catchment of area 1000 km? can be approximated as a triangle with base of 69 hours. Calculate the peak discharge of this unit hydrograph. 5- A small stream has trapezoidal cross section with base width of 10 m and side slopes 1Horizontal : 1 vertical in a reach of 5000 m. During a flood the high level record at the ends of reach are as below:

Q3. Water flows in a rectangular channel with the width of 18 m, flow rate m3/s, n = 0.011 and the bottom slope of 0.00078 m/m. Find the depth.

2. (30 pts) A rectangular, sharp-crested weir is used to maintain a relatively constant depth in the channel upstream of the weir. Under normal conditions, the flow rate is 30 ft/s. Under flood conditions, the flow rate is 40 ft²/s. The weir coefficient is Cwr = 0.62. (a) (15 pts) How much deeper, in ft, will the water be upstream of the weir during a flood compared to normal conditions? (b) (10 pts) Repeat Part A if the weir were to be replace by a "duck bill" weir as shown. The weir coefficient is the same Cwr = 0.62. (c) (5 pts) Do you expect the change in upstream water depth between normal and flood conditions to be larger or smaller for "duck bill" weir compared to the straight weir? Explain.

4) a) Calculate the flow rate through the below smooth inlet pipe connected to a reservoir-with a 30-degree diffuser expanding to an 8 cm outlet. b) Calculate the flow rate through the same pipe without a diffuser attached (so the exit diameter remains 5 cm) and explain the results. c) Calculate the flow rate through the same system with a sharp-edged expansion from a 5cm diameter pipe into an 8 cm diameter pipe. Is the flow rate higher or lower than in parts

Question 4 A trapezoidal channel, with vertical sides, has the geometry shown in the figure below. The bed slope is 1 in 500. Local engineers need to undertake repair works on the channel. The proposed materials to be used are smooth concrete and brickwork. The engineers wish to ensure that the height of the water in the channel, outside of storm surges, never exceed the depth of the trapezoidal section of the pipe, and the design flow rate for normal operations is 80 m³s-¹. (a) Using the appropriate Manning's coefficient for each material, state, with reasons, which of the two materials is best suited to perform the repair works required. Due to climate change, it is predicted that the required flow rate in the channel during extreme rainfall events will increase to 200 m³s-¹. (b) Check that the existing channel is of sufficient size to cope with the predicted increase in required capacity.

8. (5 points) Please describe combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. What are the differences?

[5 marks](d) With reference to part (b), how would you expect the jump location to change if the Manning coefficient between C and D was higher than the given value of 0.025s/m1/3? Briefly explain your answer.(3 marksl

All problems will be based on the figure seen below, along with supplemental information to be provided in each problem statement. Please show all work neatly on separate paper, including any preparatory work for inputs to be used in software-based calculations, as partial credit may be granted. Inv. 928.5' B. 1800- Elev. 1055.8'- 720' 360' Elev. 980' →→ 24 -Elev. 990' Question 1 (6 points) Assuming the conduit in the figure is a 42" galvanized iron pipe flowing full, and that the outlet is at point B: a) Calculate the head loss in the flow by the time it reaches point B. b) Calculate the velocity and flow at point B, in the pipe considering friction. c) Sketch the EGL and HGL of the conduit.