Tables for Desgn mix by DOE Type of Type of coarse Compressive strengths (N/mm) Age (days) cement sara 3 , 28 91 Ordinary Portland (OPC) Uncrushed of sulphate- Crushed 211 22 30 42 49 27 36 49 56 resisting Portland (SRPC) Rapid- hardening Unrushed 29 37 Portland Crushed 34 43 35 61 (RHPC) IN/mm² 1 MN/m 1 MPa (see footnote on earlier page). Approximate compressive strength (N/mm²) of concrete mixes made with a free- water/cement ratio of 0.5. Compressive strength (Nimm 10 0.4 Starting line using data from Table 2 0.6 Relationship between compressive strength and free-water/ cement ratio. Table 2: Approximate Free Water Contents Required to Give Various Levels of Workability According to 1988 British Method Slump (mm) V-B (s) 1. Water content: Maximum size of Type of aggregate aggregate (mm) Very low 0-10 > 12 Low 10-30 6-12 Medium 30-60 3-6 High 60-180 0-3 10 Uncrushed 150 180 205 225 Crushed 180 205 230 250 20 Uncrushed 135 160 180. 195 Crushed 170 190 210 225 40 Uncrushed 115 140 160 175 Crushed 155 175 190 205 2. Reduction in water content when fly ash is used: Percentage of fly ash in cementitious material Reduction in water content, kg/m³ 10 5 5 5 10 20 10 10 10 15 30 15 15 20 20 40 20 20 25 25 50 25 25 30 30 Figure 2: Estimated wet density for fully compacted concrete Fresh Density of Concrete Mix - kg/m³ ib/ya³ 200 250 2800 300 350 400 450 170 2700 2600 2500 2400 2300 2200- 2100L Specific Gravity of Aggregate: 160 29 150 Assumed for Crushed Aggregates Assumed for Uncrushed 128 2-7 Aggregates 26 140 245 2-4 100 120 140 160 180 200, 220 240 260 /a Recommended proportions of sand according to percentage passing a 600 μm sieve. (Crown copyright) 80 70 Proportion of sand (%) 40 40 50 50 60 60 15 Slump: 0-10 mm Vebe time: > 12 s 40 09 80 30 20 100 15 Slump: 10-30 mm Vebe time: 6-12 s 40 60 80 100 15 Slump: 30-60 mm Vebe time: 3-6 s 40 60- 80 100 40 Slump: 60-180 mm Vebe time: 0-3 s 60 80 100 Maximum aggregate size: 10 mm 10 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 Free-water/cement ratio 80 60 70 60 60 Slump: 0-10 mm Vebe time: > 12 s 50 15 40 40 40 Proportion of sand (%) 30 20 20 09 10 10 0.2 0.4 80 20 70 80 100 5 Slump: 10-30 mm Vebe time: 6-12 s 40 60 80 100- 15 Slump: 30-60 mm Vebe time: 3-6 s 40 60 80 100 0.8 15 Slump: 60-180 mm Vebe time: 0-3 s 60 80 100 Maximum aggregate size: 20 mm 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Free-water/cement ratio 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 Proportion of sand (%) 30 40 40 60 60 Slump: 0-10 mm Vebe time: > 12 s in 40 30 60 80 20 20 100 10 Slump: 10-30 mm Vebe time: 6-12 s 40 09 80 100 Slump: 30-60 mm Vebe time: 3-6 s 15 40 60 80 100 Slump: 60-180 mm Vebe time: 0-3 s 40 60 80 100 Maximum aggregate size: 40 mr . 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Free-water/cement ratio/n L7 S 1 2 3 Engineering materials Mix design using Characteristic Strength Concrete Mixes (Designed concrete mix) Systematic way of materials properties and knowledge of how they affect concrete properties to produce as economically as possible as the required concrete with specific strength, workability and volume. • Nominal mix & Standard mix (BS5328). • Department of the environment method (DOE) of mix design- 1988. . • Normal concrete, indirect tensile strength and entrained air are included. Relying on a specified strength, the quantity and quality of aggregate, cement and free water is determined. Aims & Objectives Calculating the required amount of materials to prepare 1 m³ concrete to have: • A slump of 30 to 60 mm, • A characteristic 28-day compressive strength of 25 N/mm² (5% failures permitted), • The standard deviation of the tests is σ= 8 N/mm², • Ordinary Portland cement (42.5 N), • Crushed sand of 2.7 density and 55% passing the 600μm sieve, Crushed coarse aggregate 2.7 density and 20mm are used. 1 L7 S 4 5 6 Mix design using Characteristic Strength Designed concrete mix DoE by determining: 1. Mean strength from characteristic strength and SD: fc,mean = fcu + 1.640 2. Free W/C ratio using Fig 1 & 2, 3. Water content using slump and aggregate size table 2/ Fig 3, 4. Cement content: CC WC/(free W/C ratio) 5. Fresh concrete density by Figure 2/ Fig 4, 6. Aggregate content, 7. Sand and course content using sand proportion Fig 5, Mix design using Characteristic Strength Designed concrete mix DoE by determining: Example Produce batch quantities for 1 m3 of concrete to have: ⚫ A slump of 30 to 60 mm and, ⚫ A characteristic 28-day compressive strength of 25 N/mm² (5% failures permitted), ⚫ The standard deviation of the tests is σ= 8 N/mm², ⚫ Ordinary Portland cement (42.5 N), ⚫ Crushed sand of 2.7 density and 55% passing the 600μm sieve and, ⚫ Crushed coarse aggregate 2.7 density and 20mm are used. 1. Mean strength from characteristic strength and σ fc,mean = fcu + 1.64xσ = ? 25+ 1.64 x8 = 39 N/mm² Mix design using Characteristic Strength Designed concrete mix DoE by determining: Example 2. Free water/cement ratio using Figs 1 and 2: (The lower between the obtained ratio and max for durability) 49 39 + Relationship between compressive strech and free water cement i Fig 2 Type of Type of course 3 91 Ordina Portland (OPC) sulphate Uncrushed Crushed 22 30 49 56 Portland RPO Rapid hardening Unrushed 29 37 34 Portland Crushed M 4 61 (RHPC) I N/mm 1 MN/m 1 MPa (see footnote on earlier page) Approximate compressive strength (N/mm²) of concrete mixes made with a free- water/cement ratio of 0.5. Fig 1 W/C = 0.58 Portsmouth University, 2015 2 L7 S 7 8 Mix design using Characteristic Strength Designed concrete mix DoE by determining: Example 3. Water content using slump and aggregate size table 2 (Kg/m³): Table 2: Approximate Free Water Contents Required to Give Various Levels of Workability According to 1988 British Method Slump (mm) V-B (s) 1. Water content: Maximum size of aggregate (mm Type of aggregate Very low 0-10 10-30 6-12 O High 60-180 0-3 Uncrushed 150 180 225 Crushed 180 205 250 20 Upermbed 135 160 195 rushed 210 Kg/m³ 225 40 Uncrushed Crushed 115 140 160 175 155 175 190 205 2. Reduction in water content when fly ash is used: Percentage of fly ash in cementitious material 5 20 10 30 15 40 20 50 25 Reduction in water content, kg/w 5 10 10 15 20 20 25 25 30 30 Fig 3 (slideshare.net, 2010) Mix design using Characteristic Strength Designed concrete mix DoE by determining: Example 4. Cement content: CC = Water content / (free W/C ratio) CC 210/0.58 = 362 Kg/m³ 5. Fresh concrete density Kg/m³: Relying on water content and relative density of aggregate, fresh density can be determined. Figure 2: Estimated wet density for fully compacted concrete 10/10³ 2800200 250 300 350 2400kg/m³ 2700 170 2600 2500 med for Crushed Agg Fig 4 2300 2200 210 220 240 Water content Mix design using Characteristic Strength Designed concrete mix DoE by determining: Example 6. Aggregate content = Fresh density - (cement content + water content): Aggregate content = 2400 - (362 + 210) = 1828 Kg/m³ Mix design using Characteristic Strength 7. Sand and course content using sand proportion: Recommended proportions of sand according to percentage passing a 600 μm sieve. Crown copyright) 80 Proportion of sand (%) 70 60 Slump: 0-10 mm) 50 15 1555% 40 Maximum aggregate 40 40 40 40 size: 20 mm 60 60 60 60 80 80 80 80 100 100 20 100 100 Mix design using Characteristic Strength 0.8 Fig 3 (Taylor, 2000) 9 36% 10.2 0.4 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 08 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Free-water/cement ratio 0.58 3 L7 S 10 11 Mix design using Characteristic Strength Designed concrete mix DoE by determining: Example oporsions of sand according to percentage passing a 600 um sieve copyrigh Mix design using Characteristic Strength 02 04 06 08 02 14 06 08 12 14 111 02 04 06 08 02 04 06 08 02 04 06 08 Free-water/cement ratio 10 80 Fig 5 02 04 06 08 02 04 06 08 02 04 06 08 02 04 06 0 Free-water/cement ratio Mix design using Characteristic Strength Designed concrete mix DoE by determining: Example 7. Sand and course content using sand proportion: From the table, sand ratio is 36% Sand content = 0.36 x 1828 = 658 Kg/m³ Coarse content = 1828 - 658 = 1170 kg/m³ So for each m³ of concrete we need: 1170 Kg coarse, 658 Kg sand, 210 Kg water (0.58) and 362 Kg cement Maimun aggregate size 40 4/n NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY Module DESN10041 Engineering Materials Coursework brief 2023-24 School of Architecture, Design and the Built Environment Department of Civil Engineering Assessment Brief 2b Document Coursework title Concrete design assignment: Concrete mix design using DoE Concrete BEng, MEng, DAs, BSc Civil Engineering Course(s): Module Code and Name: DESN10041 Sustainable Engineering Materials Assessment Number: Submission Format: Individual design Assessment Type 2b and Weighting: calculations. 10% of the module. A Pdf file to be submitted in Dropbox (in module learning room on NOW) - No Hard Copy Declaration: By submitting this work, either via Dropbox or in person, I confirm that the work submitted is mine alone and not the product of plagiarism, collusion or other academic irregularity. I confirm that this is my final submission and that the work is to the best of my ability. *The published submission date and time is final with zero tolerance on lateness. Work submitted within 5 working days after the submission deadline will receive a grade capped at Low 3rd. Work received later than this will be capped at ZERO. Module Learning Outcomes Being Assessed: Knowledge and understanding • Explain how material selection and properties influences the design of civil engineering projects. • Use industry standard tests to analyse and determine material properties. Skills, qualities and attributes • Clearly present and communicate findings from engineering materials investigations. Weightings for each assessment task: 1. Technical content 2. Overall presentation skills Total 70% 30% 100% NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY Module DESN10041 Engineering Materials Coursework brief 2023-24 JBM Threads Use the following codes to indicate where and to what extent the JBM threads are covered: P: Primary Outcomes (which are assessed and evidenced in outputs) C: Contributory Outcomes (which do not necessarily need to be assessed) Design P ☑ C The assignment is to design the concrete mix. Sustainability P | □ | C | ☑ The concrete mix design is the Department of the Environment (DoE) method. Health and Safety P ☐ C ☑ The concrete should be strong enough to carry the required load. Professionalism and Ethics P | ☐ C ☐ AHEP4 Learning Outcomes Please include reference to the specific criteria Science and Mathematics M1 Engineering analysis Design and innovation The Engineer and Society Engineering Practice M2, M3, M4, M13 Employability ☐ > > ☑ ☑ Team working Communication skills Self-management ☐ ☐ ☑ Creativity and reflection Problem solving Decision making NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY Module DESN10041 Engineering Materials Coursework brief 2023-24 Engineering Materials concrete coursework briefing sheet Introduction As part of the content for module DESN10041 Engineering Materials, and a request made by the client of the project required in DESN10037. The client is considering the environmental effect of concrete used in their project and looking for more greener concrete. You are required to design a concrete mix (similar to the concrete mix you did in one of your collaborative sessions) which is going to be used in the pavement of the car park. The question was about finding out the amount of materials required for 1 m³ of concrete based on the Department of the Environment (DOE) method. For this coursework assignment you are required to find out the exact amount of materials required to obtain 1 m³ of concrete with specific characteristics. Assignment You are approached by a contractor who is preparing a bill of quantities (BOQ) for a high-rise building. The contractor asks you to determine the exact amount of components required to produce batch quantities for 1 m³ of concrete, with a slump of 10 to 30 mm and a characteristic 28-day compressive strength of 30 N/mm² (5% failures permitted): the standard deviation of the tests is σ = 6.1 N/mm². Ordinary Portland cement (42.5 N), crushed sand of 2.6 density and 60% passing the 600μm sieve and uncrushed coarse aggregate 2.6 density and 20mm size are used. You are asked to use Department of the Environment method (DOE). Your submission should comprise of a detailed solution with appropriate graphs. The file name should be your name, student number and concrete mix design assignment. Marking criteria The assignment will be marked on technical content including the solutions and diagrams (70%) and overall presentation (30%). Cover sheet and a contents page are required References Lecture Note 7 supplement- Hardened Concrete (NOW - DESN 10041 - Content Assessment - Briefs) - • Tables for designing concrete mix (NOW - DESN 10041 - Content - Assessment - Briefs) - - Students need to use what they have learnt in collaborative session 4 week 11 and 12 (19 and 20 NTU). A plenty of formative feedback was given during these sessions as well as the recorded session on NOW DESN10041 Content Week 12 - Materials activities. You may use the timetabled contact hours as opportunities to get formative feedback from the lecturers. - NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY Module DESN10041 Engineering Materials Coursework brief 2023-24 GRADING CRITERIA AND DESCRIPTORS Section Technical content (i.e., following the brief, accuracy & quality of content, tables and calculations) 70% Overall presentation 30% Exceptional 1st 1st Excellent knowledge and understanding of the area of study. No mistakes. An exceptional understanding of key facts and design process of the mix design of the concrete selected. Full detailed and explained solution with worked graphs. No mistakes. High/Mid/Low Excellent knowledge and understanding of the area of study. No mistakes. A comprehensive understanding of key facts and design process of the mix design of the concrete selected. Full detailed and explained solution with worked graphs. Presentation of exceptional standard and includes relevant diagrams. Exceptional, accurate, brief, and clear without errors. Well-structured organisation conspicuously exceptionally clear and appropriate with an introduction and conclusion. The technical content is communicated in a very clear and concise manner with excellent introduction and conclusion. All graphs and tables are numbered, titled, and referred to in the solution. 2.1 High/Mid/Low Very good knowledge and understanding of the area of study with lower accuracy. One mistake in any parts except W/C ratio. A very good understanding of key facts and design process of the mix design of the concrete selected with detailed explanation with worked graphs. There are some missing units. Presentation of very good standard and includes relevant diagrams. Well-structured organisation conspicuously clear and appropriate. Accurate, brief and clear without errors without introduction or conclusion. The technical content is communicated in a clear and concise manner with very good introduction and conclusion. All graphs and tables are numbered, titled, and referred to in the solution. Grade 2.2 High/Mid/Low Good knowledge and understanding of the area of study but there are few calculation mistakes or wrong w/c ratio. A reasonable understanding of some of key facts and design process of the mix design of the concrete selected. Short explanation rather than detailed solution with some figures. Presentation of a consistently high standard. The work is clearly and appropriately organised and without irrelevance. Accurate and clear expression without errors. The technical content is communicated in a reasonably clear and concise manner with good introduction and conclusion. Most of the graphs and tables are numbered, titled, and referred to in the solution. 3rd High/ Mid/ Low Knowledge and understanding are sufficient to deal with tables, calculations, and basic facts and concepts but have few calculations mistakes. Adequate understanding of some of key facts and design process of the mix design of the concrete selected and very short explanation rather than detailed solution with missing graphs. Presentation of satisfactory standard with only very minor shortcomings. A satisfactory structure is clear. Satisfactory expression with few errors. The technical content is communicated in a reasonably clear and concise manner, but with some shortcomings and either no introduction or conclusion. Part of the graphs and tables are numbered, titled, and referred to in the solution. Marg Insufficient knowledge and understanding of the area of study with several mistakes in the calculations and three components' figures are not right. Poor understanding of some of key facts and design process of the mix design of the concrete selected and inadequate explanation rather than detailed solution. Presentation that is inconsistent or has shortcomings. Organisation is disjointed and may include repetition. Positive qualities outweigh deficiencies in expression, spelling or grammar. The technical content is communicated in a poor manner with no introduction and conclusion. No titles, number of referring to graphs and tables. Fail Mid/ Low Highly insufficient knowledge or understanding of the area of study with several mistakes in the calculations and all components' figures are not right. Very Poor understanding of the key facts and design process of the mix design of the concrete selected and not explanation. Presentation that is inconsistent or makes work not easy to follow. Organisation disjointed with very limited direction and with intermittent or unconvincing relevance. Significant deficient in expression, spelling or grammar. The technical content is communicated in a very poor manner with no introduction and conclusion. NOTTINGHAM TRENT UNIVERSITY Module DESN10041 Engineering Materials Coursework brief 2023-24