Use your own words to define Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVS).

Multiple questions. Consider a fluidized bed fed with 2 atm air at 25 C; particles have density 910 kg/m3, size 0.23 mm, shape factor 0.81 and Emf = 0.4. Cross section of empty bed is 0.4 m2 and contains 250 kg solids. Find Lmf in meters and Ap in Pa. Show work on scratch for each of these. Multiply these together, and closest to: A) 6500 B) 6000 C) 8000 D) 7000 E) 7500

Given 4(x.y)= 7x²y-(2/7) y³x find u(1.5,2) in m/s, closest to: A) 5.305 B) 10.61 C)-5.305 D) 10.61 E) 15.75

Consider the Navier Stokes and continuity: \text { dvidt }+v \cdot V v=f(1 / \rho) \mathrm{V} P+V \vee^{2} v+1-\mathrm{g} \mathrm{V} \cdot \mathrm{v}=0 in CV; u(x)=3; u(x+dx)=4; v(y)=5; v(y+dy)=4 Which is not true? A) dw/dz may allow d/dz and w terms to be cancelled, or it can be w(z)=w(d+dz) B) must have 3-D flow C) left side of = represents convection D) right side of represents driving force and diffusion E) only valid for constant density and viscosity (Newtonian) fluids

In polymer extrusion processes, a viscous polymer of viscosity u is forced to flowsteadily from left to right (distance L) in the annular area between two fixedconcentric cylinders by applying a pressure difference Pout - Pin. The inner cylinderis solid, whereas the outer one is hollow; their radii are R1 and R2, respectively.The problem, which could occur in the extrusion of plastic tubes, is to find thevelocity profile in the annular space and the total volumetric flow rate Q. Note thatcylindrical coordinates are now involved. (a) Giving reasons, simplify the continuity equation at steady state using cylindricalcoordinates \frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t}+\frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial}{\partial r}\left(\rho r v_{r}\right)+\frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta}\left(\rho v_{\theta}\right)+\frac{\partial}{\partial z}\left(\rho v_{z}\right)=0 (b) Giving reasons, simplify the Navier-Stokes equations for the velocity component which is not zero. \rho\left(\frac{\partial v_{r}}{\partial t}+v_{r} \frac{\partial v_{r}}{\partial r}+\frac{v_{\theta}}{r} \frac{\partial v_{r}}{\partial \theta}+v_{z} \frac{\partial v_{r}}{\partial z}-\frac{v_{\theta}^{2}}{r}\right)=-\frac{\partial p}{\partial r}+\mu\left[\frac{\partial}{\partial r}\left(\frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial}{\partial r}\left(r v_{r}\right)\right)+\frac{1}{r^{2}} \frac{\partial^{2} v_{r}}{\partial \theta^{2}}+\frac{\partial^{2} v_{r}}{\partial z^{2}}-\frac{2}{r^{2}} \frac{\partial v_{\theta}}{\partial \theta}\right]+\rho g_{r} \rho\left(\frac{\partial v_{\theta}}{\partial t}+v_{r} \frac{\partial v_{\theta}}{\partial r}+\frac{v_{\theta}}{r} \frac{\partial v_{\theta}}{\partial \theta}+v_{z} \frac{\partial v_{\theta}}{\partial z}+\frac{v_{r} v_{\theta}}{r}\right)=-\frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial p}{\partial \theta}+\mu\left[\frac{\partial}{\partial r}\left(\frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial}{\partial r}\left(r v_{\theta}\right)\right)+\frac{1}{r^{2}} \frac{\partial^{2} v_{\theta}}{\partial \theta^{2}}+\frac{\partial^{2} v_{\theta}}{\partial z^{2}}+\frac{2}{r^{2}} \frac{\partial v_{r}}{\partial \theta}\right]+\rho g_{\theta} \rho\left(\frac{\partial v_{z}}{\partial t}+v_{r} \frac{\partial v_{z}}{\partial r}+\frac{v_{\theta}}{r} \frac{\partial v_{z}}{\partial \theta}+v_{z} \frac{\partial v_{z}}{\partial z}\right)=-\frac{\partial p}{\partial z}+\mu\left[\frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial}{\partial r}\left(r \frac{\partial v_{z}}{\partial r}\right)+\frac{1}{r^{2}} \frac{\partial^{2} v_{z}}{\partial \theta^{2}}+\frac{\partial^{2} v_{z}}{\partial z^{2}}\right]+\rho g_{z} (c) State the two boundary conditions needed to solve the simplified Navier-Stokes equations from (b). (d) Assuming negligible gravity effects, solve the equation derived in (b) subjected to the boundary conditions from (c) to show that the velocity profile of the viscous polymer flowing horizontally along the annulus is given by: u_{\mathrm{z}}=\frac{1}{4 \mu}\left(\frac{P_{O U T}-P_{I N}}{L}\right)\left[r^{2}-R_{1}^{2}+\frac{R_{1}^{2}-R_{2}^{2}}{\ln \left(\frac{R_{1}}{R_{2}}\right)} \ln \left(\frac{R_{1}}{r}\right)\right] (e) Derive an expression for the shear force (i.e., friction F,) arising from the shearing stress between the fluid flow (z-direction) and the external cylinder radial surface wall (r-direction).

Q4Sketch a block diagram which outlines the design process for building a chemical plant. A minimum of 4 blocks and maximum of 10 blocks is needed. (20%)

Problem 1 A part of lubrication system consists of two circular disks between which a lubricant lows radially.