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Q1:Question Balance the Accounting Equation Determine the effects of Transactions on the Accounting Equation. Instructions: Use the above format. Find all the required data in reference section. Submit solution in Excel. Handwritten solution will not be accepted.See Answer
Q2:Question Create a Production budget for the Gertrude for the month of July, August and September. Assume units as constant- 1000 units. Instructions: Use Excel to create the Production Budget. Show all the calculations using excel functions and formulas. Handwritten solution will not be accepted. Do not use AI.See Answer
Q3:Assignment Total points 100. Submit through D2L in Word/Excel format, single or multiple files. Must show your work, answer all parts of the question, show all relevant graphs, and write necessary explanations to earn full points. Grading depends on three components of your answer- accuracy and completeness of your calculations (numerical results); accuracy of relevant graphs; and accuracy and completeness of necessary explanations/interpretations/conclusions. You must use Excel to solve this numerical problem (project). The following table gives monthly data for four years in million tons of consumption of ice cream in a country. Plot the series and comment on the visible seasonality and trend. Estimate the centered moving averages for this monthly series. Plot CMA and comment. Next, estimate the S,I component which only includes seasonal and irregular movements of the series. Then find the seasonal indexes for the twelve months removing the irregular component. Find the de-seasonalized levels for the series. Plot De-seasonalized Y and comment. Then estimate the trend values for the four sample years and the 12 months of the year 2022 using linear regression. Finally, make the forecast for the 12 months of 2022 using the Ratio-to-Moving Average method to capture the Trend and Seasonal patterns, using Excel. Plot the forecasted values for the 60 periods including 12 months of the year 2022. Plot the errors for in-sample periods and calculate RMSE. Comment on the error plot with respect to the existence of pattern or lack of visible pattern. Month/Year 2018 2019 2020 2021 Jan 110 140 185 220 Feb 120 150 195 230 Mar 130 155 205 245 Apr 140 175 215 265 May 160 200 235 295 Jun 180 230 250 330 Jul 190 252 270 345 Aug 180 232 260 330 Sep 170 225 250 315 Oct 160 215 230 300 Nov 140 195 210 265 Dec 130 180 205 250 (Hint: First, you have to type the data in a single column form in Excel)See Answer
Q4:ASSIGNMENT OUTLINE Assignment title: Financing for tourism Weighting: 100% Faculty responsible: John Ryan Programme: PGD Course name: (P5011) Hospitality Finance & Performace Management Hand out date: January 27 2023 Hand-in date to Faculty: February 15 2023 Assignment Overview: Read the case and .answer the questions at the end. Overall aim: To have a complete understanding challenges and strategies to be successful in the current environment. Organisation and methodology: This is a individual assignment and should be presented through Turnitin in Moodle. Please beware Turnitin will automatically detect plagiarism so please do not copy and paste. Resources available: Open book. All the work carried out during the course is expected to be included in the plan. The theory behind the practical initiatives is to be explained to further enhance the credibility of the plan. Questions: Describe the annual seasonality of VCLA income or room demand. View the Financial Statements. Students can review historical profit and loss (P&L) records to develop or describe the seasonality over the year. 2. Why do VCLA’s revenue spikes not always occur at the same time as maximum room demand? Students should understand the difference in timing between when the hotel collects the assessment and when the city actually deposits it in the VCLA’s account. Room demand is an example of a good indicator of when the hotel collects the income. 3. What is the average historical growth rate of VCLA revenue? Review the Forecast. The average historical growth rate is ?. However, growth since the inception of the operation is not sustainable. What should they do? 4. What would the sales growth rate be in an economic decline or upturn? Review Scenarios. Analyse the four scenarios for growth rate and marketing spending adjustment. 5. What financial and economic assumptions must be considered to develop the forecast? Review room supply may impact VCLA revenue and GDP data. Assessment tasks & weighting: 10% of each section is based on the level of English demonstrated within the report. Common skills: assessed (bold) or developed (italics): MANAGING AND DEVELOPING SELF 1.Manages own role and responsibilities 2. Manages own time in achieving objectives. 3.Undertakes personal and career development 4. Transfers skills gained to new and changing situations and contexts. 5.Uses a range of thought processes WORKING WITH AND RELATING TO OTHERS 6.Treats others’ values, beliefs and opinions with respect 7.Relates to and interacts objectively with individuals and groups 8.Works effectively as a member of a team COMMUNICATING 9.Receives and responds to a variety of information 10.Presents information in a variety of visual forms 11.Communicates in writing 12.Participates in oral and non-verbal communication MANAGING TASKS AND SOLVING PROBLEMS 13.Uses information sources 14. Deals with a combination of routine and non-routine tasks 15.Identifies and solves routine and non-routine problems BECOMING NUMERATE AND USING TECHNOLOGY 16.Applies numerical skills and techniques 17.Uses a range of technological equipment and systems Plagiarism: Plagiarism is the act of presenting another’s ideas or words as one’s own. Cheating includes, but is not limited to, the intentional falsification or fabrication of any academic activity, unauthorized copying of another person’s work, or aiding and abetting any such acts. Particular care must be taken when presenting information that has been obtained from an internet site. Should this information not be correctly referenced, then you are guilty of plagiarism and will be penalised accordingly. With respect to projects/assignments, faculty reserves the right to randomly call upon any student and ask them to defend their work orally. Any assignment/exam which is found to contain plagiarism will automatically be awarded a grade of 0, and an e-mail will be sent to the student or the student’s parents/tutors/sponsors. Depending on the circumstances, additional penalties could be imposed (see LRM Academic Regulations, Section 11). Statement of authorship Following the title page of your assignment there should be a page on which you sign a statement that the work included in the assignment is your own work except where appropriately referenced. The following statement should be used: Statement of authorship I certify that this assignment is my own work and contains no material which has been submitted as part of an assignment in any institute, college or university. Moreover, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the assignment. Signed Name Student number. Abstract This case examines the financial reports for a tourism improvement district and discusses its need to develop a revenue forecast. Assessment revenue is collected by tourism improvement districts and is used to fund destination marketing initiatives. The Ventura County Lodging As- sociation has identified an opportunity to more effectively manage a large cash reserve ac- count and the expected revenue it may collect moving forward. Students are provided with the resources to develop revenue forecast scenarios using tourism district and hotel performance benchmarking data. Case Introduction Video: https://sk.sagepub.com/cases/forecasting-assessment-revenue-ventura-county-lodging-association#i59 After the Great Recession of 2008, the lodging industry and cities in Ventura County, southern California, ex- perienced a loss of economic activity and revenue usually generated through tourist visitation to the area. Ho- tel operators in the cities of Camarillo, Oxnard, and Ventura decided to pool resources to promote awareness of the area and thus increase demand for lodging accommodation. To accomplish this, the Ventura County Lodging Association, or the VCLA, was formed in 2011; the city of Port Hueneme joined in 2015. This four-city area is branded in marketing initiatives and functions as a tourism improvement district through the Ventura County Coast (https://venturacountycoast.com/). Video 1. Introduction to the VCLA The four-city area is in the western coastal part of Ventura County, separated geographically by the Santa Monica Mountains to the east and north. This area has several recreational areas including the Channel Is- lands National Park, beaches, and hiking trails that attract visitors seeking to escape to the outdoors. These cities naturally joined together to promote the region and are adjacent to established tourism districts (Tucker, 2019c) serving the Santa Barbara area to the north and Conejo Valley to the West . Figure 1. VLCA District Map Source: VCLA The VCLA mission is to drive tourism or room night demand through targeted marketing, event development, sales, and public relations (Tucker, 2019b). The advisory board that oversees the association’s activities cur- rently consists of operators of the lodging properties, such as hotel general managers, hotel sales directors, and representatives from city level tourist boards. There are more than 60 lodging properties in the area, which can be classified as hotels, motels, bed and breakfasts, and recreational vehicle (RV) resorts. The as- sociation receives assessment revenue to fund its promotional activities through a 2% assessment collected from the four cities that are part of the VCLA. This assessment is collected proportionally on every room night a guest stays at a lodging accommodation. Once the city has collected the assessment from the lodging prop- erties, the funds are deposited in the VCLA’s bank account. Therefore, the revenue generated by the VCLA is contingent upon hotel demand and the daily rate visitors to the area spend at lodging properties. Since its inception in 2011, the VCLA has been building a cash reserve for emergencies and other short-term needs. As a result of only depositing funds in the account, and never needing to make a withdrawal, the re- serve had grown to over USD 2 million by late 2018. The funds had been held from the start in a simple money market account at a regional bank. At one of the VCLA board meetings, it was decided to investigate options to manage this reserve account more effectively and to address two concerns. The first concern was that the VCLA funds were in a simple ac- count that was not earning optimal interest rates which may be available through other financial institutions or instruments. The second concern involved the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), which insures coverage only up to USD 250,000 per entity. In other words, if the bank failed, the VCLA would be at risk of being unable to recover USD 1.75 million, since the funds were held at one institution. Hence, the VLCA de- sired a prudent short-term asset account management strategy that offered additional insurance protection, competitive rates of return, and alignment with its financial goals. To determine the best financial instruments to invest the USD 2 million already in the account, as well as the revenue it expected to receive in the coming year, an assessment revenue forecast was required. Assessment Districts An assessment district is an entity “formed to finance improvements when no other source of money is avail- able” and is created “by a sponsoring local government agency, such as a city or county” (California Tax Data, 2020). The Ventura County Coast is an assessment district that provides specific benefits to payers by fund- ing marketing and sales promotion efforts for assessed businesses. The district was created in 2011 as the Ventura–Oxnard–Camarillo Tourism Business Improvement District by Ventura City Council Resolution No. 2011-023 (Hoffman, 2015). As a non-profit and assessment district, the VCLA cannot levy taxes itself but is able to partner with city officials to create the tax required to fund its operations. The assessment rate is 2% of gross short-term (stays less than 31 days) room rental revenue. Based on the benefit received, assessments will not be collected on stays of more than 30 consecutive days. The cities are responsible for collecting the assessment on a monthly basis (including any delinquencies, penalties, and interest) from each lodging business located within their jurisdiction. The cities are expected to take all rea- sonable efforts to collect the assessments from each lodging business. Transient Occupancy Tax Taxes are levied by governments on their citizens at various levels, including federal, state, county, city, and district level. The taxes generate revenue that is used to fund a variety of programs and initiatives, including national defense, education, courts, highways, and other infrastructure projects, workforce development, and, as with this case, bolstering a specific industry such as tourism. Taxes can be levied on specific industries or sectors to further support economic development of an area. Within the hospitality industry, one such tax developed to support city tourism and economic development is a transient occupancy tax or TOT (Tucker, 2019a). Added to the city sales tax, a TOT is a tax levied on guests for each night they stay at a hotel. The revenue from the taxes is then distributed to the entities which proposed the tax to be collected. Depending on the organization and accounting capabilities of the city itself, this revenue is provided to the assessment district in one to three months. In the state of California, local tourism board assessments range from 1–4% of the nightly rate, depending on the specific city (Civitas, 2017). It may also take the form of a flat rate per night ranging from USD 1–4.50. In the City of Camarillo, for example, a hotel guest pays taxes of 13%, or an extra USD 13 on a USD 100 per night rate. This rate is composed of 9% in city TOT taxes, 2% assessment to support the Camarillo Hotel and Tourism Association, and 2% to support the VCLA. While a hotel may record a room sale in a given month, it may not provide its tax receipts to the city until a month later, which in turn provides the VCLA with its assess- ment revenue a further two months later. As occupancy rates and the daily rate increase, so too will the city TOT revenue. With stable public and pri- vate funding for tourism marketing efforts, annual occupancy rates should increase significantly as new mar- keting and sales promotion programs are implemented. Greater occupancy will also produce an increase in TOT and assessment revenues from tourist spending. This represents a substantial return to cities and to tourism improvement districts. Effect of Seasonality in Hotel Demand According to Kenton (2019), “Seasonality is a characteristic of a time series in which the data experiences regular and predictable changes that recur every calendar year”. Hartman (1986) referred to this seasonality related to tourism as the reliable and predictable recurrence of tourists. Seasonality for each destination is dif- ferent, but they are commonly impacted by factors such as weather, public holidays, cultural traditions, leisure or business events in the area, family behavior such as summer vacations, as well as their own local attrac- tions (see Figure 2). Although the number of visitors is a measurement for tourism seasonality, the seasonality of hotel demand can be measured in terms of room nights or, as defined by Smith Travel Research (2020), “as the number of rooms sold in a specified time period.” Smith Travel Research (STR) provides its clients with various reports that detail key hotel performance met- rics such as demand. One type of report that can capture this data for multiple cities is a trend report. This report can provide performance data by month for multiple years, which can be analyzed to chart the season- ality of the destination. Reviewing this type of data for the four-city area can illustrate the seasonality during the year, which naturally peaks during the summer months when the area’s beach attractions are most popu- lar. Figure 2. Seasonality Room Demand Chart Source: Authors, based on VCLA data Forecast Development Any business entity that is accountable to stakeholders or shareholders tries to reduce uncertainty. Business- es plan to be prepared and to anticipate any challenge or opportunity to remain as financially stable as pos- sible within the expected accuracy range (Chien, 2014a). Budgeting and forecasting vary based on the inten- tion and frequency of use. Businesses prepare budgets toward the end of their fiscal year cycle to plan for the following year’s strategies. For most companies, once the budget is finalized before the new fiscal year begins, there is no further change. In contrast, a forecast is not set in stone (Chien, 2014a). The process of budget preparation often involves different types of forecasting. After a business’s strategies are prioritized and set for the following fiscal year, the next step is to forecast revenue (Besley & Brigham, 2018). Revenue forecast determines the resources required for the operations needed to meet the strategies, as shown schematically in Figure 3. Hence, a business often uses three years of a historical revenue less expenses (R−E) statement to determine how to adjust past spending trends to support the new strategies (Sowa, 2017). However, the operation budget cannot be fully in place until the capital expenditure budget (CAPEX) is complete and available (Besley & Brigham, 2018). Therefore, businesses often examine neces- sary investment projects to meet their strategies (Chien, 2014b). The CAPEX involves three types of cash flow forecast: (a) initial outflow of the investment; (b) operational cash flow during the length of the project; and (c) terminal cash flow at the end of the investment project period (Besley & Brigham, 2018). Once the CAPEX cash flow is in place, the finance department evaluates whether the investment project meets specific pre-set criteria. Each business defines criteria based on in- dustry specifics. Examples of criteria measurement tools include payback period, net present value, modified internal rate of return, and economic value add (Matias & Hutchinson, 2016). Figure 3. Forecasting Process Source: Modified by the authors from Besley & Brigham (2018) and Chien (2014a). When the management team approves the investment project(s), the finance department determines the ad- ditional funds needed (AFN) while forecasting the balance sheet statement. Once the AFN are in the balance sheet, the amount of the capital cost circles back to the R−E to finalize the new year’s budget (Besley & Brigham, 2018). However, the process continues throughout the fiscal year to re-forecast when the manage- ment team monitors the budget compared to the actual spending. Re-forecast can occur weekly, monthly, or as frequently as needed in the business (Chien, 2014b). Revenue Forecast Application A revenue forecast is needed to determine the expected income for the VCLA accounts. The development of a revenue forecast and the accuracy of the forecast starts with various assumptions. There are several assumptions that VCLA needed for a five-year revenue forecast. Both macroeconomic and microeconomic indicators of future hotel demand should be evaluated. There are three types of assumptions to consider: (a) industry growth rate benchmark; (b) overall U.S. economic indicators; and (c) internal historical sales trend. Industry Growth Rate Benchmark Two hotel performance benchmarks in the hospitality industry are the reports produced by STR and Coldwell Banker Richard Ellis (CBRE). STR produces various hotel performance reports that allow hoteliers to bench- mark their performance relative to competitors on key performance indicators, and to understand how a mar- ket is performing overall. The CBRE report provides information on real estate market conditions. Both STR and CBRE reports provide local data and historical trends to help establish local industry bench- marks. Analyzing these local industry benchmarks helps lodging properties to set their sales goals. Hence, the first key assumption is the local industry growth rate, which can be used in forecasting VCLA revenue. The STR and CBRE reports can provide occupancy and average daily rates, room demand, and room rev- enue for properties that report their data. Room demand and revenue are particularly valuable in illustrating historical trends. The average local industry growth rate trend is determined by averaging monthly changes in demand and revenue using the last five years of data; that is, by taking the five years of monthly changes in demand and averaging them into one number. The result represents the average growth rate for forecasting purposes. Additionally, the average growth rate can be used to determine how the VCLA is performing rela- tive to the local industry and where it will be in the future—and thus how to account for future projects that VCLA will need to implement to meet any further demand. Overall U.S. Economic Indicators Besides industry growth rates, firms need to consider more broadly the current health of the U.S. economy by using the Federal Reserve interest rate, inflation, unemployment, and wages growth figures. These macro- economic indicators are often used in forecasts in the context of understanding how the U.S. economy may affect demand within the cities of the VCLA. Macroeconomic indicators ultimately affect how much revenue the VLCA will generate in the next few years. Historical Sales Trends The last assumption arises from analysis of the historical R−E. The historical R−E illustrates the trend of growth (or loss) in the sales and net profit margin. In a not-for-profit organization, the net profit is added to the assets in the balance sheet. Net profit margin is net income divided by sales. Unlike for-profit organizations, the net income of not-for-profit organizations is recorded in the assets (or reserve) in the balance sheets, rather than as retained earnings. The historical R−E trend informs us about the average monthly operating expenses needed to support the growth of the sales trend. The average monthly operating expenses also determine the need for how much liquid short-term assets need to be set aside in case of emergency. Short-Term Reserve Accounts Management Strategy The short-term reserve accounts management strategy of the VCLA is shown schematically in Figure 4 and is as follows: Operation account is for daily operations such as fixed or variable expenses. Emergency funds account is liquid and provides necessary cash in case of deficiency of the opera- tion account. Short-term reserve account is a short-term reserve that houses an investment time horizon of less than one year. Long-term reserve account is a long-term reserve that houses an investment time horizon greater than one year. Figure 4. Schematic Illustration of the Short-Term Accounts Management Strategy Source: Developed by the authors Each of the accounts houses 3 months’ worth of average monthly operating expenses. The strategy of four separate accounts was included in the request for proposal (RFP) for local financial institutes to bid for the account management. Five of the 16 bidders were selected to present their plans to the VCLA board. Two firms were selected to implement their short-term reserve account management strategy for VCLA. Table 1 illustrates four accounts and the appropriate insurance. The Securities Investor Protection Corpo- ration (SIPC) protects in the event that a brokerage firm fails. SIPC insurance covers deposits up to USD 500,000 per entity and per financial institution. Some financial institutions offer extended SIPC coverage to their customers. Table 1. Type of Accounts, Related Insurance, and Financial Institutes Accounts Insurance Financial institutes Operation FDIC Current regional bank Emergency FDIC New regional bank Short-term FDIC and SPIC New local fee-based wealth management firm Long-term SPIC Competition and Risk Scenarios The neighboring counties of the VCLA area, such as Santa Barbara and Los Angeles, are also competing for tourism and lodging business, as are all other counties in California. This competition was part of the impetus for the VCLA to form originally, because even though the hotels within the association compete with each other, their goal is to increase aggregate demand such that all members benefit. The 2008 Great Recession was integral in spurring the creation of the VCLA. Economies experience cycles, so it is only a matter of time before the next downturn, which could once again severely impact demand for VCLA member business. When another downturn occurs, the VCLA would likely increase its spending on marketing activities with the hope of increasing, or at least maintaining, market demand. To anticipate competition and macroeconomic risk, it is necessary to develop scenarios for sensitivity testing of the forecasts. To execute multiple scenarios, assumptions for demand growth need to be established to reflect changes or the impact on the R−E. The revenue available to the VCLA for direct marketing activities is contingent on the amount received through assessment collections, which governs how large its budget will be for the year. Should demand sig- nificantly fall, the VCLA would need to use its short-term assets to supplement its funding for annual market- ing projects to help increase demand and drive more revenue. By examining the effects of demand swings, such as a 10% increase or decrease, strategies can be formed for how to address such scenarios. The VCLA occupancy rates are between 75% and 80%, so if they drop into the percentage range of low 70s to high 60s, they would likely begin to start withdrawing from their reserves to try to increase demand. If they were to increase demand so occupancy rates were in the 80%+ range they would view this as a very healthy signal and would focus on identifying what marketing strategies helped lead to that success. Since the four short-term assets accounts have been identified, it is necessary to forecast three years of ex- pected revenue so that it can be defined how these are funded. Additionally, baseline, worst, and best-case scenarios are required to reduce uncertainty and determine allocation to the short-term assets accounts. Further Reading Association for Financial Professionals. (2014, June). AFP financial planning and analysis learning system ( 2nd ed.). Association for Financial Professionals. Davidson, W. N. (2017). Financial forecasting and decision making. American Institute of Certified Public Ac- countants. Sacks, A. , & Ryan, A. (2017). Lodging tax burden assessment. Oxford Economics. Samonas, M. (2015). Financial forecasting, analysis, and modelling: A framework for long-term forecasting (Wiley finance series). John Wiley & Sons. Smith Travel Research. (2019). Trend report: Ventura, CA area selected properties. Hendersonville, TN. Visit California. (2019). California travel and tourism: Overview of key drivers and outlook. Tourism Econom- ics. https://industry.visitcalifornia.com/research/report/california-travel-tourism-forecast-state-2019-october References Besley, S. , & Brigham, E. (2018). CFIN (6th ed.). South-Western. California Tax Data. (2020). California property tax information. https://www.californiataxdata.com/pdf/Assess- mentDistrict.pdf Chien, C.-L. (2014a, August 24). Budgeting vs. forecasting: What’s the difference? https://vgi168.com/2014/ 08/28/budgeting-vs-forecasting-whats-the-difference/ Chien, Chia-Li . (2014b, August 24). Meet your business goals with forecasting: Creating a forecasting sys- tem. https://vgi168.com/2014/08/28/meet-your-business-goals-with-forecasting-creating-a-forecasting-sys- tem/ Civitas. (2017). Global tourism improvement district tax assessments. http://www.civitasadvisors.com/global- tid-matrix-10-14-2019/ Hartman, R. (1986). Tourism, seasonality and social change. Leisure Studies, 5(1), 25–33. Hoffman, G. (2015). Ventura County West Tourism Business Improvement District. http://oxnard.grani- cus.com/MetaViewer.php?view_id=46&clip_id=3063&meta_id=150269 Kenton, W. (2019). Seasonality. Investopedia: economics. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/seasonali- ty.asp Matias, D. B. , & Hutchinson, M. (2016, October). AMA’s advanced financial forecasting and modeling. Amer- ican Management Association. Smith Travel Research (2020). Glossary. https://str.com/data-insights/resources/glossary/d Sowa, L. (2017, September). Financial forecasting. American Management Association. Tucker, B. (2019a). 2018/2019 VCC annual report video. Ventura County Coast. https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=fcAF2vtWa-4&feature=youtu.be Tucker, B. (2019b). 2019/2020 marketing plan. Ventura County Coast. https://venturacountycoast.com/ventu- ra-county-coast-tourism-impact-summit-resources/ Tucker, B. (2019c). Marketing plan. Ventura County Coast. https://venturacountycoast.com/wp-content/up- loads/2019/09/VCLA_MarketingPlan_8.5X11_092319_WEB.pdf https://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781529758184See Answer
Q5:M 9115 Advanced Finance and Budgeting Budgets ASSIGNMENT OUTLINE Assignment title: Analysing a company’s performance Weighting: 30% Faculty responsible: John Ryan Programme: Masters Executive Digital Course name: M 9115 Advanced Finance and Budgeting Hand-in date for Turnitin: N/A Assignment Overview: Individual project: Choose a company and using vertical analysis review their efficiencies when compared to another company within the same industry. Using horizontal analysis, explain how the company is progressing year on year over a three year period and compare the two companys performances. Explain the differences between the two companies, highlighting who you feel is doing the better job. Learning outcomes: Implement advanced planning and control techniques in the budgeting process. Manage the budgeting process. Apply cost estimation techniques. Forecast revenues and expenses under uncertainty. Organisation and methodology: This is a written document, carried out individually. Resources available: Open book. Use all the resources necessary to understand how to create and manage a budget. RUBRIC: 10-8.5 8.49-8 7.9-7 6.9-6 5.9-1 I. Choose a company and using vertical analysis review their efficiencies when compared to another company within the same industry. The information, imported from a credible source, i.e. verified accounts from company annual reports or financial websites e.g. marketwach, every number is analysed for both companie and the comparison covers financial efficieny and liquidity reflecting on the differences between the two companies. External reading and reference is required, The information, imported from a credible source, i.e. verified accounts from company annual reports or financial websites e.g. marketwach, most numbers are analysed for both companie and the comparison covers financial efficieny and liquidity reflecting on the differences between the two companies. External reading and reference is required, The information, imported from a credible source, i.e. verified accounts from company annual reports or financial websites e.g. marketwach, a good analysis for the comparison covers financial efficieny and liquidity reflecting on the differences between the two companies. External reading and reference is required, The information, imported from a credible source, i.e. verified accounts from company annual reports or financial websites e.g. marketwach, a comparison is made between the companies reflecting on the differences between the two companies. External reading and reference is required, If the numbers are not credible, the comparison is not complete or not providing adequate detail. II. Using horizontal analysis, explain how the company is progressing year on year over a three year period and compare the two companys performances. Using the same information compare the perfromance for the companies over a three year period to see how they do in comparison to eachother. Use market information to help identify the exact cause of changes in that time, between the two companies. Using the same information compare the perfromance for the companies over a three year period to see how they do in comparison to eachother. Use market information to help identify the possible reasons of changes in that time, between the two companies. Using most of the information compare the perfromance for the companies over a three year period to see how they do in comparison to eachother. Use market information to help identify the possible reasons of changes in that time, between the two companies. Using most of the information compare the perfromance for the companies up to a three year period to see how they do in comparison to eachother. Use market information to help identify the possible reasons of changes in that time, between the two companies. Failure to make adequate comparisons and / or to justify the findings with real market information. III. Using variance analysis to justify the differences between the initial and optimistic budget. Using at least 5 variance analyses, for both companies, explain how you can more clearly elaborate on the findings from point 2, above. Using at least 4 variance analyses, for both companies, explain how you can more clearly elaborate on the findings from point 2, above. Using at least 3 variance analyses, for both companies, explain how you can more clearly elaborate on the findings from point 2, above. Using at least 2 variance analyses, for both companies, explain how you can more clearly elaborate on the findings from point 2, above. Failure to use or adequate explain variances and linking them to the findings of the previous step. 10% of each section is based on the level of English demonstrated within the report. Common skills: assessed (bold) or developed (italics): MANAGING AND DEVELOPING SELF 1.Manages own role and responsibilities 2. Manages own time in achieving objectives. 3.Undertakes personal and career development 4. Transfers skills gained to new and changing situations and contexts. 5.Uses a range of thought processes WORKING WITH AND RELATING TO OTHERS 6.Treats others’ values, beliefs and opinions with respect 7.Relates to and interacts objectively with individuals and groups 8.Works effectively as a member of a team COMMUNICATING 9.Receives and responds to a variety of information 10.Presents information in a variety of visual forms 11.Communicates in writing 12.Participates in oral and non-verbal communication MANAGING TASKS AND SOLVING PROBLEMS 13.Uses information sources 14. Deals with a combination of routine and non-routine tasks 15.Identifies and solves routine and non-routine problems BECOMING NUMERATE AND USING TECHNOLOGY 16.Applies numerical skills and techniques 17.Uses a range of technological equipment and systems Plagiarism: Plagiarism is the act of presenting another’s ideas or words as one’s own. Cheating includes, but is not limited to, the intentional falsification or fabrication of any academic activity, unauthorized copying of another person’s work, or aiding and abetting any such acts. Particular care must be taken when presenting information that has been obtained from an internet site. Should this information not be correctly referenced, then you are guilty of plagiarism and will be penalised accordingly. With respect to projects/assignments, faculty reserves the right to randomly call upon any student and ask them to defend their work orally. Any assignment/exam which is found to contain plagiarism will automatically be awarded a grade of 0, and an e-mail will be sent to the student or the student’s parents/tutors/sponsors. Depending on the circumstances, additional penalties could be imposed (see LRM Academic Regulations, Section 11). Statement of authorship Following the title page of your assignment there should be a page on which you sign a statement that the work included in the assignment is your own work except where appropriately referenced. The following statement should be used: Statement of authorship I certify that this assignment is my own work and contains no material which has been submitted as part of an assignment in any institute, college or university. Moreover, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the assignment. Signed Name Student number. Page 4 of 4See Answer
Q6:Higher National Graded Unit Specification General Information for Centres This Graded Unit has been validated as part of the HNC/HND Mechanical Engineering. Centres are required to develop the assessment instrument in accordance with this validated specification. Centres wishing to use another type of Graded Unit or assessment instrument are required to submit proposals detailing the justification for change for validation. Graded Unit Title: Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 Graded Unit Code: DV12 35 Type of Graded Unit: Project Assessment Instrument: Practical Assignment Credit points and level: 2 HN Credits at SCQF level 8: (16 SCQF credit points at SCQF level 8*) *SCOF credit points are used to allocate credit to qualifications in the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF). Each qualification in the Framework is allocated a number of SCQF credit points at an SCQF level. There are 12 SCQF levels, ranging from National 1 to Doctorates. Purpose: This Graded Unit is designed to provide evidence that the candidate has achieved the following principal aims of the HNC/HND awards in Mechanical Engineering: develop the candidate's ability to apply analysis and synthesis skills to the solution of mechanical engineering problems develop the candidate's learning and transferable skills (including Core Skills) develop the candidate's knowledge and skills in planning, scheduling and project management develop the candidate's investigation skills develop a range of Communication knowledge and skills relevant to the needs of mechanical incorporated engineers develop knowledge, understanding and skills in a range of core principles and technologies by undertaking Units in engineering drawing, quality systems, engineering principles, materials selection , statics and strength of materials, dynamics, thermofluids and pneumatics and hydraulics expand on the range of knowledge, understanding and skills in the core HNC Mechanical Principles and Technology section by undertaking Units in Information Technology Applications Software, Engineering Skills, Plant Systems, Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics, Applied Industrial Plant Maintenance, Strength of Materials Advanced and Mathematics allow for further specialisation within the following subject areas: CNC, CAD, Design for Manufacture, Control Systems, Mathematics, Single Phase AC Circuits, Analogue and Digital Electronics, PLC, Industrial Systems, Process and Equipment Selection, Metal and Plastic Component Manufacture, Robotics, Project Management and HVAC Design and Practice. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 1 General Information for Centres (cont) Recommended Prior Knowledge and Skills: It is recommended that the candidate should have completed or be in the process of completing the following Units relating to the above specific aims prior to undertaking this Graded Unit: · Communication: Practical Skills Information Technology: Applications Software 1 · Business Awareness and Continuing Professional Development Engineering Drawing Quality Management: An Introduction Engineering Principles Mathematics for Engineering 1: Mechanical and Manufacturing Mathematics for Engineering 2 Materials Selection Statics and Strength of Materials Dynamics Thermofluids Pneumatics and Hydraulics Engineering Skills Plant Systems Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Strength of Materials: Advanced Applied Industrial Plant Maintenance The nature of the project activity detailed in this Specification is such that it is likely that centres will wish their candidates to embark on it from the start of the second year of the HND Mechanical Engineering programme. As it is anticipated that centres will deliver the HNC Mechanical Engineering as part of the first year of the HND, it is recommended that candidates have completed all HNC Mechanical Engineering Units before commencing this project. In principle, the project can draw on any Units in the HND Mechanical Engineering Framework although the majority of the Units should be at SCQF level 8. The project can be taken from one Mechanical Engineering area (eg Plant Systems) or it can span more than one technical area. However, its principal purpose is not to integrate technical content (this is covered in Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 1) but rather to combine such knowledge and skills as planning, scheduling, construction, testing, evaluating and reporting. Core Skills: The achievement of this Unit gives automatic certification of the following: Problem Solving at SCQF level 6 Assessment: This Graded Unit will be assessed by the use of a practical assignment (Mechanical Engineering Project). HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 2 . . . . ... General Information for Centres (cont) In developing this specification it was decided that candidates must do a clearly identifiable individual project. However, this does not preclude individual projects being part of a larger group project. Candidates' contribution to a larger group project has the advantage of creating opportunities for the development of the Core Skill, Working with Others. The "fleshed-out" practical assignment should provide the candidate with the opportunity to produce evidence that demonstrates she/he has met the aims of the graded unit that it covers. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 3 Administrative Information Graded Unit Code: DV12 35 Graded Unit Title: Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 Original date of publication: August 2006 Version: 03 (August 2018) History of Changes: Description of change Date Version 02 Amendment to Core Skills statement on Page 2. Document amended to comply with Disability Discrimination Act. 31/08/06 03 Update of Conditions of Assessment 02/08/18 Source: SQA Scottish Qualifications Authority 2006, 2018 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that no profit is derived from reproduction and that, if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged. FURTHER INFORMATION: Call SQA's Customer Contact Centre on 44 (0) 141 500 5030 or 0345 279 1000. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 4 Higher National Graded Unit Specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates Graded Unit Title: Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 Conditions of Assessment The candidate should be given a date for completion of the Mechanical Engineering Project. However, the instructions for the assessment task should be distributed to allow the candidate sufficient time to assimilate the details and carry out the assessment task. During the time between the distribution of the assessment task instructions and the completion date, assessors may answer questions, provide clarification, guidance and reasonable assistance. Reasonable assistance is the term used by SQA to describe the difference between providing candidates with some direction to generate the required evidence for assessment and providing too much support, which would compromise the integrity of the assessment. Reasonable assistance is part of all learning and teaching processes. In relation to the assessment of Higher National Project-based Graded Units, assessors may provide advice, clarification, and guidance during the time between the distribution of the project instructions and the completion date, ie at each stage of the project. At this level, candidates should work independently. It is up to centres to take reasonable steps to ensure that the project is the work of the candidate. For example, centres may wish to informally question candidates at various stages on their knowledge and understanding of the project on which they have embarked. Centres should ensure that where research etc. is carried out in other establishments or under the supervision of others that the candidate does not receive undue assistance. Remediation allows an assessor to clarify candidate responses, either by requiring a written amendment or by oral questioning, where there is a minor shortfall or omission in evidence requirements. In either case, such instances must be formally noted by the assessor, either in writing or by recording, and be made available to the internal and external verifier. In relation to Higher National Project-based Graded Units, candidates must be given the opportunity for remediation at each stage of the project. The evidence for a Higher National Project-based Graded Unit is generated over time and involves three distinct stages, each of which has to be achieved before the next is undertaken. This means that any re-assessment of stages must be undertaken before proceeding to the next stage. The overall grade is derived from the total number of marks across all sections, and should reflect the ability of the candidate to work autonomously and the amount of support required. In relation to Higher National Project-based Graded Units, candidates who have failed any stage of the project and have been unable to provide the necessary evidence through remediation must be given the opportunity for re-assessment of that stage. Any candidate who has failed their graded unit or wishes to upgrade their award must be given a re-assessment opportunity, or in exceptional circumstances, two re-assessment opportunities. In the case of project-based graded units, this must be done using a substantially different project. The final grading given must reflect the quality of the candidate's evidence at the time of the completion of the graded unit. Candidates must be awarded the highest grade achieved - whether through first submission or through any re-assessment, remediation, and/or reasonable assistance provided. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 5 Higher National Graded Unit Specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates (cont) Instructions for designing the assessment task The assessment task is a project. The project undertaken by the candidate must be a complex task which involves: · variables which are complex or unfamiliar relationships which need to be clarified a context which may be familiar or unfamiliar to the candidate The project may consist of one of the following: mechanical hardware only hardware and software * a mechanical design (which may include the use of software) feasibility investigation of a technical issue leading to a report with a clear set of recommendations Examples of such projects include the following: · installation of mechanical equipment (eg compressor, pump etc.) + programming PLC and interfacing PLC to pick and place or other mechanical handling equipment · design of some form of structure (eg. crane, lift etc.) investigation into the procurement and installation of plant for a manufacturing line The assessment task requires the candidate to: · produce a project brief and specification · produce project objectives which define the long term project objectives · draw up an initial project schedule which should be used to inform on-going project planning and development · justify chosen project solution in relation to one or more alternative solutions · develop a verification strategy for the project feed back to project supervisor on a regular basis · access components, software, materials or materials for an investigation implement project solution test product or check investigation data to confirm validity of this data · analyse test results or investigation data · maintain a log book throughout the duration of the project produce a project report which conforms to appropriate reporting standards, includes an evaluation of the project strategy and what the candidate has learnt from undertaking the project present details of the project including a reflective account of the project Outcomes HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 6 Higher National Graded Unit Specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates (cont) Guidance on grading candidates Candidates who meet the minimum Evidence Requirements will have their achievement graded as C - competent, or A - highly competent or B somewhere between A and C. The grade related criteria to be used to judge candidate performance for this Graded Unit is specified in the following table. It should be noted that in the following table the term 'product' could mean one of the following: · mechanical hardware only hardware and software a mechanical design (which may include the use of software) feasibility study of a technical issue leading to a report with a clear set of recommendations Whichever category is chosen, the project must relate to a practical situation demonstrating how mechanical engineering is utilised in the service of society. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 7 Higher National Graded Unit specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates (cont) Grade A Is a seamless, coherent piece of work which: · The project brief includes all relevant information, is clear and concise and has been agreed fully with the customer. Grade C Is a co-ordinated piece of work which: · The project brief includes complex, multi-variable information about the main technical requirements of the project and provides a cost indication and expected timescales. The project specification is well structured, contains relevant, accurate information and any revisions made have been agreed with the customer. · The project specification provides clear details of the following: the title of the project; the objectives of the specification; the project's main technical requirements including multi- variables and an acknowledgement of any references or standards relevant to the specification. · The project objectives accurately and fully reflect the long-term project targets. * The project objectives identify the key long-term project targets and multi- variables. · The initial project schedule (probably in the form of a Gantt chart) contains a comprehensive list of project activities and timings. The information in the initial schedule is used to assess if the project can be completed within timescales. The schedule is monitored on a regular basis to inform on-going project planning and development. · The initial project schedule (probably in the form of a Gantt chart) shows all essential project activities and timings. Evidence that the schedule has been monitored on at least three separate occasions during the life of the project to inform on-going project planning and development should be available. · The candidate develops a substantial knowledge base to support the demands of the project. The candidate develops a sound knowledge base to support the demands of the project. · The selected solution is justified in terms of a thorough evaluation of a range of options. The selected solution is justified in terms of a sound evaluation involving the solution and at least one viable alternative option. · A comprehensive verification strategy is developed to ensure the product is completely tested or the investigation findings are fully validated. · A verification strategy is developed to test the essential parts of the product or to validate the principal investigation findings. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 8 Higher National Graded Unit specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates (cont) Grade A Grade C · The candidate feeds back to her/his supervisor on a regular basis, updating the supervisor on progress made and actions for the next stage of the project · The candidate feeds back to her/his supervisor on at least three occasions providing an indication of progress made · The candidate accesses component and/or software and/ or materials to support an investigation of the correct specification from a range of sources at the most economic price The candidate accesses components and/or software and/ or materials to support an investigation of the correct specification from a range of sources The product is constructed to a high standard and functions correctly or the investigation is carried out in a comprehensive manner The product is constructed to an acceptable standard of quality or the investigation is carried out in a sufficiently detailed manner All tests on the product are conducted in a technically correct way with due account being taken of inaccuracies introduced by the measurement processes or comprehensive checks are made on investigation data to ensure full confidence in the reliability and accuracy data. Tests are carried out in a technically proficient way or sufficient checks are made on the investigation data to ensure reasonable confidence in the reliability and accuracy of the data. The interpretation of test results or investigation data is accurate and the analysis of the results or data is used to identify improvements in product performance or the Outcomes of the investigation. The interpretation of test results or investigation data is correct. The log book is regularly maintained and provides a detailed, informal record of the candidate's thinking as the project develops including reflective comments, The log book contains a complex level of detail about project ideas and progress and there is evidence that entries have been made on at least six occasions during the life of the project, The project report is well-structured, contains only relevant information, has clear and accurate conclusions and recommendations and is in clear and correct English, · The project report meets acceptable standards in terms of structure, use of English and clarity, and has accurate conclusions and recommendations. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 9 Higher National Graded Unit specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates (cont) Grade A · The project report includes a complex and comprehensive evaluation of the project strategy and activities and includes clear evaluation of what the candidate has learnt from undertaking the project and the factors involved. Grade C The project includes an evaluation of the project strategy and activities and includes an evaluation of what the candidate has learnt from undertaking the project. The presentation is well structured, contains only relevant information, is to time and includes the use of appropriate aids. The presentation is acceptably structured, contains largely relevant information and is to time. · The candidate gives clear, concise and technically accurate answers to questions raised during the presentation. The candidate gives technically correct answers to questions raised as part of the presentation. The candidate includes a complex, reflective account of the success, or otherwise, of project activities against project objectives in the presentation. The candidate includes a reflective account of the success, or otherwise, of the project in the presentation. · The candidate undertakes the project with the minimum of supervision. The candidate undertakes the project without unnecessary interventions from the project supervisor to ensure the project remains on track. The candidate identifies clear and full details of the new knowledge and skills she/he has developed as a result of doing the project such as project management skills, investigation/research skills, keeping to deadlines, recognising limitations of knowledge - approaching expert sources. The candidate provides at least three examples of new knowledge and skills she/he has developed as a result of doing the project. · The candidate introduces a significant novel feature into the project. None · The candidate demonstrates a high level of self-motivation throughout the project. · The candidate demonstrates an acceptable level of motivation throughout the project. · The candidate undertakes additional research well beyond that demanded by the project. None HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 10 Higher National Graded Unit specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates (cont) The project will be marked out of 100. Assessors will mark each stage of the project, taking into account the criteria outlined. The marks will then be aggregated to arrive at an overall mark for the project. Assessors will then assign an overall grade to the candidate for this Graded Unit based on the following grade boundaries. A = 70% - 100% B = 60% - 69% C = 50% - 59% Note: the candidate must achieve all of the minimum evidence specified below for each stage of the project in order to achieve the Graded Unit. Important Note: Centres must complete the following Grading Checklist for each Mechanical Engineering Project. Completed checklists will be used as part of the external verification process to ensure the accuracy and consistency of grading between candidates in a centre and across centres Notes on completion of the Grading Checklist are shown on page 18. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 11 Scottish Qualifications Authority Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 (Project) Grading Unit Checklist Centre Name: Centre Number: HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 12 Grading Checklist No. No Grade Grade C 1 Yes Grade C Criteria The project brief includes complex, multi-variable information about the main technical requirements of the project and provides a cost indication and expected timescale. The project specification provides clear details of the following: the title of the project; the objectives of the specification; the project's main technical requirements including multi-variables and an acknowledgement of any references or standards relevant to the specification. Yes Yes Yes The project specification is well structured, contains relevant, accurate information and any revisions have been agreed with the customer. 3 Yes The project objectives identify the key long-term project targets and multi-variables. Yes Grade B Yes Grade A Grade A Criteria The project brief includes all relevant information, is clear and concise and has been agreed fully with the customer. 2 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes The project objectives accurately and fully reflect the long-term project targets. The initial project schedule (probably in the form of a Gantt chart) contains a comprehensive list of project activities and timings. The information in the initial schedule in used to assess if the project can be completed within the timescales. The schedule is monitored on a regular basis to inform on-going project planning and development. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 13 4 Yes The initial project schedule (probably in the form of a Gantt chart) shows all essential project activities and timings. Evidence that the schedule has been monitored on at least three separate occasions during the life of the project to inform on-going project planning and development should be available. Yes Yes Yes Grading Checklist (cont) No. No Grade Grade C Criteria Grade C Grade B Grade A Grade A Criteria 5 Yes The candidate develops a sound knowledge base to support the demands of the project. Yes Yes Yes The candidate develops a substantial knowledge base to support the demands of the project. 6 Yes The selected solution is justified in terms of a sound evaluation involving the solution and at least one viable alternative option. Yes Yes Yes The selected solution is justified in terms of a thorough evaluation of a range of options. 7 Yes A verification strategy is developed to test the essential parts of the product or to validate the principal investigation findings. Yes Yes Yes A comprehensive verification strategy is developed to ensure the product is completely tested or the investigation findings are fully validated. Yes The candidate feeds back to her/his supervisor on a regular basis, updating the supervisor on progress made and actions for the next stage of the project. 9 Yes The candidate accesses components and/or software and/or materials to support an investigation of the correct specification from a range of sources. Yes Yes Yes The candidate accesses component and/or, software and/ or materials to support an investigation of the correct specification from a range of sources at the most economic price. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 14 8 Yes The candidate feeds back to her/his supervisor on at least three occasions providing an indication of progress made. Yes Yes Grading Checklist (cont) No. No Grade Grade C Criteria Grade C Grade B Grade A Grade A Criteria 10 Yes The product is constructed to an acceptable standard of quality or the investigation is carried out in a sufficiently detailed manner. Yes Yes Yes The product is constructed to a high standard and functions correctly or the investigation is carried out in a comprehensive manner. 11 Yes Tests are carried out in a technically proficient way or sufficient checks are made on the investigation data to ensure reasonable confidence in the reliability and accuracy of the data. Yes Yes Yes All tests on the product are conducted in a technically correct way with due account being taken of inaccuracies introduced by the measurement processes or comprehensive checks are made on investigation data to ensure full confidence in the reliability and accuracy data. 12 Yes The interpretation of test results or investigation data is correct. Yes Yes Yes The interpretation of test results or investigation data is accurate and the analysis of the results or data is used to identify improvements in product performance or the Outcomes of the investigation. 13 Yes The logbook contains a complex level of detail about project ideas and progress and there is evidence that entries have been made on at least six occasions during the life of the project. Yes Yes Yes The logbook is regularly maintained and provides a detailed, informal record of the candidate's thinking as the project develops including reflective comments. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 15 Grading Checklist (cont) No. No Grade Grade C Criteria Grade C Grade B Grade A Grade A Criteria 14 Yes The project report meets acceptable standards in terms of structure, use of English and clarity, and has accurate conclusions and recommendations. Double Weight Yes Yes Yes The project report is well structured, contains only relevant information, has clear and accurate conclusions and recommendations and is in clear and concise English. Double Weight The project report includes a complex and comprehensive evaluation of the project strategy and activities and includes a clear evaluation of what the candidate has learnt from undertaking the project and the factors involved. 16 Yes The presentation is acceptably structured, contains largely relevant information and is to time. Yes Yes Yes 15 Yes The project includes an evaluation of the project strategy and activities and includes an evaluation of what the candidate has learned from undertaking the project. Yes Yes Yes The presentation is well structured, contains only relevant information, is to time and includes the use of appropriate aids. Double Weight The candidate gives clear, concise and technically accurate answers to questions raised during the presentation. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 16 Double Weight 17 Yes The candidate gives technically correct answers to questions raised as part of the presentation. Yes Yes Yes Grading Checklist (cont) No. No Grade Grade C Criteria Grade C Grade B Grade A Grade A Criteria 18 Yes The candidate includes a reflective account of the success, or otherwise, of the project in the presentation. Yes Yes Yes The candidate includes a complex, reflective account of the success, or otherwise, of project activities against project objectives in the presentation. 19 Yes The candidate undertakes the project without unnecessary interventions from the project supervisor to ensure the project remains on track. Yes Yes Yes The candidate undertakes the project with the minimum of supervision. 20 Yes The candidate provides at least three examples of new knowledge and skills she/he has developed as a result of completing the project. Yes Yes Yes The candidate identifies clear and full details of the new knowledge and skills she/he has developed as a result of doing the project such as project management skills, investigation/research skills, keeping to deadlines, recognising limitations of knowledge - approaching expert sources. 21 Yes None Yes Yes Yes The candidate introduces a significant novel feature into the project. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 17 Grading Checklist (cont) No. 22 No Grade Grade C Criteria Grade C Grade B Grade A Grade A Criteria Yes The candidate demonstrates an acceptable level of motivation throughout the project. Yes Yes Yes The candidate demonstrates a high-level of self-motivation throughout the project. 23 Yes None Yes Yes Yes The candidate undertakes additional research well beyond that demanded by the project. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 18 Guidance on the Completion of the Grading Checklist Centre staff are asked to read the following guidance notes before completing the Grading Checklist. The checklist had been designed to help assessor(s) decide what Grade should be awarded to a candidate completing the Mechanical Engineering Project. It will also be used by external moderators as part of the external verification of project work. A Grading Checklist form should be completed for each candidate who has been entered for the Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 (Mechanical Engineering Project) In completing the checklist, assessors should take note of the following points. 1 For each item shown in the checklist, the Yes should be circled which most closely reflects the candidate's performance. It can be seen from the checklist that grade criteria for Grade C and Grade A passes have been included in the checklist and items 14 and 16 are double weighted. 2 A Grade B should be awarded where a candidate's performance lies approximately mid-way between a Grade C and a Grade A (ie better than a Grade C (Competent) but not good enough to be a Grade A (Highly Competent). 3 No grade should be awarded where a candidate's performance is not good enough to satisfy a Grade C Pass (ie a competent level of performance). 4 Once centre assessor(s) have completed the 23 items, they should then apply their own professional judgement to decide what Grade to award the candidate. 5 In arriving at the grade, due account should be taken of the distribution circles around 'Yes'. For example, if 19 out of the 24 items have been circled 'Yes' under the Grade B column and the other 5 have been circled under the Grade C column, then it is likely that the assessor(s) will award the candidate a Grade B. Professional judgement is much more involved where, for example, if 'Yes' is circled 12 times under the Grade A column and 12 times under the Grade B column. The assessor's first-hand knowledge of the candidate's performance will influence whether the candidate is awarded Grade A or Grade B. External moderators are unlikely to overturn the grading awarded by the Centre assessor(s) unless they are not happy that grading judgements have been awarded in a fair, consistent and rigorous manner. Centres may provide additional comments and/or evidence in support of their grading decisions. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 19 Higher National Graded Unit specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates (cont) Evidence Requirements The project consists of three stages: planning; developing; and evaluating. The following table specifies the minimum evidence required to pass each stage. Note: The candidate must achieve all of the minimum evidence specified below for each stage of the project in order to pass the Graded Unit. Project Stage Minimum Evidence Requirements Stage 1 - Planning · A project brief identifying customer requirements A project specification that the customer has agreed · A set of project objectives A project schedule Information about the different solutions Justification of the chosen solution Verification strategy Maintenance of a log book Complies with Health and Safety procedures The candidate must achieve all of the minimum evidence specified above in order to pass the Planning stage. Stage 2 - Developing Practical output from the project (design, analysis, installation, investigation etc.) . Records of progress underpinning the project such as: Log book — — Progress reports — Test results or investigation findings as part of the verification strategy Complies with Health and Safety procedures The candidate must achieve all of the minimum evidence specified above in order to pass the Developing stage. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 20 Higher National Graded Unit specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates (cont) Project Stage Minimum Evidence Requirements Stage 3 - Evaluating Review of project specification as the project progresses · Review of project schedule as the project progresses · Analysis used to decide project option Progress reporting and goal setting as part of project implementation Actions taken to overcome unforeseen circumstances Interpretation of test results or investigation findings · Action taken as a result of test results or investigation findings interpretation An assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the practical output of the project An evaluation of the extent to which the project brief and objectives have been overtaken · Reflective part of presentation Indication of any knowledge and skills which have been gained by the candidate Complies with Health and Safety procedures The candidate must achieve all of the minimum evidence specified above in order to pass the Evaluating stage. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 21 Higher National Graded Unit specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates (cont) Equality and inclusion This graded unit specification has been designed to ensure that there are no unnecessary barriers to learning or assessment. The individual needs of learners should be taken into account when planning learning experiences, selecting assessment methods or considering alternative evidence. Further advice can be found on our website www.sqa.org.uk/assessmentarrangements. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 22See Answer
Q7:M 9115 Advanced Finance and Budgeting Budgets ASSIGNMENT OUTLINE Assignment title: Budgets Weighting: 20% Faculty responsible: John Ryan Programme: Masters Executive Digital Course name: M 9115 Advanced Finance and Budgeting Hand-in date for Turnitin: N/A Assignment Overview: Individual project: You will use the budgeting example given in the assessment area. Using that budget as an EXAMPLE ONLY, you will need to adjust your figures, revenue streams and costs to reflect the business you described in your entrepreneurship course. You will then explain your assumptions while highlighting our understanding of the concepts used in budgeting and variances. Questions: Give a brief synopsis of your business plan and use the budget template to project future performance, explaining why you feel the company will achieve that performance. Create an optimistic projection and use variance analysis to explain how those changes may arise. Learning outcomes: Implement advanced planning and control techniques in the budgeting process. Manage the budgeting process. Apply cost estimation techniques. Forecast revenues and expenses under uncertainty. Organisation and methodology: This is a written document, carried out individually. Resources available: Open book. Use all the resources necessary to understand how to create and manage a budget. RUBRIC: 10-8.5 8.49-8 7.9-7 6.9-6 5.9-1 1. Creation of the budget Clearly and explicitly defines the revenues and costs both individually and as part of the business plan, demonstrating a logical and reasonable approach to projections. Every number should be explained referring to the market expectations you analyzed in your entrepreneurship course. Clearly and explicitly defines the revenues and costs both individually and as part of the business plan, demonstrating a logical and reasonable approach to projections. The concept is adequately explained, referring to the market expectations you analyzed in your entrepreneurship course. Defines the revenues and costs as part of the business plan, demonstrating a logical and reasonable approach to projections. The numbers should be adequately explained to the market expectations you analyzed in your entrepreneurship course. The revenues and costs are adequately explained as part of the business plan, demonstrating a reasonable approach to projections. The market is adequately explained. The numbers are not adequately or reasonably explained as part of a reasonable business performance consistent to the market as explained in the business synopsis. 2. Explanation of the growth or fall in performance between years 1 and 2 Projecting the increase and or decrease in all incomes and costs using metrics based on the market, justified using sources, referenced. Reasonable and logical adjustments to every number in the budget using knowledge of the market from research, fully referenced. A very general explanation to changes in all of the numbers with limited outside referencing or reasonable market understanding. All numbers adjusted in a general way with adequate and reasonable explanation to justify the adjustments. Only some numbers changed and any changes are not adequately explained. 3. Using variance analysis to justify the differences between the initial and optimistic budget. Well-structured, detailed and thorough analysis and projections are explained as a further step from year to year projections. All assumptions should be explained in terms of changes in variances as opposed to solely numerical explanations. Well-structured, analysis and projections are explained as a further step from year to year projections. All assumptions should be explained in terms of changes in variances as opposed to solely numerical explanations. Adequate and reasonable analysis and projections are explained as a further step from year to year projections. All assumptions should be explained in terms of changes in variances as opposed to solely numerical explanations. All projections are explained as a further step from year to year projections. All assumptions should be explained in terms of changes in variances as opposed to solely numerical explanations. The numbers are not represented as variance and / or the changes are adequately explained. 10% of each section is based on the level of English demonstrated within the report. Common skills: assessed (bold) or developed (italics): MANAGING AND DEVELOPING SELF 1.Manages own role and responsibilities 2. Manages own time in achieving objectives. 3.Undertakes personal and career development 4. Transfers skills gained to new and changing situations and contexts. 5.Uses a range of thought processes WORKING WITH AND RELATING TO OTHERS 6.Treats others’ values, beliefs and opinions with respect 7.Relates to and interacts objectively with individuals and groups 8.Works effectively as a member of a team COMMUNICATING 9.Receives and responds to a variety of information 10.Presents information in a variety of visual forms 11.Communicates in writing 12.Participates in oral and non-verbal communication MANAGING TASKS AND SOLVING PROBLEMS 13.Uses information sources 14. Deals with a combination of routine and non-routine tasks 15.Identifies and solves routine and non-routine problems BECOMING NUMERATE AND USING TECHNOLOGY 16.Applies numerical skills and techniques 17.Uses a range of technological equipment and systems Plagiarism: Plagiarism is the act of presenting another’s ideas or words as one’s own. Cheating includes, but is not limited to, the intentional falsification or fabrication of any academic activity, unauthorized copying of another person’s work, or aiding and abetting any such acts. Particular care must be taken when presenting information that has been obtained from an internet site. Should this information not be correctly referenced, then you are guilty of plagiarism and will be penalised accordingly. With respect to projects/assignments, faculty reserves the right to randomly call upon any student and ask them to defend their work orally. Any assignment/exam which is found to contain plagiarism will automatically be awarded a grade of 0, and an e-mail will be sent to the student or the student’s parents/tutors/sponsors. Depending on the circumstances, additional penalties could be imposed (see LRM Academic Regulations, Section 11). Statement of authorship Following the title page of your assignment there should be a page on which you sign a statement that the work included in the assignment is your own work except where appropriately referenced. The following statement should be used: Statement of authorship I certify that this assignment is my own work and contains no material which has been submitted as part of an assignment in any institute, college or university. Moreover, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference is made in the text of the assignment. Signed Name Student number. Page 4 of 4See Answer
Q8:The objective of this assignment is to introduce you to the basic features and functionalities of Microsoft Excel, including entering data, basic calculations, formatting, and creating simple charts. Instructions: Open Microsoft Excel on your computer. Create a new blank workbook to complete the following tasks. Save your workbook as "Excel_Beginner_Assignment" or a similar name. Complete the tasks described below. Save your work frequently as you progress. Task 1: Entering Data In cell A1, type "Product Name". In cell B1, type "Price". Enter the following data in cells A2:A6: "Item 1", "Item 2", "Item 3", "Item 4", "Item 5". Enter the corresponding prices in cells B2:B6: 10, 20, 15, 25, 30. Task 2: Basic Calculations In cell C1, type "Total Price". In cell C2, write a formula to calculate the total price for "Item 1" by adding the price in cell B2. Use the fill handle to apply the formula to calculate the total prices for "Item 2" to "Item 5". Task 3: Formatting Select the range A1:C1. Apply bold and center alignment to the selected cells. Format the range A2:A6 as a bulleted list. Task 4: Creating a Chart Select the range A1:B6, including headers and data. Go to the "Insert" tab in the Excel ribbon. Choose a "Column Chart" (a simple vertical bar chart). A chart should appear on your worksheet. Move and resize the chart as needed. Task 5: Saving and Submission Save your workbook. Create a PDF version of your workbook for submission. File -- Save as --. pdf Task 6: Explore one other feature not described in the task list (perhaps something on the menu bar, something you read about in the text, or something described in the Help tab). Highlight this feature/addition to your document. Write a few sentences about what you chose and why. What did you learn in the process? Or still want to explore? Additional Challenge, 2 Bonus Points Possible (Optional): Modify the chart title, axis labels, and data labels to make the chart more informative and visually appealing.See Answer
Q9:Excel Assignment 2 Download the article “Vigilant Spreadsheet” AND Excel Assignment Summer 2024 file from EMU Canvas Excel Skills: Sorting, SUMIF, COUNTIF, and Conditional Formatting Add the conditional formatting (on the home tab) to the information in the Part 1 tab: Column C – Area in sq miles – less than 10,000 Column E – Males per 100 females - between 95 and 99. Choose a different formatting than “1a” above. Column G – Percent not covered by health insurance –top 10% using the “top/bottom rules”. Choose a different format than 1a and 1b. In cell J53 use the COUNTIF function to count the number of states that have “Percent of Population over 65” (column J) less than or equal to 12 percent. Format with no decimal places. In cell L53, use the SUMIF function to sum the total number of births (column L) if a state has greater than or equal to 200,000. Format with “,” and no decimal places. In cell M53, use the SUMIF function to sum the number of marriages (column M) if the state is in the Midwest region. Go to the Part 2 tab and sort this spreadsheet once. Using the custom sort, the first sort should be descending order by Region (Column B) with the second sort should be State (Column A) in ascending order. Save your spreadsheet and call it “yourlastnameExcel2” Upload your completed spreadsheet into Canvas.See Answer
Q10: Mini research proposal This assessment is the first assignment for the module BE951. This piece of coursework is worth 20% of the overall assessment of BE951. The requirements for coursework are as follows: Using a topic that interests you, develop a research question. Your answer should briefly review the relevant literature in the field, explain how your research question fits into that literature, and explain the need for, and importance of, your proposed research. • Essays should not exceed 700 words in length. • • • The best example of a mini-research proposal is the introduction section of a good research article. Also, a sample mini-research proposal is uploaded onto the Moodle page. Your essay should include a title page and a bibliography, which includes the full reference for all articles, books and other sources you have cited in the body of the text. The bibliography (and any footnotes) need not be included in the word count. The essay does not need to be structured in any particular format. Nevertheless, the proposal may have some paragraphs developing the research question or questions. You may have a few sentences on methods after the research questions. Generally, it should look like the introduction section of an article. Also, have a look at the sample proposal uploaded on Moodle. The essay must be word-processed, and double-spaced using a standard font (such as Times New Roman or Arial) in 12 point. Note that your coursework is to be submitted ONLY via submission deadline. b). Check for the A. Proposed List of Research Topics: The proposed list of research topics is just indicative and aims to give you an idea of potential research questions. However, the topics you can cover are not limited to this list, but need to be closely related to the accounting literature. 1. Accounting Information: • narrative reporting reporting and voluntary disclosure • • accounting systems and micro-finance in rural/indigenous communities role in markets 2. Accounting profession: role in taxation, fraud, corruption • image creation and management of • ethical issues in accounting profession gender and equality issues in accounting profession 3. Audit and Auditors: . audit and Corporate Social Responsibility auditors' responsibility for fraud detection accounting and auditing standard setting 4. Business Ethics: . ethics and CSR Stakeholder theory and ethics whistleblowing and accounting ethics ethics of taxation and tax-avoidance ethics in stakeholder-company relations ethics and MNCs 5. Corporate Governance: Role of activist investors • • Role of non-executive directors • executive remuneration and CG 7. Foreign aid: . • micro-finance globalization and aid-agencies and public sector and management control 8. International Financial Reporting Standards: • development of standard setting effects of standards and standard setters 9. Islamic accounting, audit and corporate governance 10. Accounting and Information Technology 11. The Impact of Company Law on Accounting Issues 12. Management Accounting: performance measurement • accounting and management in arts and culture . • management information systems and the arts Enterprise Resource Planning Systems organisational change in voluntary sector organizations management accounting and control systems: adoption, design, implementation, and use 13. Public Sector: public sector accounting . reform and privatization . public sector in developing countries organisational change in the New Public Management and management accounting Performance Measurement Frameworks in the public or private sector 14. The Financial Crisis: • role of audit in corporate governance and financial reporting and 15. Market Based Accounting Event studies • mergers and acquisitions stock performance financial performance earnings announcements earnings management financial analystsSee Answer
Q11: Overview Accountants must know how to set up multiple years' worth of financial statements for review. They must also know how to do different types of analysis work like vertical, horizontal, and ratio analyses. Directions: There are two parts for this milestone: the relevant tabs of the Project Workbook Template and the Financial Analysis section in the Business Valuation Template. Project Workbook Template: Balance Sheet and Income Statement For the Project Workbook Template part of this milestone, you will complete the financial analysis for the company you selected by reviewing five years of historical financial statements beginning with the most recent year filed. You will focus on the balance sheets and income statements published by the company in their annual SEC 10-K filings. Remember, assets = total liabilities + owner's equity. The common-size statements and Milestone Ratio tab will auto-calculate. Use these sections to check your work for the Milestone Balance Sheet and Milestone Income Statement tabs. Enter the year on the balance sheet first to auto-populate the rest of the years correctly. Insert the name of the company and the dates of the period covered on every tab since these do not auto-populate. Insert how values are being reported in the heading, whether it be in thousands or millions. The template will provide a check digit for the Milestone Balance Sheet tab to help you make sure your balance sheet is in balance. Use the check digits to check your work prior to submission. Complete this portion of the milestone first before publishing your findings in the Business Valuation Template. Note: You may choose to complete an assignment using a desktop program instead of SNHU's virtual desktop (VDI); however, technical support will not be provided by SNHU if you select this option. Business Valuation Template: Financial Analysis For this milestone, you will complete only the Financial Analysis section of the template. Specifically, you must address the following rubric criteria: Project Workbook Template Prepare the company's balance sheet accurately and completely on the Milestone Balance Sheet tab in the workbook. Include the following details in your response: Ensure the total assets, total liabilities, and owner's equity agree with the company's published financial statements in the 10-K filings. Ensure the balance sheet is in balance for all five years. Ensure all 10-K financial statements are reporting in the same dollar amount (i.e., thousands or millions). Make adjustments in the workbook accordingly. Prepare the company's income statement accurately and completely on the Milestone Income Statement tab in the workbook. Include the following details in your response: Subtotal the income statement in your workbook only to the published income statement line items for net income before tax for all five years. Include the gross profit margin even if the company does not report a gross profit margin on the published income statement. Identify the direct cost of goods sold. The following sections are found in the Business Valuation Template: Balance Sheet Analysis . • • • • • • Explain the findings regarding the company's asset accounts for the previous five years. Include the following details in your response: Describe in detail the material changes in the asset accounts, including changes in cash, AR, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and goodwill. Explain what these changes might be related to. Explain the findings regarding the company's liability accounts for the previous five years. Include the following details in your response: Describe in detail the material changes in both current and long-term liabilities. Explain what these changes might be related to. Explain the findings regarding the company's equity accounts for the previous five years. Include the following details in your response: Describe in detail the changes to equity accounts, including common stock, treasury stock, or additional paid in capital (i.e., whether the company raised funds or retired stock). Explain how the changes compare to the net income or other sections of the balance sheet. Identify whether the company paying out dividends. Explain in detail how the company's dividend payouts have changed over the past five years. Describe in detail the changes in “total equity” (representing the current “book value” of the company). Explain what the company's current and prior year liquidity and debt-to-equity ratios say about the company's financial health. Consider the following questions to guide your response: What is an appropriate level of debt? How does this year's performance compare to the previous year? Income Statement and Cash Flow Analysis • Explain the profitability ratios that are included in the company's financial statements. Include the following detail in your response: • Explain any trends and relate any changes back to the balance sheet and income statement accounts used in the ratio calculation. Explain the profitability of the company for the prior and current years. Consider thefollowing questions to guide your response: What does a vertical analysis of the company's gross revenue show you? What is the percentage (%) of change year over year for these past five years? How are the company's COGS and gross profit margin being managed? How are the company's sales, general, and administrative expenses being managed as a percentage of sales? What does this tell you about the company's current business cycle? Remember that it is normal for this percentage to rise when sales are dropping and fall when sales are rising. If this is not happening, what might be the reason? Describe what free cash flow is and how it is calculated. • Explain the free cash flow history for the company. • • • • Explain the data reported in the cash flow statement for all five years reported. Include the following details in your response: Identify the amount of cash flow reported from operations. Identify the amount of cash flow reported from investments. Identify the amount of cash flow reported from financing. Explain the correlation between each of these categories of cash flow for the past five years. Normalization Adjustments Analysis Define the term normalization adjustment. Identify three examples of balance sheet normalization adjustments that might appear. • Identify three examples of income statement normalization adjustments that might appear. Summary Summarize your findings for the valuation team. Include the following details in your response: Explain what you learned as you researched the company. Identify the key points the valuation team needs to be aware of. Create at least one effective visualization that supports key points. Include the following detail in your response: Provide appropriate labels for the visualization(s). If you need writing support, access the Academic Support module of your course. What to Submit ➤ Project Workbook Template Submit the Project Workbook Template with the following tabs completed: Milestone Balance Sheet, Milestone Income Statement, Milestone Ratios. Note: You will be using this same file for this milestone and your project. Business Valuation Template Submit the Business Valuation Template with the Milestone Two: Financial Analysis section completed. The Financial Analysis section should be an additional 4- to 6-page Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins in addition to the current page count. Sources should be cited according to APA style./nSee Answer
Q12:Topic - Statement of Owners Equity in US Requirements As part of our project, we must include a Statement of Owners Equity section. This statement is a significant financial document that shows the changes in the equity of a company over a period of time. To create a report on the Statement of Owners Equity, please follow these instructions: Introduction: Begin with a brief introduction to the purpose of the Statement of Owners Equity and why it is essential for businesses and investors. Key Components: Describe the key components of the Statement of Owners Equity, including beginning equity, net income, dividends, and ending equity. Explain how changes in these components affect the overall equity of the business and how the statement relates to other financial documents such as the Balance Sheet and Income Statement. Trends and Analysis: Analyze the Statement of Owners Equity trends over time by comparing the current period to previous periods. Identify any significant changes in equity and explain their potential impact on the business. Discuss any challenges or limitations in interpreting the statement. Conclusion: Summarize the key points discussed in the report and provide final thoughts on the importance of the Statement of Owners Equity for businesses and investors. When preparing your report, please ensure that you use accurate and up-to-date financial data for the company. You should also use clear and concise language and provide any relevant charts or graphs to support your analysis. Word Limit - 300 Words, APASee Answer
Q13:Question 7 Not yet answered Marked out of 4.00 Flag question subject Select one: O A. 167,500 O B. 19,000 O C. 164,960 O D. 127,727 Comment Am & Co makes and sells an extensive range of products. Their total estimated sales for the year are £13110. Total variable costs are £11600. The total fixed costs are £19000. Calculate the breakeven point for Am & CoSee Answer
Q14:Question 2 Not yet answered Marked out of 4.00 Flag question Label the graphs below using the cost behaviour text provided (drag and drop the text into the box provided) £ Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Activity Stepped Cost per Unit Total Costs £ Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Activity Fixed cost per unit Variable Cost per unitSee Answer
Q15:Question 4 Not yet answered Marked out of 6.00 Flag question Total production costs for the six months to June 200X are as follows; Cost Month Jan-OX Feb-0X Mar-OX Apr-OX May-OX Jun-OX Units produced 170 150 190 210 200 180 Fixed Costs = £ £ 1,808 1,728 1,856 1,968 1,840 1,813 Use the table above to calculate the following; Enter your values to 2 decimals places with no £ sign Variable cost per unit = £ Total Costs for 1200 units = £See Answer
Q16:Question 5 Not yet answered Marked out of 4.00 Flag question Please select the limitations of CVP Analysis from the list below; Select one or more: Oi. Oii. It can help calculate the impact of changing the selling price, variable and fixed costs Cannot be used for What if Scenarios iii. It does not consider the impact of the demand curve on prices Oiv. Always assumes that fixed do not change Ov. It is not very useful for planning vi. Variable costs per unit is assummed to be constantSee Answer
Q17:Question 3 Not yet answered Marked out of 4.00 Flag question A kitchen fitting company receives an invoice for sub-contractors who were used to connect the gas supply to a cooker installed in a new kitchen. How would this invoice be classified? Select one: Comment O a. Direct labour O b. Indirect expenses O c. indirect labour O d. Direct expensesSee Answer
Q18:Question 1 Not yet answered Marked out of 2.00 Flag question Management accounting is concerned with which kind of decision? Select one: O A. continuous operational improvement OB. financial control O C. product costing and pricing O D. all of the aboveSee Answer

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Topics
Costing methods	Cost control techniques
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Cash flow statement	Bank reconciliation
Budgeting and forecasting	Constraint analysis
Fund accounting	Compliance with regulations
Operating budget	Capital budgeting techniques
Fiscal accountability	Public sector internal audit standards
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Explore Our Accounting Homework Samples

Accounting Homework Sample 1 Accounting Homework Sample 2

Accounting Homework Sample 3 Accounting Homework Sample 4

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