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Grammar Topics & Concepts Covered

Topics	Concepts
Parts of speech	Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjection
Sentence Structure	Subject, Predicate, Clause, Phrase
Punctuation	Comma, Period, Question Mark, Exclamation Mark, Colon, Semicolon
Grammar Rules	Subject-Verb Agreement, Tense, Voice, Mood
Syntax	Sentence arrangement and structure
Modifiers	Adjectives and Adverbs usage
Clarity & Style	Conciseness, Coherence, Consistency
Grammar in Writing	Applying grammatical rules in composition

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Recently Asked Grammar Questions

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Q1:From each group choose the correct sentence: sarah buys new york magazines every Saturday. Sarah buys New york magazines every Saturday. Sarah buys New York magazines every Saturday. Sam went to see Dr.kareem, who worked with other doctors in the clinic. Sam went to see Dr.Kareem who worked with other doctors in the clinic. sam went to see dr.kareem who worked with other doctors in the clinic. the boys just returned from kuwait from their holiday in Hong kong. The boys just returned from Kuwait from their holiday in Hong kong. The boys just returned from Kuwait from their holiday in Hong Kong. I like to watch Turkish movies all the time. I like to watch Turkish Movies all the time. I like to watch turkish movies all the time. my favorite book in school was Harry Potter. My favorite book in school was Harry Potter. My favorite book in School was Harry Potter. i was a student at Kuwait university five years ago. I was a student at Kuwait university five years ago. I was a student at Kuwait University five years ago. I am taking chemistry 143 this Course. I am taking Chemistry 143 this course. i am taking chemistry 143 this course. The house, which no one entered for years, is still beautiful. The house which no one entered for years, is still beautiful. The house, which no one entered, for years is still beautiful.See Answer
Q2:Ex. 1 The following examples have non-verbal clausal negation, construct equivalent examples with verbal negation. 1. He had told neither the boss nor her secretary. 2. They were impressed by none of the candidates. 3. We have nowhere to hide. 4. I saw no one on the road. 5. We're taking neither of them with us.See Answer
Q3:Ex. 2 Are they grammatically positive or negative? 1. She unpacked her suitcase. 2. I have nothing to offer them. 3. I disagree with you. 4. There is hardly any chance of them changing their mind. 5. He was ineffective. 6. He wasn't effective.See Answer
Q4:Ex. 3 Discuss the difference in meaning between the following: 1. He had read a few books on the subject. 2. He had read few books on the subject. • Have you got any money? No, very little. • Have you got any money? Yes, a little.See Answer
Q5:Ex. 2 Are they grammatically positive or negative? 1. She unpacked her suitcase. 2. I have nothing to offer them. 3. I disagree with you. 4. There is hardly any chance of them changing their mind. 5. He was ineffective. 6. He wasn't effective.See Answer
Q6:6.1 Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined word in each sentence with a phrasal verb from A. Note that both versions of each sentence are equally appropriate. 1 We conducted a series of experiments to test out our hypothesis. 2 Before the test you should revise Chapters 7 and 8 of your textbooks. 3 In his article on the American Civil War Kingston discusses the reasons why the situation developed in the way it did. 4 Cole presents some fascinating theories on the development of language in his latest book. 5 The psychologist observed that it was very unusual for a young child to behave in this way. 6 Please check your work again carefully before handing it in. 7 In this article Simpson aims to prove that the Chinese reached America long before the Vikings. 8 Women now constitute over half the student population in most universities in this country. 6.2 Fill in the missing words in this paragraph. As part of my MA I've been doing some research on language acquisition. I've been working (1)________ how young children learn their mother tongue. I've been. carrying (2)_____some experiments to see how much reading to young children affects their language development. I've had a great supervisor who has helped me set (3)________my experiments and she's also pointed (4).__________ lots of interesting things in my data that I hadn't noticed myself. I'm busy writing my work (5)_______ now and I think I should be able to put (6).___________some useful ideas. It's been really fascinating and I hope I may be able to go (7).________ to do a doctorate in the same field although I certainly never set (8)_________ to do a PhD. 6.3 Match the beginning of each sentence with the most appropriate ending. 1 Feudal society was made forward a convincing theory with regard to this question. 2 Carlson was the first to put up the flaws in the school's testing methods. 3 Her results appear to go out the solution to the algebra problem. 4 The investigation pointed out a lot of basic information about all the world's 5 It took him a long time to work countries. against what she had found in her earlier studies. 6 The geography book set up of clearly defined classes of people. 6.4 Answer these questions. 1 What sort of things might a scientist carry out? 2 If you want to study something in more depth, what might you go on to do after getting a first degree? 3 What do postgraduate students typically have to write up at the end of their studies? 4 What sort of things do good students regularly look back over? 5 What sorts of things do scholars typically put forward in their lectures or articles? 6 Why is it sensible to go through any maths calculations that you had to make as part of a research study before you draw any conclusions?See Answer
Q7:7.1 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in italics. 1 In a______ number of cases, there was no reaction at all to the drug. surprise 2 The analysis demanded an__________amount of computer time. exceed 3__________ numbers of birds inhabit the lake during the winter. consider 4 The course requires a___________ amount of prior knowledge of computers. reason 5. The survey took a__________ amount of research time and costs were high. substance 6 The two dams can hold in______ of two cubic kilometres of water. exceed 7 In________ , 12 areas of the Southern Indian Ocean are now closed to deep-sea fishing. totality 8 Groups______ four people were considered too large for the experiment. exceed 9 No________ than 2,000 new computer viruses are created every year. few 10 In a________number of cases, surface damage was noticed. signify 7.2 The sentences below are typical of spoken English. Replace the underlined words to make them sound more appropriate for a written assignment. 1 The bulk of our work is concerned with carbon emissions. 2 We have noticed that fewer and fewer students are joining the course. 3 Our team spent a fair amount of time getting funding for the research. 4 In a couple of cases, we could not find any reason for the outbreak. 5 We spent a great deal of time on the project. 6 As you repeat the experiment, use less and less water each time. 7.3 Read the text and answer the questions. For some years now, scientists have been using a powerful new machine to recreate the conditions that existed at the birth of the universe. The machine generates a massive number of hot, dense, bursts of matter and energy, simulating what happened in the first few microseconds of the beginning of the universe. After no more than ten microseconds, the particles of matter joined together, like water freezing into ice, forming the origin of more or less everything we see in the universe today. 1 Which expression explains how long scientists have been using this machine? 2 Which expression tells us how many bursts of matter and energy the machine generates? 3 Which time period does the machine simulate? 4 Which expression states how long it was before the particles of matter joined together? 5 Which expression in the last sentence means approximately? 7.4 Rewrite the paragraph using the opposites of the underlined words or expressions. There have been a small number of studies investigating the impact of email on interpersonal communications. None of the studies has been large-scale but they suggest some interesting trends in patterns of email use. From one of the older studies it seems that more and more people send in excess of 50 emails daily. Moreover, it appears that a substantial number of senior citizens use email a lot more frequently than younger people do.See Answer
Q8:Today marks my last day at ALSTOM. It has been a pleasure and great pride to work in the Riyadh Metro project for the past 8 years. I would like to thank all of my colleagues for the unceasing support and the great work. I would like to thank all of my superiors who provided nothing less than the continued support and gudeance in the System Assurance field: Clive, John, and Gilbert.See Answer
Q9:(WRITE) 1. Sally looks worried. She MUST HAVE/MUST HAVE HAD a problem with something (HAVE). 2. Bob CAN'T BE / CAN'T HAVE BEEN at school because I haven't seen him all day (BE). 3. I COULD HAVE LENT you the money. Why didn't you ask me (LEND) 4. Mr Travis hasn't come to work yet. He has never been late for work. He MUST HAVE MISSED the bus (MISS). 5. She knew everything about our plans. She MUST HAVE LISTENED to our conversation (LISTEN) 6. A: Will you come to my birthday party tomorrow afternoon? B: I'm sorry but I CAN'T COME because I have to look after my sister. (COME) 7. Timmy is a very good boy. He isn't naughty, so he CAN'T HAVE BROKEN that window. Somebody else MUST HAVE BROKEN it (BREAK 2X) 8. The street is wet this morning. I'm not sure but it COULD/MAY/MIGHT HAVE RAINED last night (RAIN). 9. She COULD SING like an angel when she was a child (SING) 10. A: I talked to your science teacher yesterday. B: You CAN'T HAVE TALKED to her because she wasn't at school yesterday. (TALK) 11. Mrs. White bought a new fur coat! - She MUST HAVE WON the lottery (WIN). 12. He came home alone yesterday. You SHOULDN'T HAVE LET him do that; he MIGHT HAVE GOT lost. (LET, GET) 13. He read the message, but he COULDN'T UNDERSTAND it (UNDERSTAND) 14. The singer has got a sore throat so she CAN'T SING at the concert (SING) 15. It MAY/MIGHT HAVE BEEN Jack I saw in the park yesterday, but I'm not sure about it (BE). 16. We can't wait any longer. Something MUST BE DONE at once (DO). 17. Everyone shouted in fear. They MUST HAVE BEEN very afraid (BE). 18. A: I'm afraid Ted is watching TV again. B: He CAN'T BE WATCHING TV because his room is completely silent and dark. He MUST BE SLEEPING. (WATCH, SLEEP) 19. I can't find my book. I MUST HAVE LEFT IT on the bus (LEAVE) 20. You were stupid to go skiing here. You COULD HAVE BROKEN a leg (BREAK) 21. He looked so tired when I saw him. He MUST HAVE WORKED so hard (WORK) 22. Tom COULDN'T HAVE WRITTEN this because it is in French because Tom doesn't know French. (WRITE)See Answer
Q10:Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about how did basketball affect my life and what is the relationship between me and basketball that made me always look forward and hope for the best and never give up Central Idea: Basketball made me an ambitious person, and I only seek to win first place, and I always look at dreams that are very difficult to reach Description What you need for your rough draft 1st and last name Full Introduction (Attention getter and preview) Full Conclusion (Signal end, summary, memorable end) 2 Main points sentences Transitions/Connectives (one after intro, one between Main points) The more work you do for the rough draft, the less work you will have to do for the final draft. Also, the more content you have, the more content I have to help you out/evaluate.See Answer
Q11:Modals. Write a sentence with each modal plus the base form of a verb. Use a variety of subjects. ABILITY 1. can 2. could ADVICE 3. should 4. ought to 5. had better NECESSITY 6. must 7. can't CONCLUSIONS 8. may 9. might_ 10. could 11. must_ 12. can't FUTURE POSSIBILITY 13. may 14. might 15. Could SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS Write a sentence using the following expressions plus the base form of a verb. ABILITY 16. is able to 17. was able to NECESSITY 18. have to have got to 19. has to has got to CONCLUSIONS 20. have to have got to 21. has to has got to BE and HAVE Change Form See Answer
Q12:A. Combine each pair of sentences using time expressions given in parentheses. 1. The boss will be in the office. We will work efficiently. (while) 2. I will come home. I will finish my work. ASSIGNMENT Section1 3. Ali will write a review. He will finish reading the book. (after) 4. I will clean my bed room. I will go to sleep. 5. The operation will begin. The patient will get ready. 2. They drive old cars. They are millionaires. 3. He failed in the chemistry exam. He studied very hard. (when) B. Combine each pair of sentences using 'because' or 'even though'. 1. Justin can make a snowman. It snowed a lot. 4. I don't like playing tennis. It is very boring. 5. They should take their umbrella. It is raining outside. (before) (as soon as)/nC. Combine sentences using coordinating and subordinating conjunctions given in parentheses. 1. She works as an artist. She has a degree in medicine. (although) 2. The sushi restaurant down the street is the best. It is very cheap. (and) 3. You can come and buy groceries with me. You can stay home until I get back. (or) 4. He was so nervous for the interview. He was excited for the opportunities. 5. Alia wants to get an A+ in the exam. She is studying very hard. 2. He is very hard working. His wife is rather lazy. D. Combine each pair of sentences using cause and effect transitions given in parentheses. 1. I have enough time. I will watch a football match. (if) 3. Politicians often tell lies. Many people believe them. (while) (so) (even though) (but)/n4. Harry has straight hair. His parents have curly hair. 5. I went to bed early. I woke up tired. (whereas) a. Underline the 'Hook'. b. Circle the 'Thesis Statement'. (despite the fact that) Section2 A. Read the introductory paragraph of an essay and answer the following questions. What effects has the computer had on our lives? The twenty-first century is already turning out to be the century of the computer. The computer revolution that started after the Second World War is now developing exponentially and computers are beginning to influence and take over nearly every aspect of our lives. Computers are clearly changing and affecting society in many ways. The two main areas in which computers have brought about a profound change in our lives are in the economic field and in the field of communications. B. Read the body paragraph of an essay and answer the following questions. The primary cause of cities becoming so crowded is economic. As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas. Frankfurt, Istanbul, Bombay and Sao Paolo are all the economic centers of their countries. For example, Tokyo was the motor for Japan's rapid economic development in the 1960's and 70's; as a result, its population increased rapidly. People moved to cities because they could find employment and establish economic security for themselves and their families there. a. Circle the 'Topic Sentence'. b. Underline the 'Supporting Details'. c. Write the 'Concluding Sentence'./nC. Read the sentences carefully. Underline the main clauses and circle the dependent clauses. 1. Some people agree with this theory; however, it's never been proven right. 2. Despite the fact that she works hard, she doesn't make much money. 3 Although he speaks seldom, he says meaningful words. 4. I won't be able to go to college unless I get good grades in chemistry. 5. Although there are many issues, Canada can resolve its economic problems.See Answer
Q13:II. If the following sentences can be changed to passive, write Y in the blank. If they cannot be changed to passive, write N in the blank. If you wrote Y, please change the sentence to passive using the SAME verb tense. It is NOT necessary to use the by-phrase. (20 points) 1. Scientists use the "relearning method" in memory research. 2. The students were waiting for the teacher for 15 minutes. 3. My neighbor's son became a doctor last year. 4. People have seen the escaped convict in East Tennessee. 5. Teenagers are wearing baggy pants more and more these days. 6. Amazon will deliver my package tomorrow. 7. Mark's new car looks really expensive. 8. My boss made the decision to cancel our break. 0 ING/n14. Alexander Graham Bell (invent). telephone in 1876, and life hasn't been the same since then. 15. When a document (translate). foreign language, it sometimes loses some of its original meaning. roads and 16. Floods often (damage). bridges during the rainy season in Central America. 17. The magazine editor (discover). in the article before it went to the publisher. 18. The students (give). to write a paper on the Philippines. 19. Nicer restrooms (might, build) new office building next door. 20. What (happen). pass your English class? the into a a mistake an assignment in the next semester if you don't/n8. My new telephone line (connect) afternoon. 9. A person who is inside my house (can, see). from the street outside by passersby. 10. The papers (organize). supervisor came into the office and asked for them. 11. Nick (have to, travel) job, and he really doesn't like it much. tomorrow when the a lot for his 12. By the time Congress finishes its summer session in August, three new laws (pass). 13. If I'm lucky, this paper that I'm writing for my history class (might, finish) by 11:00 tonight./nchapter 3 1. Please put the following sentences in either the passive or active voice. Remember to also choose the correct verb tense for each sentence. If a modal is provided, please use it. Do not add a modal if I do not give you one. (40 points) 1. Stephen King (write) some of the most famous science fiction novels, and he is still coming out with new ones every year. 2. The airport (can, reach) travelers. 3. Do you think that young children (should, teach). how to use a gun? 5. The zoo (buy). when the old one died last year. easily by 4. Oil prices (determine). demand-the more people want the product, the higher the price. by supply and a new elephant from Africa 7. My friend had to go to traffic court, and he (order)_ to pay a fine of $130. 6. In order to register for classes at this university, high school transcripts (must, provide) with the application.See Answer
Q14:Complex Sentences Assignment: • Write 5 complex sentences using different time subordinators: o As Before Since When • While Write 2 complex sentences using different reason subordinators: As Because Since Write 2 complex sentences using the following conditional subordinators: olf Unless Write a complex sentence using the following purpose subordinator: So that Write 2 complex sentences using the following contrast subordinators: Although • WhileSee Answer
Q15:A) Listen to the conversation. Circle True of False for each statement. 1 The bag belongs to Jane. 2 The bag is very special. 3 The shoes are Jane's. 4 Jane and Simona say hello to Jane's sister. 5 Jane and Simona leave the café quickly. True/False True/False True/False True / False True/False / 10 (2 points each)See Answer
Q16:E Circle the correct answer. EXAMPLE: Whose/Who keychain is this? I think it's Eduardo's. 1 Delfina has a blue bag. Is that her/hers? 2 Where is my/mine umbrella? I can't find it. 3 Marie/Marie's roommate is from Venezuela. 4 This mirror is beautiful. Is it yours/your? 5 This is Carlo's water bottle. These two are our/ours. 6 I think that's his grandsons/grandson's keychain. _/ 6 (1 point each)See Answer
Q17:INSTRUCTION- We have all the verbs and pronouns in the chart. We don't know how they are used in the sentence. There are 3 incorrect and need help knowing which 3 they are in the chart and how they are used.See Answer
Q18:CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive PRETEST: What do I already know? Write "C" if a sentence has the correct verb form and "I" for incorrect. Check your answers below. After you complete each chart listed, make any necessary corrections. 1. _ Air is consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, and other gases. (1-1) 2. I am working overtime this week. (1-1) 3. Does the copy machine working right now? (1-2) 4. We aren't knowing Sami's wife. (1-3) 5. My cell phone network is always being slow. (1-3) 6. Gloria canceled her doctor's appointment because she felt better. (1-4) 7. _ I turned on the stove, am boiling the water, and forget to put in the rice. (1-4) 8. A few children drawed some pictures this morning while the teacher was talking. (1-5) 9. - When I turned the key, the car wasn't starting. (1-5) 10. I was going to call you, but my phone died. (1-6) Incorrect sentences: 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9 EXERCISE 1 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-1) Match the description with the sentence. Which sentences do you agree with? a. action happening right now b. general truth c. habit 1. _ I look at the stars every night. 2. __ I'm looking at an astronomy textbook. The earth revolves around the sun. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 1 1-1 Simple Present and Present Progressive This basic diagram will be used in all tense descriptions. now past future SIMPLE PRESENT (a) Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. (b) The average person breathes* 21,600 times a day. The simple present says that something was true in the past, is true in the present, and will be true in the future. It expresses general statements of fact and general truths. ***** (c) The world is round. (d) I get up at seven every morning. (e) I always eat a salad for lunch. PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (f) The students are sitting at their desks right now. The present progressive expresses an activity that is in progress at the moment of speaking. The present progressive is a temporary activity that began in the past, is continuing at present, and will probably end at some point in the future. *See Appendix Chart E-2 for spelling rules for -ing verbs and Appendix Chart E-6 for final -s pronunciation. EXERCISE 2 . Let's talk. (Chart 1-1) Work in small groups. Each member of the group should contribute one sentence for each topic. Share some of your sentences with the class. 1. Tell your group one daily habit you have. 2. Look around the room. Make a sentence about one activity that is happening right now. 3. In one sentence, state a general truth about the world. EXERCISE 3 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-1) Complete the sentences. Use the simple present or the present progressive of the verbs in parentheses. 1. a. Kristin is in the shower. She (wash) is washing her hair. b. Kristin (wash) her hair every other day or so. 2. a. Tony usually (sit) in the front row during class. b. Today he (sit) in the last row. 3. a. Lars (work) the night shift on weekends. b. He's not home now. He (work) a double shift. 4. a. After six days of rain, I'm glad that the sun (shine) The simple present is used to express habitual or everyday activities. 10 12 start MOU finish? (g) I need an umbrella because it is raining. (h) I am taking five courses this semester. progress In 7 6 8 2 Partner A Partner B Examples: PARTNER A: In picture 1, the boy is watching sports on TV. He is holding a remote. He is changing channels. He is looking for a baseball game. Etc. PARTNER B: In picture 2, the boy is not watching TV. He is playing the guitar. Maybe he is practicing a popular song. Etc. EXERCISE 5 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-1) Choose the correct completion(s). Discuss your answers with the class. 1. In early summer, the sun 9:00 P.M. in my hometown. a. sets (It's a general statement of fact.) b. is setting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 2. It's a beautiful evening. I'm sitting outside. The sun behind the mountains. a. sets (It's a general truth.) b. is setting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 3 b. Every morning, the sun (shine) in my bedroom window and (wake) me up. 2 CHAPTER 1 5. a. Babies (grow) very quickly. Newborn babies are very different from three-month olds. b. Your baby (grow) so fast. She isn't a newborn anymore! 6. a. Please be quiet. I (try) to concentrate on my math homework. b. Each day, our math teacher (try) but I am very confused. to explain the material clearly, EXERCISE 4 > Let's talk. (Chart 1-1) With a partner, take turns making a few sentences about each picture. Use the present progressive. You can be imaginative! O 11 around 3. Rice __ in about 15 minutes. a. cooks (It's a general truth.) b. is cooking (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 4. Hurry! The rice _over onto the stove. a. boils (It's a general statement of fact.) b. is boiling (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 5. Dr. Costa __ his hospital patients before office hours. a. visits (It's a habitual activity.) b. is visiting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 6. Leo __ his bike through downtown traffic every day to work. a. rides (It's a habitual activity.) b. is riding (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 7. Jenna for her grandparents at their hotel. a. works (It's a habitual activity.) b. is working (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. 8. Francine and Marco each other several times a day. a. text (It's a habitual activity.) b. are texting (It's happening right now.) c. Both are possible. EXERCISE 6 > Listening. (Chart 1-1) Listen to the sentences. Choose all the correct completions. Outdoors 1. right now. every day. in the summer. 2. today. in the winter. every April. 3. every year. right now. this week. 4. right now. today. every winter. 5. every summer. right now. in the spring. 6. this week. every January. every winter. EXERCISE 8 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-2) Choose the correct completions. 1. Cold air isn't / doesn't rise. 2. What is / does water consist of? 3. Is / Does the earth spinning rapidly or slowly? 1-2 Simple Present and Present Progressive: Affirmative, Negative, Question Forms Simple Present Present Progressive AFFIRMATIVE 1 help. 1 am You, We, They He, She, It help. You, We, They He, She, It helping. helping. are helps. is helping. NEGATIVE 1 do not help. 1 You, We, They He, She, It do not does not am not are not helping. helping. help. You, We, They He, She, It is not help. helping. QUESTION Do 1 help? Am 1 helping? helping? Do you, we, they he, she, it help? Are you, we, they he, she, it Does help? Is helping? When do - help? When am - helping? EXERCISE 9 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-2) Complete the sentences with Do, Does, Is, or Are. On an Airplane 7. right now. every summer. this month. EXERCISE 7 > Reading and grammar. (Chart 1-1) Read the passage. Add the endings -s/-es where necessary. You may need to change -y to -ies. Write Ø for no ending. Do you know these words? 1. Are you ready for takeoff? 8. they serve food on this flight? 2. the plane taking off soon? 9. the movie beginning? 3. you nervous? 10. you like to fly? - amazing 4. you have your seat belt on? 11. the co-pilot flying the plane? 5. the seats comfortable? 12. the pilot sleep during the flight? Our Amazing Heart The heart is an amazing organ. It beat_ 100,000 1 - organ -pump 6. your seat comfortable? 13. the pilots sleep during the flight? 7. the seat go back more? 14. the plane on autopilot? EXERCISE 10 > Trivia game. (Chart 1-2) Work in teams. Make true sentences. The team with the most correct answers (factually and grammatically) wins. Use the simple present or present progressive. - oxygen times a day and pump __ 2 2,000 gallons of blood through - waste - tissues 60,000 miles of blood vessels in our bodies. Blood carry __ fresh oxygen from our lungs to all the parts of 3 the body. It also remove waste from our tissues. Here 1. Ice (melt) doesn't melt at 32°F (0℃). is an interesting fact: when we laugh __ , up to 20% more 5 2. Cold weather (cause) fingernails to grow faster. 6 through our body, so laughter is good for our hearts. blood go 3. The average person ( fall) asleep in seven minutes. 4. Salt water ( freeze) at the same temperature as freshwater. 4 CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 5 5. Our noses ( grow) longer as we age. 6. Our feet (become) smaller as we age. 7. Red blood cells in our body (divide) right now. 8. On average, a person (blink ) more than 20,000 times a day. 9. Honey (spoil) 10. A cat (use) its whiskers for hunting. 11. The earth (revolve) around the moon right now. 12. The earth ( get) warmer according to scientists. EXERCISE 11 > Reading and grammar. (Charts 1-1 and 1-2) Choose the correct completions. Tornadoes Tornadoes occur / are occurring in most areas of the world. However, the plains of the 1 United States have / are having the most. (Plains are large areas of flat land with 2 few trees.) Tornado Alley, a frequent area for tornadoes, stretches / is stretching from Texas to North Dakota. Because tornadoes form / are forming over flat areas of land, they are not / do not so common in the mountains. Cold air meets / is meeting warm 6 air, usually in a thunderstorm. The winds make / are making a spiral or funnel cloud that 5 sometimes reaches 320 miles per hour. They pick up / are picking up cars, trees, and houses. 00 Sometimes this debris flies / is flying for miles. Strong tornadoes cause / are causing a lot 10 of damage. Surprisingly, the funnel cloud doesn't last / isn't lasting long, usually less than = ten minutes. Right now a tornado forms / is forming 12 over the plains. People seek / are seeking 13 shelter in underground areas such as basements. Several storm chasers get / are getting ready to follow the tornado and collect data. They listen / are listening to weather radios for 15 storm updates. Are you / Do you familiar with tornadoes? 16 Are you / Do you have tornadoes in your area? 17 disagree doubt mean recognize remember suppose appreciate care about please prefer dislike fear hate mind belong possess own consist of contain hear sound agree promise desire need exist matter seem look like amaze resemble surprise understand want wish (c) I think that your cousin is very nice. (d) I'm thinking about my trip to Rome. Some verbs, like think, have both non-progressive meanings and progressive meanings. In (c): think means "believe." In (d): am thinking means "thoughts are going around in my mind right now." Common Verbs with Both Non-Progressive and Progressive Meanings (like think) NON-PROGRESSIVE PROGRESSIVE look It looks cold outside. Olga is looking out the window. appear Jack appears to be tired today. She's appearing on a TV show today. think I think that Mr. Liu is a good teacher. I'm thinking about my family right now. feel I feel that Mr. Liu is a good teacher. I'm feeling a little tired today. have I have a bike. I'm having a good time. see Do you see that bird? The doctor is seeing a patient right now. The chef is tasting the soup. taste The soup tastes salty. smell Something smells bad. What is it? love Ken loves his baby daughter. Ann is smelling the perfume to see if she wants to buy it. Ken is enjoying parenthood. In fact, he's loving it! Al is ill but won't see a doctor. He is being foolish." be Mary is old and wise. *Amlislare being + an adjective describes temporary behavior. In the example, Al is usually not foolish, but right now he is acting that way. 6 CHAPTER 1 EXERCISE 12 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-3) Choose the correct completions. 1. The chef is in his kitchen right now. He a. cooks b. is cooking 2. He some soup. a. tastes b. is tasting too salty. a. tastes b. is tasting 4. He. _it. a. doesn't like b. isn't liking 1-3 Verbs Not Usually Used in the Progressive (Stative Verbs) (a) I know your cousin. (b) INCORRECT: I-am-lenewing your cousin. Some verbs, like know, are stative or non-progressive. They describe states, not actions, and are rarely used in progressive tenses. ("States" are conditions or situations that exist.) Common Verbs That Are Usually Non-Progressive (like know) know believe like Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 7 EXERCISE 13 > Reading, grammar, and speaking. (Charts 1-1 -+ 1-3) Part I. Read the paragraph. Underline the verbs that are generally non-progressive. Then write the correct verb endings in the list of benefits: - s, -es, or -ies. Write Ø for no ending. A Summer Internship Lilly wants to get a job as a restaurant chef. Her culinary arts instructor believes a summer internship at a major restaurant is a good idea. Interns work for free or for a low wage, but they understand that they are receiving valuable experience in return. Some schools offer credit for an internship, and some companies hire their interns when the internship is over. Following are other benefits: 1. An internship apply __ classroom knowledge to real-world work experience. 2. It provide __ on-the-job training. 3. It teach __ important workplace habits (e.g., being on time) and workplace etiquette (how to behave at a company). 4. Interns learn __ about various jobs and opportunities within a company. 5. It give __ students the chance to network with employees. 6. The job experience look __ good on a résumé. Part II. Find information about a volunteer organization that interests you. It could be a club at your school, a group in your community, a world organization, etc. Make a list of the ways it is helpful. Write 5-7 sentences and present them to the class. Title your list: Benefits of EXERCISE 14 > Let's talk. (Chart 1-3) Discuss the differences in meaning of the italicized verbs in each group of sentences. Work in pairs, in small groups, or as a class. At the Park 1. a. These flowers smell good. b. Jane is smelling the flowers. 2. a. I think this park is beautiful. b. I need to relax. I am thinking about all the homework I have. 3. a. You look cold. I'll lend you my coat. b. I'm looking at the sky. A storm is coming. 4. a. I see a colorful kite. It's over there. b. Alex is coming later. He is seeing a doctor about his headaches. c. Jack and Ann come here every weekend. They are seeing each other. 5. a. I remember my first time here. Do you remember yours? b. I'm remembering a family picnic here with my cousins. It's a happy memory. 6. a. The children want a snack. They're hungry. b. The children are being awfully quiet. What are they doing? 8 CHAPTER 1 7. a. Every weekend there is an outdoor play here. Some of my friends are appearing in it. b. There is a man coming toward us. He's smiling. He appears to know us. 8. a. Gabriel is being rude. He's just sitting there, not talking to anyone. b. No, he isn't rude. He's just shy. 9. a. The baby is feeling the grass. b. The grass feels soft. c. I need to sit down. I'm not feeling well right now. d. I feel that it is important to take care of our parks. EXERCISE 15 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-3) Choose the correct completions. 1. This isn't my book. It __ to Mai. a. belongs b. is belonging 4. Olga is smiling. She _a good time. a. has b. is having 2. Ask Ahmed for your book. He. a. has b. is having 5. Relax. Everything is OK. I __ you. a. believe b. am believing 3. Your book is over there. Ahmed a. holds b. is holding it. 6. My computer says my file no longer a. exists b. is existing EXERCISE 16 > Let's talk. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) With a partner, choose one of the pictures and complete the related conversation. Then practice your conversation and perform it for the class. You can look at your book before you speak. When you speak, look at your partner. 1. A: Mmmm. That looks 2. A: You look B: Thanks. It's fresh out of the oven. B: I am. A: Is it __? A: What's B: Yes. And it's my own recipe. Would you B: I A: You need to A: Wow! It tastes B: B: I know, but I have too much/many. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 9 EXERCISE 17 > Looking at grammar. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) Choose the correct completions. 1. A: What are you looking / do you look at? B: You! You look / are looking like your father. A: Are you thinking / Do you think so? Many people tell me I am resembling / resemble my mother. B: I see / am seeing your father's face when I look at you. 2. A: Why are mosquitos existing / do mosquitos exist? B: I know / am knowing one reason: they are a food source for other animals. 3. Right now I sit / am sitting in the cafeteria. Yoko texts / is texting. Ming is opening / opens his lunch. Jae is taking / takes a bite of his sandwich. Ali is staring / stares off into space. He seems / is seeming to be daydreaming, but perhaps he thinks / is thinking about the test next hour. What do you think / are you thinking Ali is doing / does? EXERCISE 18 > Grammar and listening. (Charts 1-1 -+ 1-3) Complete the sentences with the given verbs. Then listen to the forecast and check your answers. Weather Report Hello, this is Gayle Givens, your WWKK weather reporter. Well, it certainly (be) a beautiful day today. I (stand) here at City Park and boy,* the sun sure (shine) Hundreds of people (enjoy) the warmer temperatures today. There (be) not a cloud in the sky. We (look) at a perfect day right now, but it (look) 2. Martha is in science class. The chemistry experiment she (do) is dangerous, so right now she (be) very careful. She (want, not) to spill any of the chemical. She (be, always) careful when she does a chemistry experiment. 3. Right now I (look) at Nicole. She (look) angry. I wonder what's the matter. She (have) a frown on her face. She certainly (have, not) any fun right now. 4. A: How (you, like) the soup? (it, need) more garlic? B: No, it (taste) delicious. It (remind) me of my mom's soup. EXERCISE 20 > Reading and writing. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) Part I. Read the review of the movie. Underline the verbs. What verb tense is used to describe the action? Do you know these words? - unjustly - accuse - marshall - VOW - dam The Fugitive The Fugitive is an action-packed, - pharmaceutical edge-of-your-seat movie. The police unjustly accuse Dr. Richard - suspenseful Kimball, the main character, of his wife's murder. A court finds him guilty and sentences him to death. On the way to jail, the prison bus crashes and Kimball escapes. A U.S. marshall, Samuel Gerard, vows to catch Kimball. Several times he almost succeeds, but Kimball stays one step ahead of Gerard. In one incredible scene, Kimball jumps from the top of a dam into a river to escape. Kimball doesn't want Gerard to catch him, but he also wants to solve the murder of his wife. His search for answers takes him to Chicago. He finds upsetting information about a friend and the friend's work with a pharmaceutical company. After many suspenseful scenes, Kimball finds the real killers and leads Gerard to them. Part II. Action in stories (books, movies, TV shows, etc.) is often told in the simple present tense. Find a movie you like. In simple English, tell what happens, give details about the movie, and tell how it ends. Here are some possible ways to begin: · __ is an inspiring/exciting/funny/etc., movie. (The main character) ... · A dramatic/suspenseful/exciting movie is . In this movie, ... . (The name of the movie) is about __. In this movie, ... Part III. Edit your paragraph. Underline the verbs. Did you use present tense? Check for the correct use of the third person -s/-es/-ies endings. 2 3 4 5 THE FUGITIVE 6 like some clouds (form) 7 air (move) in. We ( forecast) 8 over the ocean and colder cooler 9 10 rain (be) temperatures for tomorrow. I (think) 11 unlikely, 12 however. Stay tuned for the three-day forecast right after this message. EXERCISE 19 > Looking at grammar. (Charts 1-1 -> 1-3) Complete the sentences. Use the simple present or the present progressive of the verbs in parentheses. 1. Look! It (begin) Is beginning to rain. Unfortunately, I (have, not ** ) an umbrella with me. I (own, not) an umbrella. Spiro is lucky. He (wear) a raincoat. I (wear) a waterproof hat on rainy days. *Boy is an exclamation to express a strong feeling; similar to toot. ** A form of do is usually used in the negative when the main verb is have, especially in American English (AmE) but also commonly in British English (BrE): I don't have a car. Using have without a form of do is also possible but less common: I haven't a car. 10 CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 11 EXERCISE 21 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-4) Ask another classmate these questions. Share your answers with the class. Find out the most common answers. 1. In what century did your great-grandparents live? They lived in the . 2. Where did they grow up? They grew up in (city/country) century. 1-4 Simple Past Tense (a) It snowed* yesterday. (b) Tom watched TV last night. At one particular time in the past, this happened. It began and ended in the past. Most simple past verbs add -ed, as in (a) and (b). (c) Jack went to work early. (d) I came to work late. (e) We saw a great movie last night. Some verbs have irregular past tense forms, as in (c). (d), and (e). NOTE: See Appendix Chart E-9 for a list of irregular verb forms. (f) Emily was at the office this morning. (g) You were tired yesterday. The simple past forms of be are was and were, as in (f) and (g). (h) Andrew caught the ball, ran down the field, and scored a point. Note that in a series of actions, the verbs are the same tense, as in (h). INCORRECT: Andrew caught the ball, is-running down the field, and seere a point. Regular Verb Forms AFFIRMATIVE 13 NEGATIVE QUESTION 1 You He, She, It We They helped . did not help. Did Did Did Did 1 you he, she, it we they help? Irregular Verb Forms AFFIRMATIVE 1 You He, She, It We They Dic NEGATIVE QUESTION 1 - 1 You He, She, It ate. You He, She, It We They Did Did Did he, she, it Did we they 1 you eat? PARTNER A: (book closed) PARTNER B: (book open) We They did not eat. Did 1. have a great trip? 2. come back feeling rested? 3. meet all your cousins? 4. hang out with* local people? 5. do a lot of tourist activities? 8. speak a little Greek? 9. eat in typical Greek restaurants? 10. lie on the beach? 11. buy some Greek sandals? 12. bring me a souvenir? 6. excited to be there? 7. spend time in museums? Be Verb Forms AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE QUESTION I, He, She, It You, We, They was were here. here. I. He, She, It You, We, They was not were not here. here. Was Were I, he, she, it you, we, they here? here? *See Appendix Chart E-5 for information about final -ed pronunciation. 12 CHAPTER 1 EXERCISE 22 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-4) Complete the sentences with the correct simple past form of the verb. An Online Order 1. Anders (order) printer ink online last Monday. 2. The next morning he (realize) colored ink too. he (need) 3. He (try) to call the company to add more, but no one (answer) , and there (be) no voicemail. 4. Anders (worry) that the website (be) fake. 5. He (email) the company and (explain) his situation. 6. The manager (respond) a few hours later and (fix) the order quickly. 7. Anders (relax) email from the company. when he (receive) a confirmation EXERCISE 23 > Let's talk: pairwork. (Chart 1-4) Take turns asking and answering questions. You can answer yes or no. SITUATION: You just came back from a vacation in Greece. Your friend is asking you questions. Examples: fly back last night? PARTNER A: Did you fly back last night? PARTNER B: Yes, I flew back last night. happy to see your cousins? PARTNER A: Were you happy to see your cousins? PARTNER B: Yes, I was happy to see my cousins. PARTNER A: (book open) PARTNER B: (book closed) 13. take a lot of photos? 14. sad to leave Greece? *hang out with = spend time with Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 13 EXERCISE 24 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-4) Complete the sentences with the correct forms of verbs that make sense. More than one verb may be appropriate. Some answers are negative. SITUATION 1: Maria visited a friend at the hospital. A woman in the elevator had a cold and sneezed several times. The next day, ... ache eat feel have leave make schedule speak to take wake up 1. Maria in the morning with a fever and headache. well. 6. a picture. 7. my hand. 8. the washing machine? 9. at the sad ending. 10. over the fence. from math class. some money from the bank. some rice. these jeans? the actors. very quickly. was cooking. my shirt? when the play finished. in a sunny spot. EXERCISE 26 > Reading and grammar. (Chart 1-4) Part I. Read the passage. Underline the past tense verbs. AN INCREDIBLE FEAT In 2011, at the age of 100, Fauja Singh did something incredible: he ran a 26-mile (42 km.) marathon! He was the first 100-year-old to ever run a marathon. Singh decided he wanted to compete in races when he saw a marathon race on TV. He was 89! He didn't know much about training and showed up for his first session in a suit and tie. Originally from India, Singh moved to England in the 1990s after his wife and son died. At the time, he said he felt more dead than alive. He was very depressed and later believed that long-distance running saved him. He competed in his first marathon in London at the age of 89. He prepared for it in only ten weeks. His best time was at the 2003 Toronto Waterfront Marathon. He ran it in five hours and 40 minutes. Singh became world-famous and even carried the Olympic torch in 2012. In 2013, he decided to retire from long- distance running and completed his last marathon in Hong Kong. Do you know these words? - feat - show up - marathon - session - compete - retire - training 2. She 3. Her entire* body 4. She her temperature with a thermometer. 5. She a high fever. 6. She the house all day. 7. She a few spoonfuls of chicken soup. 8. She the nurse at the doctor's office. 9. She an appointment for the following day. SITUATION 2: Professor Moore is our new math teacher. He is very hard to follow. Yesterday, he ... confuse fill introduce leave speak 10. too fast. FLORA Running in the London Marathon, 2004 Part II. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the box. Cover the reading. be / become carry feel leave retire run wear 11. the material to us quickly. 12. the board with examples. 13. time for questions, unfortunately. 14. everyone in the class. EXERCISE 25 > Listening. (Chart 1-4) Listen to the beginning of each sentence. Circle the correct completion(s). More than one completion may be possible. 1. happy. HAN good about my decision. on some ice. 1. Fauja Singh became a marathon runner when he was depressed. 2. two classes. about his wife. at night. 2. He a suit and tie to his first training. 3. He India after the death of his wife and son. 4. At the age of 89, he his first marathon. 5. Before he began training, he said he more dead than alive. 6. His best running time five hours and 40 minutes. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 15 3. the car with gas? sick? OK? several faces. for several hours. 4. with colored pencils. 5. in the woods. some money. the rain. *entire = whole 14 CHAPTER 1 7. He the Olympic torch in 2012. 8. He from marathon running in 2013. EXERCISE 27 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-5) Write the sentence (a. or b.) that correctly describes each scene. a. Rita was standing under a tree when it began to rain. b. Rita stood under a tree when it began to rain. 1st: It began to rain. 2nd: Rita stood under a tree. 1. 1st: Rita stood under a tree. 2nd: It began to rain. 2. 1-5 Simple Past vs. Past Progressive SIMPLE PAST (a) I walked to school yesterday. (b) John lived in Paris for ten years, but now he lives in Rome. (c) I bought a new car three days ago. (d) Rita stood under a tree when it began to rain. If a sentence contains when and has the simple past in both clauses, the action in the when-clause happens first. In (d): 1st: The rain began. 2nd: Rita stood under a tree. 16 CHAPTER 1 PAST PROGRESSIVE (g) I was walking down the street when it began to rain. (h) While I was walking down the street, it began to rain. (i) Rita was standing under a tree when it began to rain. (i) At eight o'clock last night, I was studying. (k) While I was studying in one room of our apartment, my roommate was having a party in the other room. In (g): 1st: I was walking down the street. 2nd: It began to rain. Both actions occurred at the same time, but one action began earlier and was in progress when the other action occurred. In (j): My studying began before 8:00, was in progress at that time, and probably continued. Sometimes the past progressive is used in both parts of a sentence when two actions are in progress simultaneously. EXERCISE 28 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-5) Write "1" before the action that started first. Write "2" before the action that started second. A Stormy Walk Home 1. Hi Mom. I was leaving you a voicemail when you picked up .* a. 1 I was leaving you a voicemail. b. _ 2 You picked up. 2. I had a terrible walk home. When the storm started, I was coming home from work. a. The storm started. b. I was coming home. 3. A painter next door was climbing a ladder when lightning hit the house. a. A painter was climbing a ladder. b. Lightning hit the house. 4. I heard him yell while I was running for cover. a. I heard him yell. b. __ I was running for cover. 5. He fell off the ladder when he saw the flash. Fortunately he's OK. a. He fell off the ladder. He saw the flash. *pick up (the phone) = answer the phone Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 17 * (e) When Mrs. Chu heard a strange noise, she got up to investigate. (f) When I dropped my cup, the coffee spilled on my lap. The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past. EXERCISE 29 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-5) Complete the sentences. Use the simple past or the past progressive of the verbs in parentheses. Last Night 1. Between 5:00 and 7:00 P.M, I (sit) was sitting in class. I had a lot of things on my mind. I (think) about some family issues. I (listen, not) to the teacher. 2. It was a beautiful evening when I walked home. The moon (shine) over the water, and a warm breeze (blow) 3. I (stop) by a friend's apartment, but he (be, not) home. He (sit) in heavy traffic. He (get, not) home until 10:00. 4. My neighbors (argue) about something when I (walk) by them outside my apartment building. 5. A package (wait) for me at home. I (open) it and (find) an early birthday present. 6. While I (read) to my nephew, he ( fall) asleep, so I (cover) him up and (sneak) out of the room. EXERCISE 30 > Let's talk. (Chart 1-5) Choose the question or statement you would expect the speaker to say. Discuss your answers. Work in pairs, in small groups, or as a class. 1. When I went to bed late last night, I noticed that the light was on in your bedroom. a. Were you reading? b. Did you read? 2. Jane's cousin was at the party last night. a. Were you meeting him? b. Did you meet him? 3. A small airplane flew over our house several times last night. a. We were sitting out on the patio, and it made us nervous. b. We sat out on the patio, and it made us nervous. 4. I'm not sure if I met Carol Jones at the party last night. Describe her for me. a. What was she wearing? b. What did she wear? EXERCISE 31 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-5) With a partner, take turns asking and answering the questions. Choose all the expected answers. 1. What were you doing at 5:00 A.M .? 1. a. I was sleeping. b. I dreamed. C. I was lying in bed. car illegally. 3. ask / decide / look / see / work A: How did it go? (you) the manager for a raise when you 2. What did you do when you got home last night? 2. a. I was cooking dinner. b. I made dinner. c. I fixed dinner. 18 CHAPTER 1 3. What were you thinking about? 3. a. I was thinking about all the things I need to do today. b. I was thinking about my family. c. I was remembering my wedding day. 4. What did your mom like best about her vacation? 4. a. She was liking the beach. b. She enjoyed the warm weather. c. She was enjoying the swimming pool. 5. Who were you texting just now? 5. a. I text my mom. b. I am telling my manager I'm sick. c. I was texting a friend. 6. What did your friend make for breakfast? 6. a. He had eggs and coffee. b. He was having rice. c. He was making toast and tea. 7. Where did you live when you were younger? 7. a. We lived in this town for a while. b. We moved around a lot. c. We were moving from town to town. 8. Where were you going when I called you? 8. a. I was walking to the bus. b. I went to the bus stop. c. I was heading* downtown. *heading = going EXERCISE 32 > Grammar and speaking. (Chart 1-5) Work with a partner. Complete the sentences with the given verbs and the words in parentheses. Use the simple past or the past progressive. Practice one of the conversations and perform it for the class or a small group. You can look at your book before you speak. When you speak, look at your partner. 1. break / cross / slip A: How (you) your arm? B: I on the ice while I the street in front of the dorm. 2. find / look / park A: You're a half-hour late. Where were you? B: I for a place to park. A: (you) one? B: Well, yes and no. I my her yesterday? B: No, she on a big presentation for next week. She pretty busy. I to wait until later. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 19 4. want | miss / be / give A: (you) B: No, I in the meeting? the bus and (not) to walk into the room while Dr. Romero his speech. 5. drive / get | happen | keep | pay | see A: I had a bad day yesterday. B: Oh? What ? A: I a traffic ticket. B: Really? That's too bad. What was it for? A: For running a red light. I home and (not) attention to the road. I (not) the red light and just driving. EXERCISE 33 > Listening. (Chart 1-5) Part I. Anna had a scary experience last night. Listen to her story with your book closed. Then open your book and listen to the statements. Circle "T" for true and "F" for false. 1. TI 2. T F 3. T F 4. T F 5. T F 6. T F Part II. Listen again. Complete the sentences with the verbs you hear. A Scary Night I a terrible experience last night. You won't 1 believe what happened! A man into my apartment 2 while I was asleep. There I was, just sleeping peacefully when someone the glass in the sliding door! 3 no 1-6 Unfulfilled Intentions: Was / Were Going To (a) Jack was going to go to the movie last night, but he changed his mind. Was / were going to talk about past intentions. Usually, these are unfulfilled intentions, i.e., activities someone intended to do but did not do. The meaning in (a): Jack was planning to go to the movie, but he didn't go. (b) I was planning to go, but I didn't. I was hoping to go, but I couldn't. I was intending to go, but I didn't. I was thinking about going, but I didn't. Other ways of expressing unfulfilled intentions are to use plan, hope, intend, and think about in the past progressive, as in (b). EXERCISE 35 > Looking at grammar. (Chart 1-6) Choose all the sentences that are true about the given sentence. 1. I was going to pay you back for the taxi. a. I paid you back. b. I was planning to pay you back. c. I didn't pay you back. 2. I was going to stay home on my day off, but I had too much work at the office. a. I was intending to stay home. b. I worked at the office. c. I had a lot of work, but I stayed home. 3. Jared was going to the hospital to see his mother when he began to feel ill. a. Jared was on his way to the hospital. b. Jared had plans to see his mother but needed to change them. c. Jared didn't go to the hospital. 4. My dad was going to surprise my mom with jewelry for her birthday. a. He wanted to give her jewelry. b. He gave her some jewelry. c. He didn't surprise her with jewelry. 5. I was going to the train station when I remembered your phone call. a. I was planning to go to the train station, but I didn't. b. I was on my way to the train station. c. I didn't go to the train station. Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 21 The sound me up. I the 4 5 sliding door open, so I reached for the phone by the bed and called the as I told the operator there was an intruder in my home. police. My voice 6 I in my bedroom closet when the burglar into my 7 room. Soon I sirens as the police 8 to my building. From the crack in the closet door, I the burglar as he 12 outside with my laptop. The police jumped out of their cars and followed him, but he managed to get away in a car that was waiting for him. The police back in their cars and drove after him. 13 Later I learned that they him a few miles from my building. I really frightened by all this. It really 15 16 me, as you can imagine. I'm staying at my sister's house for the rest of the week. 20 CHAPTER 1 EXERCISE 34 > Warm-up. (Chart 1-6) Circle yes if the speaker is expressing an intention or plan; circle no if not. 1. I am going to call you at 9:00 tomorrow. yes no 2. I was going to call you, but I couldn't find your phone number. yes no 3. I was going to class when I ran into a friend from my childhood. yes no 4. I was planning to go to college right after high school but yes then decided to work for a year first. 9 10 11 EXERCISE 36 > Writing or speaking. (Chart 1-6) Take turns completing the sentences. Work in pairs or small groups. Share some of your answers with the class. 1. I was going to get up early this morning, but 2. I was planning to visit you this weekend, but 3. I was going to call you on your birthday, but 4. We were hoping to see that movie in a theater, but 5. I was going to text you, but 6. We were going to invite Thomas to go out to dinner with us, but 7. I was going to replace my computer with a tablet, but. EXERCISE 37 > Check your knowledge. (Chapter 1 Review) Correct the errors. 1. Breakfast is an important meal. I'm always eat a big breakfast. 2. While I was working in my office yesterday, my cousin stops by to visit me. 3. Yuki staied home because she catched a bad cold. 4. My brother is looks like our father, but I am resembling my mother. 5. Jun, are you listen to me? I am talk to you! 6. While I was surfing the Internet yesterday, I was finding a really interesting website. 7. Did you spoke English before you were come here? 8. I am not agree with your opinion. 9. My roommate usually watch television, listen to music, or going out in the evening. 10. Right now Sally in the kitchen eating breakfast. 11. While I'm driving home last night, I heared a strange noise in the engine. 12. Why you talking about me? I'm not appreciate that. 13. Yesterday, while I was sitting at my computer, Shelley was suddenly coming into the room. I wasn't knowing she was there. I was concentrate hard on my work. When she suddenly speak, I am jump. She startle me. EXERCISE 38 > Reading and writing. (Chapter 1) Part I. Read the journal entry. Underline the past tense verbs. Do you know these words? A Hopeful Beginning - somewhat - embarrassed - Syllabus - interrupt Today was my first day at the university, and I was late for class. I didn't remember the name of the building and went to the wrong one. After about ten minutes of confusion, I finally found the right class and walked in somewhat embarrassed. A girl with a friendly smile moved her books off the chair next to her. I sat down. The professor was going over the syllabus. I didn't have a copy, but I didn't want to interrupt him. The girl next to me shared hers. The course looked interesting but difficult. I wondered if all my classes had this much work. Then the teacher announced study groups. My new friend and I were in the same group. She introduced herself during the break, and I felt very comfortable when I spoke with her. Maybe the class is going to be OK after all. Part II. Write a journal entry about your experience in a class on your first day of school. 1. Begin with It was my first day at the university I in high school / in English class / etc. 2. What was the teacher doing when you walked in? What were other students doing? 3. Did you notice anyone or anything special? 4. How did you feel? 5. What were your first impressions about the class and what were your thoughts later? WRITING TIP It is important to consider your first piece of writing a draft, not your finished copy. When you begin to write, jot down ideas first and then sentences. As you write your paragraph, you can always change, reorder, or delete ideas. After you finish the paragraph, edit it carefully. Correct any errors in your next draft. Then read it again and make additional changes or rewrite if necessary. You might need to do this a few more times. It may sound like a long process, but your writing will be much better. Part III. Edit your writing. Check for the following: 1. indented paragraph 2. use of the simple past for an activity that began and ended at a particular time in the past 3. use of the past progressive for an activity in progress in the past 4. correct spelling (use a dictionary or spell-check) Fluency Practice. Work with a partner. Take three minutes to tell your partner about your experience on the first day of school. Then describe your experience to another student in two minutes. Finally, take one minute to describe your experience to a third student. Did the final time you spoke feel more comfortable and easier than the first time? 22 CHAPTER 1 Present and Past; Simple and Progressive 23See Answer
Q19:1.Say whether the underlined nouns in the following examples have a count or a non-count interpretation. In each case, construct another example in which noun has opposite interpretation. See Answer
Q20:2. Are the underlined NPs below definite or indefinite? Give reasons for your answers. See Answer

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