Optics

Concave means the lens "bends in' at its center compared to the outer edges of the lens.

1-20. Assume that there is a phone in every home on earth. If these were to transmit simultaneously over one transmission line by using frequency-division multiplexing, what is the minimum band-width required? Could a single optical beam carry this multiplexed signal?(Assume that 10 billion homes need to transmit.).

1. Using a ruler, draw the light rays to deduce the type and placement of the image in the following setup containing a thin lens and aperture. Identify the entrance and exit pupils.Draw and label the chief ray and the marginal rays. What is the image magnification?What is the numerical aperture?

\underset{\substack{\text { curved } \\ \text { interface }}}{O_{1}}=\left[\begin{array}{lllll} 1 & & 0 & \\ ( & & ) & ( & \end{array}\right] 3. convex interface with radius of curvature R

1. a space of distance z. O_{\text{space }}=\left[\begin{array}{cc}1 & () \\ 0 & 1\end{array}\right]

1-6. RG-19/U is used at 100 MHz with an input power of 10 mW. The receiver sensitivity is 1 uW. Compute the maxi-mum length of the communications link.Repeat if a fiber with loss of 5 dB/km replaces the coaxial cable. The fiber system's input power and receiver sensitivity are the same as those of the.coaxial cable system.

1. Derive Eq. (2) using Snell's law. 2. Sunlight reflects off the smooth surface of an unoccupied pool. (a) At what angle of reflection is the light completely polarized? (b) What is the corresponding angle of refraction for the light that is transmitted (refracted) into the water? (c) At night an underwater floodlight is turned on in the pool. Repeat parts (a) and (b) for rays from the floodlight that strike the smooth surface from below. 3. The complete polarization can occur by reflection on the two interfaces: from air to water and from water to air. Can the total internal reflection occur on the two interfaces? Why? 4. Unpolarized light of intensity 3.0 W/m² is incident on two ideal polarizing films whose transmission axes make an angle of 60° (Fig. 8). What is the intensity of light transmitted by the second film?

1-4. A receiver requires an input power of10 nW. If all the system losses add upto 50. dB, then how much power is re-quired from the source?

1-14. There are 100 photons per second incident on a photodetector at wavelength0.8 um. Compute the power incident on the detector.If this detector convert slight to current at a rate of 0.65 mA/mW,- what current is produced?

1. What is the total magnification of a compound light microscope with objective lens magnification of 40' and ocular lens of 10'? How did you arrive at your answer? 2. Why is immersion oil necessary at 1,000 but not with the lower power objective?