UNIVERSITY of LIVERPOOL CourseWork Submission Cover Sheet Name Student Number Module Title Module Code Assignment Title Submission Deadline Module Leader Student Signature Date Mark Remote sensing for Seven Sisters cliffs The font size is 11, using Times New Roman font and maximum words are 2000 which is not including the Cover sheet and Reference. 1. Understanding of Monitoring technology 2. Identification of expected cliff behaviour 3. Design of monitoring systems [20 marks/ 100 marks] [15 marks/ 100 marks] [40 marks/ 100 marks] 4. Suggestion of data analysis methods [10 marks/ 100 marks] 5. Expected results 6. References [10 marks/ 100 marks] [5 marks/ 100 marks] References should be included in the contents of manuscript, if you refer those. The references are appropriately written in ‘Reference' section as well./n CIVE 287 - Digital modelling Coursework 1 2023-24 Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering Assignment Description For the report, there are two tasks designed to assess the learning outcomes required in CIVE 287. This report accounts for 40% of the total mark of CIVE 287. The weighting of marks for each individual task is shown in the corresponding task description. Submission Requirements: Each student must submit his/her report in PDF to the CANVAS by the deadline. Your PDF file should be named using the following format: CIVE287_CW1_YourName_Student ID (e.g. CIVE287_CW1_HyungjoonSeo_123456). Your report should be submitted with a cover sheet, which must include your full name and student ID. Penalty for late submission: Remote sensing for Seven Sisters cliffs The Seven Sisters are a series of chalk sea cliffs on the English Channel coast, and are a stretch of the sea-eroded section of the South Downs range of hills, in the county of East Sussex, in south-east England. The Seven Sisters cliffs run between the mouth of the River Cuckmere near Seaford, and the chalk headland of Beachy Head outside of Eastbourne. The dips or swales that separate each of the seven crests from the next are the remnants of dry valleys in the chalk South Downs which are being gradually eroded by the sea (see Figure 1a). The chalk cliffs are kept white due to the constant effect of erosion. It is happening all the time, from tiny flakes to large falls, this is how the chalk cliffs are kept clean and white. The chalk cliffs of the Seven Sisters are crumbling at a rate of 60cm per year on average at Birling Gap this rate of erosion is much quicker. This doesn't mean that there will be an actual 60cm of cliff lost each year, as coastal erosion is a ongoing process and consists of active and passive periods of erosion (see Figure 1b). (a) Seven Sisters cliffs (b) Collapse of cliff Figure 1. Overview of Seven Sisters Measurement of the rate of cliff retreat along the coastline of East Sussex has been attempted in a number of previous studies (Table 1). Most measurements have been obtained by comparing the position of the coastline on maps of different ages by manually tracing the cliff lines from the maps, overlying the lines and then measuring the distance between the lines at a number of points. Only rarely has the area of cliff retreat been measured and a mean retreat rate for different lengths of coastline calculated (e.g. Cleeve & Williams 1983). The only comprehensive survey of the entire Sussex coastline is that of Thorburn (1977). Unfortunately, this study was based on maps covering only the 30 year period 1925-1955, which is likely to introduce significantly larger errors due to positional errors on the maps, than if maps covering a longer time span are used. The method of manually tracing and overlaying introduces errors by itself (tracing errors, pencil width, shape changes of the paper). These errors are further aggravated by the necessity of enlarging or reducing maps to facilitate overlaying of maps of different scales (e.g. change from imperial to metric scales). Table 1. Measurement of the rate of cliff retreat along the coastline of East Sussex Locality Bexhill and Glynde Gap Birling Gap Birling Gap Time period 1925-1955 Average annual loss at cliff top in cm ~10 to -20 1875-1961 91 1875-1961 91 Birling Gap 1955-1962 99 Birling Gap 1950-1962 97 Birling Gap 1973-1975 122 Birling Gap 1925-1955 ~90, maximum ~126* Birling Gap (stretch 70m east and west of the steps) 1873-1976 69 Cuckmere Haven to Birling Gap 1973-1975? 125 East Sussex chalk cliffs n.a. 30-50, maximum 125 Ecclesbourne Glen 1872-1987 15 to 333 Fairlight Cove (Haddock's Cottage) 1873-1986 57 to 774 Hasting to Cliff End 1925-1955 ~50, maximum 186* Peacehaven 1973-1975 45 Peacehaven (Portobello to Maline Avenue South) Peacehaven (Maline Avenue South to Steyning Avenue) Peacehaven (Roderik to Steyning Avenue) 1875-1967? 45.7 1875-1967? 38.1 1873-1976 29 Peacehaven (Steyning Avenue to Southdown Avenue) 1875-1967? 30.5 Peacehaven (Southdown Avenue to Cornwall Avenue) 1875-1967? 60.9 Peacehaven (Cornwall Avenue to Friars Bay) 1875-1967? 38.1 Peacehaven and Telscombe cliffs 1973-1975? 45 Peacehaven to Newhaven 1925-1955 ~30, maximum ~90 Seaford Head 1973-1975 30 Seaford Head to Beachy Head 1872-1962 42 Seaford Head to Beachy Head 1872-1962 42 Beachy Head to Eastbourne 1925-1955 ~20, Maximum ~106* Seaford Head to Cuckmere Haven 1973-1975? 30 Seaford Head to Cuckmere Haven 1925-1955 ~30, maximum ~126* Seven Sisters 1873-1962 50.5 Seven Sisters 1873-1962 51 Seven Sisters 1973-1975 125 Seven Sisters 1925-1955 ~40 You learned remote sensing technologies such as satellite monitoring, drone mapping, laser scanning, thermal infrared topography, and more. The purpose of this coursework is to establish a plan to monitor and manage the collapse of the Seven Sisters cliffs for 20 years through these remote sensing technologies. The main things you need to cover in this coursework are as follows. 1. Understanding of Monitoring technology - Compare satellite monitoring, drone mapping, laser scanning, and thermal infrared topography technologies and discuss the pros and cons. Compare from various perspectives, including sensing accuracy, resolution, accessibility, differences in area that sensors can cover, possibility of continuous monitoring, and ease of acquiring past data, etc. 2. Identification of expected cliff behaviour - Identify possible behaviors of cliffs through literature review (represented by schematic diagrams) - Identify the causes of cliff behavior (e.g. geological factors, environmental factors, etc.). 3. Design of monitoring systems 1) Design a monitoring system for Seven Sisters Cliff. Based on question 1, discuss how satellite monitoring, drone mapping, laser scanning, and thermal infrared topography can be applied to monitoring. 2) Drawing design of the monitoring system: You should design the location of the sensors and the location of the targets, etc. Specific remote sensing will be able to monitor a wide section, and specific remote sensing will be able to accurately monitor a narrow section. Therefore, the monitoring area must be determined according to the characteristics of each sensor. Seaford Golf Club on Rd Alfriston Rd Friston Forest Exceat Westdean A 259 4259 Seaford Head Nature Reserve, Sussex.. Cuckmere Haven A259 Jevington RATTON Eastbourne District General Hospital OLD TOWN Kings D s Dr East Dean E Dean Rd Narren Gildredge Park Towner Eastbourne E Friston 4259 4259 Seven Sisters Google Birling Gap MEADS Hydro Hote Helen Garden HOLYWELL BEACHY HEAD Beachy Head Cliffs Map data ©2024 United Kingdom Terms Privacy Send product feedback 1 km Figure 2. Map of Seven Sisters O◉DO