The Purpose of the Counter Argument and Refutation/Rebuttal

• Acknowledge opposing viewpoints and counter them to strengthen your

case

• Placement of the counter argument should be intentional and dependent

on the audience

• Address strongly held or well-known counter arguments early

• Address counter arguments related to your minor claims as they come

• Leave arguments against your conclusions for later

• Concede the merits of the opposition, then refute or rebut that position