The Bartlett School of Planning UCL BPLN0079 Green Futures 2024 Module coordinator: Professor Jo Williams Module Tutors: Lisa Juangbhanich, Marjan Marjanovic, Rendy Bayu Aditya Credits: 15 credits Level: Level 5 Timetable: Friday Term 2 10-1 Lecture Venue: Bentham House LG11, Torrington Place G12. Seminars Venues: Bentham House LG16 Seminar Room, Bernard Street(40) 414, Bernard Street(40) 203 Aims & Outcomes The module's overall aim is to develop the students' understanding of how to design, plan and implement low carbon and climate adapted cities, drawing on international examples. First it teaches the students to identify key greenhouse gas emitting activities; the potential opportunities for and threats to reducing greenhouse gas emissions in cities. Second it helps students to understand the ways in which cities might adapt to climate change. During the module students will be taught about the role of municipalities in creating low carbon and climate adapted cities and the range of instruments which can be used to enable this. We will also discuss how urban socio-technical systems must alter in order to reduce emissions and enable cities to adapt to climate change. A mixture of reading, lectures and weekly seminars will help to build student knowledge in this area. This knowledge will then be applied to assess the climate mitigation and adaptation strategies for existing cities. By the end of the module, students should have acquired skills in: a) Understanding urban climate mitigation and adaptation measures; b) Identifying key greenhouse gas emitters in cities; c) To be able to critically analyse climate adaption or mitigation strategies; d) To be able to identify alternative urban strategies for climate adaptation and mitigation. Teaching & Learning methods Prof. Jo Williams is the module co-ordinator for this course. The module teaching methods require you complete essential reading, attend lectures, prepare for and engage with seminars. You should also prepare to answer the questions set for each seminar. This will require that you complete research about your allocated city before the seminar session. Each session will last around 60 minutes. You will discuss your responses to the questions set for each seminar - provided in this module outline. Your tutor will provide feedback and guidance where needed. You will also be able to further explore the material through a group discussion. You will be able to use the material produced for these seminars as the basis for your final plan. Lectures, readings and other materials relating to the course have been posted on Moodle. 1 Module outline Week Topic area Lecture Seminar questions 12-1-24 Wk20 Introduction 19-1-24 Wk21 The problem 26-1-24 Competencies Wk22 2-2-24 Wk 23 Instruments 9-2-24 WK24 Introduction & Framing the problem Climate mitigation & adaptation in cities The role for municipalities addressing climate change Instruments for addressing climate change & The role of regulation addressing climate change The role of spatial planning addressing climate change 16-2-24 Reading week Reading week Wk25 23-2-24 Wk26 Socio-technical 1-3-24 Wk27 systems 8-3-24 Wk28 15-3-24 Wk29 22-3-24 Wk30 Strategies Economic and fiscal instruments Co-evolution of socio-technical systems, changing social practices & lifestyles Technology and design Smart cities data and knowledge Writing a climate action plan No seminars Introduction to your case studies What are the key climate emitters in your city? What are the GHG mitigation measures in place? Is there room for improvement? What are the key problems caused by climate change? What adaptation measures are in place? Is there room for improvement? What competencies (regulation, provisioning, capacity building, self-regulation) are used by the municipality to address climate mitigation/ adaptation? What regulatory instruments are used in the city to address climate mitigation/ adaptation? Are these instruments sufficient? Are they being enforced? How might they be improved? Reading week How is spatial and land use planning used to address these climate mitigation and adaptation in your city? Could it be used more effectively? How? What economic or fiscal instruments are used in the city to address climate mitigation/ adaptation? What other economic/fiscal instruments might be helpful? How do the socio-technical systems found in the cities affect the practices and lifestyles of inhabitants? How does this affect GHG emissions and community resilience to climate change? Identify the technologies / infrastructure currently used to address GHG emissions and climate adaptation in your city. What other options might there be? Could you feasibly implement them in your city? What data is collected in your city? Is it used to address problems resulting from climate change or reduce emissions? What educational programmes are in place to encourage public engagement in appropriate practices? What more could be done? 2 Lectures and seminars - week-by-week Week 20: Introduction and Framing the problem We begin by discussing the aims of the course, its content and format. We will then go through how the course is assessed. We will allocate groups and cities. This will be followed by a short lecture which discusses the role of cities as emitters of greenhouse gases. It also highlights the problems facing cities with climate change (e.g. flooding, urban heating, food and water insecurity). It goes on to highlight the policy frameworks impacting on climate issues in cities (e.g. climate action plans) and the networks set-up to tackle this. Week 21: Climate mitigation & adaptation in cities This lecture outlines the distinction between adaptation and mitigation measures. It highlights the key GHG emitters in cities and discusses how this can vary with context. It goes on to describe the key ways in which emissions can be addressed through optimisation (e.g. energy efficient buildings), substitution (public transport, renewable energy), looping (reuse/recycling, energy recovery), adaptation (reducing life cycle emissions), sharing (e.g. car-sharing), localisation and ecological regeneration. This lecture also highlights some of the problems created for cities by climate change (e.g. flooding, drought, urban heating, lack of food and water security, disease). It introduces the idea of urban resilience. It explains the importance of flexibility, adaptability and sufficiency. It outlines how resilience might be built into the way cities are designed; through processes to build capacity in communities and the use of smart data. Seminar 1 - during this first seminar you will discuss the city you have been assigned by your tutor. You will also discuss the seminar format and what you will need to prepare for each seminar. Week 22: The role for municipalities in addressing climate change It is important to understand what can be done at a local level (rather than at a national level) to address climate change. This lecture explores how the competencies of a municipality (regulation, provision, capacity building and procurement) can be used to address climate mitigation and adaptation. It goes on to explore how municipal resources (e.g. land, finance, expertise) maybe used to provide further leverage for these measures. Finally it discusses how this is likely to vary significantly with context. Seminar 2 - during this seminar you will identify the key climate emitters in your city and the mitigation measures in place. You will identify the key problems caused by climate change and the adaptation measures in place. Finally you will discuss where there is room for improvement. Week 23: Instruments for addressing climate change - the role of regulation How do municipalities implement solutions to address climate change at a local level. In this lecture we discuss the range of policy instruments available to municipalities: regulatory, economic & fiscal, organisational, capacity building, information and education. Legislation, codes and planning are regulatory instruments which can be used at a variety of scales (international, national, regional and local) to encourage the implementation of environmental objectives. Regulation can be used to enforce environmental behaviours amongst citizens, governments and industry. Codes can be used to encourage the inclusion of environmental infrastructure and eco-services in new development. Strategic (spatial) planning can be used to modify urban form producing more resource efficient and resilient cities. 3 Seminar 3 - during this seminar you will identify the competencies – regulation, provision, capacity building, self-regulating - and resources (e.g. land, finance) which are available to the city to deliver climate mitigation and adaptation measures. What competencies are currently used by the municipality to address climate mitigation/ adaptation? Is this sufficient or could more be done? Week 24: The role of planning in addressing climate change This lecture discusses the role spatial planning plays in addressing climate change. Planning has a significant role to play in delivering climate mitigation and adaptation measures in cities. It can be used to shape urban form; alter the location of activities; and embed infrastructure which reduces emissions and enables adaptation to climate change. The planning process itself can also build capacity within communities which enables them to address emissions and adapt to climate change. Seminar 4 - during this seminar you will discuss which regulatory instruments are used in the city to address climate mitigation/ adaptation. You will consider whether these instruments sufficient. Whether these instruments are being enforced and how might the regulatory framework be improved. Reading Week Week 25: Week 26: Economic and fiscal instruments for addressing climate change This lecture will discusses the economic and fiscal instruments which can be used by cities to encourage climate mitigation and adaptation. It explains how activity-based, area-based and plan-based taxation can be used to tackle climate change in cities. It also discusses how city carbon trading and personal carbon trading may be used to address the problem. We also will discuss the role of subsidies, public investment and procurement in decarbonising urban systems and addressing climate adaptation. The lecture outlines the pros and cons of adopting these different economic/fiscal instruments. Seminar 5 - during this tutorial you will discuss the role land use and spatial planning play in delivering climate mitigation and adaptation measures. Could these tools be used more effectively? If so how? Week 27: Co-evolution of socio-technical systems, changing social practices & lifestyles This lecture introduces the concept of socio-technical systems of provision. It discusses the interdependency between the urban social and technical systems and how they co-evolve. It highlights the problems created by socio-technical lock-ins and path dependencies. Changing social practices is critical to addressing climate change. According to social practice theory, this is best achieved by altering systems of provision, to enable change in social practices and lifestyles of those living in cities. This lecture explains these concepts – social practices, systems of provision, social practice theory. It also provides practical examples of how systems of provision in cities could be modified to enable social practices and lifestyles, which reduce emissions. For example, increasing public transport capacity; providing cycle routes and increasing green walkways could reduce car-use in cities and associated emissions. Seminar 6 - during this seminar you will identify the economic and fiscal instruments (e.g. taxes, subsidies, investment) currently used by your city to deliver climate mitigation and adaptation measures. Could these instruments be used more effectively? If so how? What additional measures could be taken? 4 Week 28: Technology and design This lecture provides an overview of how technology and design can be used to address greenhouse gas emissions and climate adaptation in cities. It considers systems substitution (e.g. the use of renewable energy systems) and optimisation (e.g. zero carbon developments). It introduces resource looping systems enabling reuse, recycling and energy recovery. It looks at how green-blue infrastructure can reduce emissions and help cities adapt to climate change. It provides an overview of how adaptable infrastructure can also be used to tackle climate mitigation and adaptation. Seminar 7 - during this seminar you will identify the socio-technical systems (energy, transport, waste, food, water, building systems) affecting GHG emissions and climate adaptation in the city. Is there room for improvement? Are these systems locked-in? Is there potential for change? You will also consider how the socio-technical systems found in the cities affect the practices and lifestyles of its inhabitants? How does this affect GHG emissions and community resilience to climate change? What improvements could be made to existing systems of provision to address both? Week 29: Smart cities data and knowledge Knowledge helps decision-makers make smart decisions. In cities decision-makers are public, private bodies and the community. Smart cities offer to provide the data we need to make these decisions. To determine where problems are likely to arise; whether solutions have proved effective; and to understand better how our local environment works. Smart platforms enable the exchange of knowledge which help to build capacity and gain support for their climate mitigation and adaptation measures. However, there are issues surrounding how this data is captured; how accurate it is; who owns it and how it used. Seminar 8- during this seminar you will identify the technologies / infrastructure currently used to address GHG emissions and climate adaptation in your city. What other options might there be? Could you feasibly implement them in your city? Week 30: Creating a climate action plan In this lecture we re-cap on what has been learnt throughout the term. We reflect on strategic options for addressing climate mitigation and adaptation in cities and examine how we decide what options to take. We discuss what is needed for the climate action plan. Seminar 9 - during this seminar you will identify the data that is collected in your city which could be used to address the problems resulting from climate change or reduce emissions. You will also identify the educational programs in place to encourage public engagement in appropriate low carbon and adaptive practices. What more could be done? 5/n Apart from the slides shared and references attached, you can use other references as well Note from student you have the marking criteria aswell so please look at that aswell as the notes under the powerpoints I sent, it is important for the teacher to see some of the notes from the PowerPoint 3000 words MY CITY OF CHOICE: JAKARTA Assessment and Feedback Description of Assessment: Coursework: 100% Climate action plan for a city (100%) - Summative Assessment At the end of the module you should submit a climate action strategy. This should be a maximum of 3000 words (excluding bibliography). For each plan the following should be included: 1. Framing of the problem: what are the key climate mitigation and adaptation problems facing the city; 2. City competencies and resources: discuss the existing city competencies and resources for dealing with these problems, the limitations of these competencies, could others be used to support a transformation; 3. Instruments for change - discuss the instruments for change regulatory, economic & financial, educational/ data - currently used by the city to tackle the problems identified. Highlight the limitations and suggest possible improvements / new solutions; - 4. Transforming the socio-technical system – discuss the current social practices, lifestyles and systems of provision in the city. How do these help or hinder a response to the problems identified? What can be done to address this? What alternatives would you suggest? You should draw on your analysis of the city ( conducted throughout the term) providing an evidence base for both the problems identified and potential solutions you are suggesting, drawing from the academic, grey literature and your seminar discussions. Engagement in weekly seminars (0%) - Formative Assessment: Every week you will be expected to answer the questions set for the seminars: 1) What are the key climate emitters in your city? What are the GHG mitigation measures in place? Is there room for improvement? What are the key problems caused by climate change? What adaptation measures are in place? Is there room for improvement? 2) What competencies (regulation, provisioning, capacity building, self-regulation) are used by the municipality to address climate mitigation/ adaptation? 3)What regulatory instruments are used in the city to address climate mitigation/ adaptation? Are these instruments sufficient? Are they being enforced? How might they be improved? 4)How is spatial and land use planning used to address. these climate mitigation and adaptation in your city? Could it be used more effectively? How? 5) What economic or fiscal instruments are used in the city. to address climate mitigation/ adaptation? What other economic/fiscal instruments might be helpful? 6) How do the socio-technical systems found in the cities affect the practices and lifestyles of inhabitants? How does this affect GHG emissions and community resilience to climate change? 7) Identify the technologies / infrastructure currently used to address GHG emissions and climate adaptation in your city. What other options might there be? Could you feasibly implement them in your city? 8) What data is collected in your city? Is it used to address problems resulting from climate change or reduce emissions? What educational programmes are in place to encourage public engagement in appropriate practices? What more could be done? Your individual climate action plan will be based on the questions above. Key Readings: Williams, J (2012) Zero Carbon Homes: a roadmap, Earthscan: Routledge https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203153529 Infield, E.M.H., Abunnasr, Y. and Ryan, R.L. eds., 2018. Planning for climate change: A reader in green infrastructure and sustainable design for resilient cities. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351201117 Morris, L and Farah, N (2021) Net Zero City: The Ten Year Transformation Plan: How to Overcome the Climate Crisis by 2032. ISBN 979-84653611567 Satterthwaite, D., 2007. Adapting to climate change in urban areas: the possibilities and constraints in low-and middle-income nations ISBN 9781849770361 Beatley, T., 2011. Biophilic Cities: What Are They?. In Biophilic Cities (pp. 45-81). Island Press, Washington, DC. Bulkeley, H., Broto, V.C., Hodson, M. and Marvin, S. eds., 2010. Cities and low carbon transitions (Vol. 35). Routledge. Crichton, D., Nicol, F. and Roaf, S., 2009. Adapting buildings and cities for climate change. Routledge. Dodman, D., Bicknell, J. and Satterthwaite, D. eds., 2012. Adapting cities to climate change: understanding and addressing the development challenges. Routledge. Hickman, R. and Banister, D., 2014. Transport, climate change and the city. Routledge. Hughes, S., Chu, E.K. and Mason, S.G., 2020. Climate Change and Cities. Oxford University Press. Kabisch, N., Korn, H., Stadler, J. and Bonn, A., 2017. Nature-based solutions to climate change adaptation in urban areas: Linkages between science, policy and practice. Springer Nature. Lehmann, S. ed., 2014. Low carbon cities: Transforming urban systems. Routledge. Luque-Ayala, A., Marvin, S. and Bulkeley, H. eds., 2018. Rethinking urban transitions: politics in the low carbon. city. Routledge. Rydin, Y. (2010) Governing for Sustainable Urban Development Earthscan: London. Williams, J (2021) Circular Cities: a revolution in urban sustainability, Earthscan: Routledge