Petrochemical Production Technology

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A high-pressure cell has a volume of 1.0 ft3 and contains a gas of gas gravity GG = 0.65 a t3000 psia and 150 °F. The gas include 2% of H₂S, 3% of N₂ and 4% of CO2. Unknown amount of the gas measured at 14.7 Psia and 60 °F was lost from the cell through a leaky valve, as the pressure and temperature in the cell dropped to 2000 psia and 120 °F. Calculate the gas deviation factor (Z) at the final conditions (2000 Psia at 120 °F)? Calculate the gas compressibility (Cg) at the final conditions. How many SCF of the gas were lost from the tank?


1.Resistivity of the rock fully saturated with brine is denoted by thesymbol 2.Water resistivity is denoted by the symbol 3.The resistivity in the flushed zone is denoted by the symbol 4.The shoulder bed resistivity is denoted by the symbol 5.The diameter of invasion is denoted by the symbol


A reservoir, with a pattern area of 30 acres, is to be water flooded with a five-spot pattern.The reservoir is 15 ft thick and has a porosity of 0.13 and the initial water saturation is0.38 which is considered immobile. Viscosities of oil and water are 2.3 and 1.1 cp respectively. The residual oil saturation is 0.21. FVF’s for oil and water are assumed to be 1.0. Relative permeability data corresponding to the displacement of oil by water are given in the following equations: k_{r o}=\left(1-S_{w D}\right)^{242} k_{n=}=0.78 S_{w D}^{3,8} where: S_{w D}=\frac{\left(S_{w}-S_{b w}\right)}{\left(1-S_{o r}-S_{w}\right)} Assume a pressure drop of 500 psi, K= 0.1 darcy, rw=0.5 ft. 1- Using CGM method and Caudle-Witte approach, predict the performance of the waterflooding. - At water fractional flow of 0.92, calculate the NPV given the following (OP =40$/STB, WIC=1.08 $/STB, WHC = 0.75 $/STB, DF = 0.09) \text { Plot } N_{p}, W_{i}, W p, q_{t}, q_{o}, q_{w}, f_{w}, \bar{S}_{w}, \text { versus time. }


1. The saturation exponent. 2. The resistivity of the rock when Sw = 40%. 3. Estimate the resistivity index when the water saturation equals 20%.


The following formation resistivity factors were measured on a suite of gas taken from a producing formation. Determine the coefficient a and the exponent m of this equation. Do appropriate plot. [You can use excel to draw the data, then use your ruler to estimate a & m values, also learn how to list the values by hand on a Log-Log scale] F=a \phi^{-m}


A) Calculate the velocity of Ethane stream flowing at 100 MMSCFD in a 8 in steel pipe at 492 R and600 psi with a compressibility factor of 0.9. (2.5 marks ) B) Demonstrate if the pipe will be exposed to any corrosion or not. Explain why. ( 1.5marks )


A) Calculate the minimum pipe thickness based on requirements of ASME B31.3, considering proper Corrosion & Mill Tolerance Allowances, while selecting nominal thickness. The pipe should be designed for crude serve at refinery and having the following data :- ( 3.5 marks ) Design Pressure, P= 800psi Design Temperature, T=350 F Nominal Pipe Diameter, 6 in Pipe Schedule ( STD, 5S,10S,XS,XSS ..etc) Mechanical Allowances inc. Corrosion Allowance,=0..23 in Mill Tolerance12.5% Type of pipe= seamless Outside Diameter, 6.5in Allowable Stress, S=15000 psi B) If the above given data is for a crude line transferred from one of the gathering center at Ahmadi to the Refinery, and needed to be utilized to design the pipe. What would be the minimum wall thickness to allow for a stress of 25,000 psi.( use code B31.4) (2 marks) C) Analyze the answers for A & B, compare, and state the reasons behind your selection. (


A 200 mol/h of heavy naphtha is introduced to catalytic reformer to produce reformate. The composition of the feed as well as the constants (a,b) for the equilibrium constants K are given for each component in feed in the following table: Determine the composition of the product at T= 550 °C and pressure 15 bar.


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1. Determine the collapse pressure regime for 11 3/4", grade K-55 and thickness 0.723 inch.(1.5marks) 2. A vertical separator has ID of 36" and handles liquid of 1500 BPD . Following is the oil and gas data feeding the separator (2.5 marks) Gas Density: 4.0 lbm/ft³ MW: 20 lb/mol Gas Molar Volume: 379.5 scf/mole Sp.g of oil =44Ibm/cubic feet K factor= 0.32 ft/sec Calculate the liquid capacity of the separator in (bbl/hour) when retention time is 6 minutes,and liquid volume 22bbl.


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