Hydraulics

Question 2 A circular water tank, 3m in diameter, tapers into a cone as shown in the figure below. It is open to the atmosphere at the top. The tank is used to store water and distribute it to a local town. It is supplied with water through a horizontal pipe 200 m long and 220 mm diameter. A pump feeds the pipe and maintains a constant gauge pressure of 150 kPa at the entry to the pipe. The pipe may be assumed to have a constant friction factor A = 0.02 and losses other than those due to wall friction may be neglected. The tank discharges water to the town through an opening at the base of the cone, that has a diameter of 300 mm and a Cd = 0.68. Assuming the outflow is closed: (a) What is the piezometric head maintained by the pump at the inlet to the pipe? (b) Write an expression for the frictional head loss along the pipe due to a flow rate Q, and hence find an expression for Q when the water level of the tank is a height h above the pipe If the tank is filled to a height of 7 m prior to the outflow being opened: (c) Find the time taken for the water level to reduce to 2 m, assuming the inflow is maintained throughout.

Q1. Determine the flow regime (Laminar, Turbulent or Transitional) in the following triangle channel which the flow velocity is 2.9 ft/s.

7.7. Find the normal depth Yn for the triangular channel shown in So 0.0005 m/m, Q40 m³/s, and n = 0.030.==

8) problem 5.3 ; a potential ground water source supply for a small community was analyzed as follows: CO210mg/L Iron1 mg/l H2S = 0.5 mg/L Calcium40 mg/L Magnesium10 mg/L Alkalinity150 mg/L as CACO3 pH = 7.1

Q3. A 75 ft pipe must transport 2.5 cfs of water from a head tank to a cooling pond. The elevation difference between the tank and the pond is 4.6 ft. Determine the size of the commercial steel pipe that is required. Assume square-edged connections and include a globe valve in the pipe.

Q4. The two tanks A and B are connected using a manometer (Figure 2. If waste oil is poured into tank A to a depth of h = 1.25 m, determine the pressure of the trapped air in tank B. Air is also trapped in line CD as shown. Take poil =900 kg/m3 and pwater1000 kg/m3.

5.5.1 A flow throttling valve is installed just upstream of the pump in the pump-pipeline system of Example 5.3.Determine the discharge and pump head if the head loss due to this valve in feet can be expressed as 0.125 Q² where Q is in cfs (Note: A spreadsheet will be useful infilling out the following table.). Show your sample[15]5.5.1.calculations for one Q value at least.

Q3. Water flows in a rectangular channel with the width of 18 m, flow rate m3/s, n = 0.011 and the bottom slope of 0.00078 m/m. Find the depth.

5.9.2.A pump delivers water at 20°C between a reservoir and a water tank 20 m higher. The suction side contains an entrance strainer (Kstrainer = 2.5), three of 90° bends with R/D = 2 (see pg 57 of Chap 3 slides for minor loss coefficient for bend), and a ductile-iron pipe with 10 m length and 25 cm diameter. The discharge side includes a 160-m-long, ductile-iron pipe, 20 cm in diameter, and a gate valve. The friction factor (f) for the whole pipeline is 0.02,the net positive suction head is given as 7.5 m, and the design discharge is 170 L/sec. Determine the allowable elevation difference between the pump and the reservoir water surface to avoid cavitation. [12]

1- Using the total direct runoff hydrograph given below, derive a unit hydrograph for the1715-ac drainage area. 2- What return period must a highway engineer use in designing a critical underpass drain to accept only a 10 percent chance of occurrence of a storm event in the next 5 years? 3- Calculate the probability of 100-year storm over 30-year period. 4- A 6 h unit hydrograph for a catchment of area 1000 km? can be approximated as a triangle with base of 69 hours. Calculate the peak discharge of this unit hydrograph. 5- A small stream has trapezoidal cross section with base width of 10 m and side slopes 1Horizontal : 1 vertical in a reach of 5000 m. During a flood the high level record at the ends of reach are as below: