Your objective for this assignment to perform several access control tasks on Linux machine. This will allow you to gain experience with virtualization, access control mechanisms, and the GNU/Linux environment. Whenever

you are confused about how a command works, simply type "man command" to see the manual page for that program or command. For this lab you need to download Ubuntu Linux on your machine (i.e., Windows or Mac). Note: for Mac users, please follow instructions based on intel, M1 or M2 chip on your machine. You can find online Installation resources. Here are some suggestions for sample YouTube videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=POf5mCs5Ygl No Virtual Machine installation required. You have the option of creating a virtual machine first and install Ubuntu on it, if you wish. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nvdnQX9UKMY alBox - Tutorial for How to Install Beginners The first 8:30 minutes. Right control to get a terminal on your screen to do your exercise. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hYaCCpvjsEY How to install Ubuntu 22.10 LTS in VirtualBox 2023 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=019mv1pe76M How To Install Ubuntu 22.10 On M1 or M2 Mac || RUN NEW Ubuntu On ANY Mac W/ Apple Silicon Using UTM/n 1. Open a terminal and run the uname command with the m flag to verify machine hardware. $ uname m [5 point] 2. Crete a new file and verify its existence and content. [5 point] $ echo "Hello World"> filename $ Is filename $ cat filename 3. Check the permissions of your file using the long list format. Explain what each character in the permission string means. Make sure you understand before moving on to Step 4. [15 point] 4. Use the chmod command to modify the permissions of the files to remove read access outside your user and group. Verify the permission are correct with the command in Step 3. $ chmod filename points] 5. Try to create a new group with the addgroup command. After it fails, try again with sudo. In linux sudo allows you to execute a command with root privilege. Explain the differences in the outcome of the two command. [15 point] 6. Add yourself to the new group you just created. [5 points] $ sudo gpasswd -a username groupname 0-r [5 7. Verify you have been added to the group. Group information is updated on login. $ groups [5 points] 8. Change the group ownership of your file to the new group. Explain what has changed. $ chgrp groupname filename [5 points] 9. Add a new user with the adduser command. Launch a terminal and login to that user and navigate to the first user's home directory, navigate to the file using the cd.. and Is commands to reach the file created in Step 2. Verify you are in correct directory with pwd command. Read twice for better understanding. [10 points] cd .. takes you one step above in the directory. 10. As a second user attempt to read the file you created from Step 2. Explain the outcome. [10 points] After adding the user to the group, navigate to the file using the "cd .." and Is commands to reach the file created in Step 2 11. Add the second user to the group you created from Step 5. [5 points] 12. Repeat Step 10 and explain why the outcome is different. [15 points]