Theory X It assumes that the average worker is inherently lazy and requires supervision. People want direction People dislike work People will avoid work Management motivates employees with punishment

It has been very difficult for business organizations to maintain business levels during the COVID period and therefore a number of recommendations for different types of individuals should be maintained in such cases. In any business, there are many different kinds of individuals with different levels of productivity, and each type of people should be treated differently to get the most out of it. In general, theories X, Y, and Z can be beneficial for reaching people with different talents and levels of motivation. According to Theory X, monetary resources are the primary source of employee motivation, with security serving as an important secondary factor. Theory X suggests using either a hard or a soft approach to achieve goals. To reach such individuals, the organization should modify the incentive-based work to improve overall productivity and motivate them to work. A company can also implement a bonus strategy for top employees to keep them working. Theory Y implies that individuals are motivated to work and do not require supervision; therefore, such an employee should be allowed the freedom to work to be more creative and productive for the organization. Theory Z deals with all typical workers who are loyal to the organization and have a favorable relationship with it. The organization should manage these people carefully and these employees should be assigned the most important work because their chances of success are higher. These individuals should be managed in such a way that their association with the organization grows over time as they are real gems to the company. References Murugan, M. S. (2007). Management principles and practices. New Age International.