Complex Sentences Assignment:

6.1 Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined word in each sentence with a phrasal verb from A. Note that both versions of each sentence are equally appropriate. 1 We conducted a series of experiments to test out our hypothesis. 2 Before the test you should revise Chapters 7 and 8 of your textbooks. 3 In his article on the American Civil War Kingston discusses the reasons why the situation developed in the way it did. 4 Cole presents some fascinating theories on the development of language in his latest book. 5 The psychologist observed that it was very unusual for a young child to behave in this way. 6 Please check your work again carefully before handing it in. 7 In this article Simpson aims to prove that the Chinese reached America long before the Vikings. 8 Women now constitute over half the student population in most universities in this country. 6.2 Fill in the missing words in this paragraph. As part of my MA I've been doing some research on language acquisition. I've been working (1)________ how young children learn their mother tongue. I've been. carrying (2)_____some experiments to see how much reading to young children affects their language development. I've had a great supervisor who has helped me set (3)________my experiments and she's also pointed (4).__________ lots of interesting things in my data that I hadn't noticed myself. I'm busy writing my work (5)_______ now and I think I should be able to put (6).___________some useful ideas. It's been really fascinating and I hope I may be able to go (7).________ to do a doctorate in the same field although I certainly never set (8)_________ to do a PhD. 6.3 Match the beginning of each sentence with the most appropriate ending. 1 Feudal society was made forward a convincing theory with regard to this question. 2 Carlson was the first to put up the flaws in the school's testing methods. 3 Her results appear to go out the solution to the algebra problem. 4 The investigation pointed out a lot of basic information about all the world's 5 It took him a long time to work countries. against what she had found in her earlier studies. 6 The geography book set up of clearly defined classes of people. 6.4 Answer these questions. 1 What sort of things might a scientist carry out? 2 If you want to study something in more depth, what might you go on to do after getting a first degree? 3 What do postgraduate students typically have to write up at the end of their studies? 4 What sort of things do good students regularly look back over? 5 What sorts of things do scholars typically put forward in their lectures or articles? 6 Why is it sensible to go through any maths calculations that you had to make as part of a research study before you draw any conclusions?

7.1 Complete the sentences using the correct forms of the words in italics. 1 In a______ number of cases, there was no reaction at all to the drug. surprise 2 The analysis demanded an__________amount of computer time. exceed 3__________ numbers of birds inhabit the lake during the winter. consider 4 The course requires a___________ amount of prior knowledge of computers. reason 5. The survey took a__________ amount of research time and costs were high. substance 6 The two dams can hold in______ of two cubic kilometres of water. exceed 7 In________ , 12 areas of the Southern Indian Ocean are now closed to deep-sea fishing. totality 8 Groups______ four people were considered too large for the experiment. exceed 9 No________ than 2,000 new computer viruses are created every year. few 10 In a________number of cases, surface damage was noticed. signify 7.2 The sentences below are typical of spoken English. Replace the underlined words to make them sound more appropriate for a written assignment. 1 The bulk of our work is concerned with carbon emissions. 2 We have noticed that fewer and fewer students are joining the course. 3 Our team spent a fair amount of time getting funding for the research. 4 In a couple of cases, we could not find any reason for the outbreak. 5 We spent a great deal of time on the project. 6 As you repeat the experiment, use less and less water each time. 7.3 Read the text and answer the questions. For some years now, scientists have been using a powerful new machine to recreate the conditions that existed at the birth of the universe. The machine generates a massive number of hot, dense, bursts of matter and energy, simulating what happened in the first few microseconds of the beginning of the universe. After no more than ten microseconds, the particles of matter joined together, like water freezing into ice, forming the origin of more or less everything we see in the universe today. 1 Which expression explains how long scientists have been using this machine? 2 Which expression tells us how many bursts of matter and energy the machine generates? 3 Which time period does the machine simulate? 4 Which expression states how long it was before the particles of matter joined together? 5 Which expression in the last sentence means approximately? 7.4 Rewrite the paragraph using the opposites of the underlined words or expressions. There have been a small number of studies investigating the impact of email on interpersonal communications. None of the studies has been large-scale but they suggest some interesting trends in patterns of email use. From one of the older studies it seems that more and more people send in excess of 50 emails daily. Moreover, it appears that a substantial number of senior citizens use email a lot more frequently than younger people do.

7. According to the passage, the Sumerians first began writing to — A. tell stories about their history B. send waming messages to travelers C. establish the laws of their government D. keep track of things such as animals 8. According to the passage, a rock picture in New Mexico showed an upside down- A. pair of deer B. herd of cattle C. horse and rider D. mountain goat 9. The underlined pronoun "they" in the 5* paragraph refers to - A. proper names B. Chinese people C. new words D. thousands of signs 10. According to the passage, the main way of communication before writing was - A. drawings B. alphabets C. symbols D. pictures True OR False; Write (D) if the answer is true and (F) if the answer is false. 11. According to paragraph 2, people in ancient Egypt don't have any role in writing development. .__________ 12. According to paragraph 1, written documents are very important to governments to keep their laws. ____ 13. According to paragraph 4, the modern forms of writing started when people used letters and words to express their ideas .__________ 14. The closest in meaning to the underlined word (occurred) in paragraph 4 is (happened).__________

(WRITE) 1. Sally looks worried. She MUST HAVE/MUST HAVE HAD a problem with something (HAVE). 2. Bob CAN'T BE / CAN'T HAVE BEEN at school because I haven't seen him all day (BE). 3. I COULD HAVE LENT you the money. Why didn't you ask me (LEND) 4. Mr Travis hasn't come to work yet. He has never been late for work. He MUST HAVE MISSED the bus (MISS). 5. She knew everything about our plans. She MUST HAVE LISTENED to our conversation (LISTEN) 6. A: Will you come to my birthday party tomorrow afternoon? B: I'm sorry but I CAN'T COME because I have to look after my sister. (COME) 7. Timmy is a very good boy. He isn't naughty, so he CAN'T HAVE BROKEN that window. Somebody else MUST HAVE BROKEN it (BREAK 2X) 8. The street is wet this morning. I'm not sure but it COULD/MAY/MIGHT HAVE RAINED last night (RAIN). 9. She COULD SING like an angel when she was a child (SING) 10. A: I talked to your science teacher yesterday. B: You CAN'T HAVE TALKED to her because she wasn't at school yesterday. (TALK) 11. Mrs. White bought a new fur coat! - She MUST HAVE WON the lottery (WIN). 12. He came home alone yesterday. You SHOULDN'T HAVE LET him do that; he MIGHT HAVE GOT lost. (LET, GET) 13. He read the message, but he COULDN'T UNDERSTAND it (UNDERSTAND) 14. The singer has got a sore throat so she CAN'T SING at the concert (SING) 15. It MAY/MIGHT HAVE BEEN Jack I saw in the park yesterday, but I'm not sure about it (BE). 16. We can't wait any longer. Something MUST BE DONE at once (DO). 17. Everyone shouted in fear. They MUST HAVE BEEN very afraid (BE). 18. A: I'm afraid Ted is watching TV again. B: He CAN'T BE WATCHING TV because his room is completely silent and dark. He MUST BE SLEEPING. (WATCH, SLEEP) 19. I can't find my book. I MUST HAVE LEFT IT on the bus (LEAVE) 20. You were stupid to go skiing here. You COULD HAVE BROKEN a leg (BREAK) 21. He looked so tired when I saw him. He MUST HAVE WORKED so hard (WORK) 22. Tom COULDN'T HAVE WRITTEN this because it is in French because Tom doesn't know French. (WRITE)

1.Say whether the underlined nouns in the following examples have a count or a non-count interpretation. In each case, construct another example in which noun has opposite interpretation.

Run-On Sentences 1. My mother and father and sister are coming to dinner tonight. 2. I like learning English it makes me tired. I don't like learning English because it makes me tired 3. My sister was taller than me when we were young now I am the tallest it is fun My sister was taller than me when we were young, but now I am the tallest it is fun 4. I love school, I love learning, my teacher is nice. 5. I don't want much for Christmas just some chocolates and a little toy car. 6. Blue is my favorite color it is the color of the sky and the sea and it reminds me of my favorite insect which is the butterfly. 7. When I get older I want to have a big family I like big families. 8. We usually leave at 11:00 but today is different we are leaving at 10:30. 9. I like Tuesdays and Wednesdays and I like Fridays because the weekend starts on Friday. 10. We should get moving there's no time to waste.

Ex. 1 The following examples have non-verbal clausal negation, construct equivalent examples with verbal negation. 1. He had told neither the boss nor her secretary. 2. They were impressed by none of the candidates. 3. We have nowhere to hide. 4. I saw no one on the road. 5. We're taking neither of them with us.

Complex Sentences Assignment: • Write 5 complex sentences using different time subordinators: o As Before Since When • While Write 2 complex sentences using different reason subordinators: As Because Since Write 2 complex sentences using the following conditional subordinators: olf Unless Write a complex sentence using the following purpose subordinator: So that Write 2 complex sentences using the following contrast subordinators: Although • While

A. Combine each pair of sentences using time expressions given in parentheses. 1. The boss will be in the office. We will work efficiently. (while) 2. I will come home. I will finish my work. ASSIGNMENT Section1 3. Ali will write a review. He will finish reading the book. (after) 4. I will clean my bed room. I will go to sleep. 5. The operation will begin. The patient will get ready. 2. They drive old cars. They are millionaires. 3. He failed in the chemistry exam. He studied very hard. (when) B. Combine each pair of sentences using 'because' or 'even though'. 1. Justin can make a snowman. It snowed a lot. 4. I don't like playing tennis. It is very boring. 5. They should take their umbrella. It is raining outside. (before) (as soon as)/nC. Combine sentences using coordinating and subordinating conjunctions given in parentheses. 1. She works as an artist. She has a degree in medicine. (although) 2. The sushi restaurant down the street is the best. It is very cheap. (and) 3. You can come and buy groceries with me. You can stay home until I get back. (or) 4. He was so nervous for the interview. He was excited for the opportunities. 5. Alia wants to get an A+ in the exam. She is studying very hard. 2. He is very hard working. His wife is rather lazy. D. Combine each pair of sentences using cause and effect transitions given in parentheses. 1. I have enough time. I will watch a football match. (if) 3. Politicians often tell lies. Many people believe them. (while) (so) (even though) (but)/n4. Harry has straight hair. His parents have curly hair. 5. I went to bed early. I woke up tired. (whereas) a. Underline the 'Hook'. b. Circle the 'Thesis Statement'. (despite the fact that) Section2 A. Read the introductory paragraph of an essay and answer the following questions. What effects has the computer had on our lives? The twenty-first century is already turning out to be the century of the computer. The computer revolution that started after the Second World War is now developing exponentially and computers are beginning to influence and take over nearly every aspect of our lives. Computers are clearly changing and affecting society in many ways. The two main areas in which computers have brought about a profound change in our lives are in the economic field and in the field of communications. B. Read the body paragraph of an essay and answer the following questions. The primary cause of cities becoming so crowded is economic. As a country develops, its cities become the engines of development, thus jobs are available in these areas. Frankfurt, Istanbul, Bombay and Sao Paolo are all the economic centers of their countries. For example, Tokyo was the motor for Japan's rapid economic development in the 1960's and 70's; as a result, its population increased rapidly. People moved to cities because they could find employment and establish economic security for themselves and their families there. a. Circle the 'Topic Sentence'. b. Underline the 'Supporting Details'. c. Write the 'Concluding Sentence'./nC. Read the sentences carefully. Underline the main clauses and circle the dependent clauses. 1. Some people agree with this theory; however, it's never been proven right. 2. Despite the fact that she works hard, she doesn't make much money. 3 Although he speaks seldom, he says meaningful words. 4. I won't be able to go to college unless I get good grades in chemistry. 5. Although there are many issues, Canada can resolve its economic problems.

From each group choose the correct sentence: sarah buys new york magazines every Saturday. Sarah buys New york magazines every Saturday. Sarah buys New York magazines every Saturday. Sam went to see Dr.kareem, who worked with other doctors in the clinic. Sam went to see Dr.Kareem who worked with other doctors in the clinic. sam went to see dr.kareem who worked with other doctors in the clinic. the boys just returned from kuwait from their holiday in Hong kong. The boys just returned from Kuwait from their holiday in Hong kong. The boys just returned from Kuwait from their holiday in Hong Kong. I like to watch Turkish movies all the time. I like to watch Turkish Movies all the time. I like to watch turkish movies all the time. my favorite book in school was Harry Potter. My favorite book in school was Harry Potter. My favorite book in School was Harry Potter. i was a student at Kuwait university five years ago. I was a student at Kuwait university five years ago. I was a student at Kuwait University five years ago. I am taking chemistry 143 this Course. I am taking Chemistry 143 this course. i am taking chemistry 143 this course. The house, which no one entered for years, is still beautiful. The house which no one entered for years, is still beautiful. The house, which no one entered, for years is still beautiful.