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Recently Asked Meteorology Questions
Expert help when you need it- Q1:1. What month is windiest in San Marcos? Why do you think that is?See Answer
- Q2:2. Which month has the most diverse patterns for prevailing winds? (aka, which month has winds blowing from the most directions?)See Answer
- Q3:Degrees Celsius 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 140°E 150°E 160°E 170°E 100% 180 100″E 170 W 160 W 150°W 140 W 130 W 120W 110 W 100 W 90°W Degrees Longitude 140″W Answer the following questions by typing into the text box or uploading your written answers. Use the graphs above, your knowledge from lecture, and any other reputable sources on the internet (NOAA, NASA, or NWS, for example) to answer the three questions below. Q1. Did an El Niño event occur during the winter of 2015? Q2: Using what we learned in class, what could have caused the crabs to appear along the beaches of California? Q3: What kind of evidence backs up your claim for Q1 and Q2? Include specific data and observations from the graphs & maps you observed using 3-4 sentences./nwas.txstate.edu/courses/1960908/assignments/26613066 cements ments ons S Button rations Degrees Celsius = ARRA A Degrees Celsius A X 22 R 19 125 E 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 140 E 19 Temperature at the Equator (Normal Year) 165 E 180 140 E 165 W 140″ W Degrees Longitude سیر 150 E 160°E **** *** 170°E 125 W 100 W 180 85 W ** ****** *********** ****** 70″W Degrees Celsius 31 Degrees Longitude 30 ************ 29 Observe the line graph of sea surface temperature data from December 2015 below. Notice how temperature changes along one line of latitude, in this case along the equator, during December 2015. 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 Sea Surface Temperature at the Equator, December 2015 20 19 125°E 140°E 165°E Temperature at the Equator (El Niño Year) 180 170 W 160 W 150 W 140 W 130 W 120 W 110 W 100 W 165°W 140 W 90°W 125 W 100 W 85°W 70°W/nX nts + state.edu/courses/1960908/assignments/26613066 This Activity was developed using data and scenarios from UCAR and NOAA. You can learn more about El Nino and these datasets here, but you do not need to use this website to complete the activity. Think through the scenario below and answer the questions using data and what know know about ENSO. Degrees Celsius Scenario: It's the winter of 2015. The waters along the coast of California are unusually warm. Huge numbers of pelagic red crabs that are typically common in the warmer waters off the coast of Mexico are now washing up along beaches of California. Have the warmer surface waters in California brought this sub-tropical species northward? Could these observations be the result of an El Niño Event? Your job today is to try to find out - using data. During a normal year, the temperature difference between warm water in the west and cooler water in the east is evident in the slope of the line on Temperature Plot A (on the left). During an El Niño year, the area of high temperature can be seen extending farther to the east than in a typical year, as is shown on Temperature Plot B (on the right). The temperature difference from west to east may also be smaller during an El Niño year. Temperature at the Equator (El Niño Year) 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 125 E 140 E Temperature at the Equator (Normal Year) 165 E 180 16534 Vinay 100AE Degrees Celsius 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 **** □ ✩ PSee Answer
- Q4: Surface Station Model (9 points): Plot the following weather data, from Republic Airport in Farmingdale, NY at 19:53 Z (3:53 PM EDT) on 03 May 2001, onto the surface station model below. Temperature (T) = 82°F Dew Point Temperature (Td) = 57°F Wind speed = 10 knots Wind direction = Northeast or 45° pressure 1020.3 mb Sea level Pressure change = 2.3 mb Pressure Tendency = SSR Visibility = 8 miles Sky Coverage Total = 0/8 Present weather = None = o Pressure Conversion (2 Points): You must show all of your work in the space provided in order to receive full credit for this problem. Round your final answer so that there is only one digit after the decimal point. Circle your final answer along with its appropriate unit. Conversion Factor: 1 in.of Hg = 33.86395 millibars Convert the pressure of 30.07 inches of mercury into millibar's: Decoding a METAR Report (1Point each): Given the following METAR report: KLGA 170851Z 18010G25KT 1/4SM +RA OVC080 07/07 A2993 RMK P0014 Use the METAR Abbreviations Table to decode the following information from the METAR report above. Be sure to include the proper unit, if necessary, as a part of your answer. Failure to write down the proper unit, when necessary, will cause you to get that problem wrong. Write the letters "N/A" if the requested information was not present in the METAR code. Leaving a question blank will cause you to get that question wrong. 1. Country in which the observation was taken 2. Location at which the observation was taken 3. Day of the month the observation was taken 4. Time of the observation in Eastern Standard Time (EST) 5. Temperature_ 6. Dew-Point Temperature_ 7. Air Pressure 8. Present Weather 9. Wind Direction 10. Sustained Wind Speed_ 11. Wind Gusts 12. Cloud Height: Low 13. Cloud Coverage: Low_ 14. Visibility 15. Amount of liquid precipitation in the last hour Middle Middle High High Code + (no symbol) ACC A02 AO1 AUTO B BKN BL BR CA CB CBMAM сс CG CIG CLR CONS DR DS DSIPTG DSNT DU DZ FC FEW FG FRQ FROPA FT FU FZ G GR GS HZ IC INCRG INTMT KT LTG M MOV N NE NW OCNL Meaning heavy intensity moderate intensity light intensity altocumulus castellans automated w/ precipitation discriminator automated w/o precipitation discriminator fully automated report began broken clouds (5/8-7/8 coverage) blowing mist cloud-air lightning cumulonimbus cloud cumulonimbus mammatus cloud-cloud lightning cloud-ground lightning ceiling clear (no clouds) continuous drifting dust storm dissipating distant widespread dust drizzle east or ended funnel cloud few clouds (0 - 2/8 coverage) fog frequent frontal passage feet smoke freezing gust hail small hail or snow pellets haze ice crystals or in-cloud lightning increasing intermittent knots lightning minus, less than moving north northeast northwest occasional Code OHD OVC OVR PCPN PE/PL PK WND PNO PO PRES PRESFR PRESRR PY RA RVR S SA SCT SE SFC SG SH SK SLP SLPNO SM SN SNINCR SP SQ SS SW TCU TS TSNO TWR UNKN UP UTC V VC VIS VR VRB VV W WND WSHFT Z Meaning overhead overcast (8/8 coverage) over precipitation ice pellets peak wind precipitation amount N/A dust/sand whirls pressure pressure falling rapidly pressure rising rapidly spray rain runway visual range south sand scattered clouds (3/8-4/8 coverage) southeast surface snow grains shower sky clear level pressure sea sea level pressure N/A statute miles snow snow increasing rapidly snow pellets squall sandstorm snow shower or southwest towering cumulus thunderstorm thunderstorm info N/A tower unknown unknown precipitation Universal Time Code variable in the vicinity visibility visual range variable vertical visibility west wind wind shift Zulu Time Isotherms (10 Points): On the following map, draw all possible isotherms as you were taught in lab. Use the proper color, proper increment and label your lines. The little black dots are the exact location of the temperature reading. If you are unable to read the temperature value please ask your instructor for clarification. 05 OCT 2000 Temperatures 48 54 64 46 38 50 34 31 25 26 47 67 24 25 18 49 26 34 28 44 20 49 54 Be 44 47 9 28 20 21 27 3 36 39 33 46 32 44 46 55 53 64 51 70 30 53 57 59 76 73 28 44 61 46 50 61 69 48 52 64 33 56 . 9 66 36 62 48 5 34 54 57 36 66 67 34 69 31 63 66 15 55 64 66 68 487 76 Z سپر Isobars (20 Points): On the following map, decode the pressure values and draw all possible isobars as you were taught in lab. Be sure you use the proper color, proper increment and label your lines. Then find and label one LOW pressure system and two HIGH pressure systems. There maybe another low in Canada, but this low is weaker and not the main low pressure system on the map. Make sure you give the high and low pressure areas their proper symbols with its appropriate color. The little black dots under each pressure value mark the exact location of the pressure reading. If you are unable to read the coded 3-digit pressure value please ask your instructor for clarification. If the pressure value only consists of two numbers then assume the last number is zero. 12 OCT 2000 221 ¹215 206 212 204 13 182 186 215 194 143 157 161 197 188 172 170 164 (65 170 158 183 162 169 171 156 147 191 158 153 154 132 134 133 141 195 150 133 119 137 102 060 972 Pressures 186 128 083 149 OYT 082 129 144 155 153 164 110 101 136 167 202 136 202 148 87 1.99 211 217 200 43 164 175 238 19 20 238 131 249 259 230 241 258 803 101 249 174 134 260 272 263 275 276 082 241 289 250¹ 123 126 247 281 296 261 252 VEI 223 238 265 254 X15 236 241 250 1,59 (70 259 204 1681 195 186 CSee Answer
- Q5:Over continental regions, the number density (n = count of particles per volume of air) of particles with radius between R-0.5AR and R+0.5AR can be approximated by: n(r) = Answer: CAR R4 for particles larger than 0.2 µm, and for small AR. Constant c depends on the total concentration of particles. This distribution, called the Junge distribution. If c=6×108 μm³ m³ calculate how many CCN there would be between 1.2 and 1.3 μm in 1 m³.See Answer
- Q6:40 P (kPa) 60 r (g/kg) = 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 80- 100 -40 Skew-T Answer: -20 1 5 20 10 20 40 T (°C) Looking at the above sounding of the atmosphere decide where the cloud base is (to nearest 10 kpa)See Answer
- Q7:Suppose we partition the available excess water equally between all hydrometeors (for example, for all liquid water droplets). In this way, we can estimate the average radius R for each droplet due only to condensation (i.e., before collisions between droplets allow some to merge and grow into larger drops): R = 3 Pair TE 4π Pwater n where excess-water mixing ratio re is in kgwater kgair¹, p is density, and n is the number density of hydrometeors (the count of hydrometeors per cubic meter of air). Typical values are R = 2 to 50 μm, which is small compared to the 1000 μm separation between droplets, and is too small to be precipitation. This is an important consideration. Namely, even if we ignore the slowness of the diffusion process, the hydrometeors stop growing by condensation or deposition before they become precipitation. The reason is that there are too many hydrometeors, all competing for water molecules, thus limiting each to grow only a little. Within a cloud, suppose air density is 1 kg m-³/nkgair¹, p is density, and n is the number density of hydrometeors (the count of hydrometeors per cubic meter of air). Typical values are R = 2 to 50 μm, which is small compared to the 1000 μm separation between droplets, and is too small to be precipitation. This is an important consideration. Namely, even if we ignore the slowness of the diffusion process, the hydrometeors stop growing by condensation or deposition before they become precipitation. The reason is that there are too many hydrometeors, all competing for water molecules, thus limiting each to grow only a little. Within a cloud, suppose air density is 1 kg m-³ and the excess water mixing ratio is 2 g kg-¹. Find the final drop radius using the above equation to find the final drop radius for hydrometeor counts of 108 m³ in units of microns. (Pair=1 kg m-³, Pwater =1000 kg m-³) Watch the units, especially with re. Answer:See Answer
- Q8:40 P (kPa) 60 80 r (g/kg) = 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 100 -40 Skew-T Answer: -20 8- 0 T (°C) 5 сл 20 10 20 40 Looking at the above sounding of the atmosphere decide where the cloud top is (to nearest 10 kpa)See Answer
- Q9:40 P (kPa) 60 80 r (g/kg) = 0.1 0.2 0.5 1 100 -40 Skew-T Answer: A -20 Ta 0 2 T (°C) LO 5 20 10 20 40 Looking at the above sounding of the atmosphere decide where the cloud base is (to nearest 10 kpa)See Answer
- Q10: Look at the diagrams below. They are available on the Moodle website as a separate download. Either print them out, or open them in a program that you can draw lines on and save the diagram. You should be able to do this in paint, powerpoint, word etc. In my opinion it would be easiest to print these, annotate them as described below, photograph with you phone and upload the image. 8 7 8 9 10 12 14 Temperature / °C 9 9 9 9 11 14 18 11 11 14 16 19 12 19 13 18 18 20 19 20 21 18 19 20 21 13 14 20 22 22 22 22 22 14 15 20 24 25 24 23 23 15 16 18 24 25 25 24 23 9.5 9.4 9.3 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.4 9.2 9.4 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.4 Pressure / kPa 9.6 9.4 9.2 9.1 9.5 8.9 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.2 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.4 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.4 9.3 9.5 9.6 9.8 9.6 9.9 9.4 9.5 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.9 0.0 Both these southern hemisphere weather maps correspond to the same weather. 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.9 0.0 0.1 - Draw isotherms every 2°C and identify cold and warm centres, on the left hand temperature plot - Draw isobars every 0.2 kPa and identify high and low pressures, on the right hand pressure plot - Identify the frontal zone and draw the frontal 7 8 9 10 12 14 18 9 9 9 11 14 18 19 11 14 16 19 13 19 18 18 20 19 20 21 20 21 14 20 22 22 22 22 22 15 20 24 25 24 23 23 16 18 24 25 25 24 23 9.4 9.3 9.2 9.3 9.5 9.2 9.5 9.4 9.6 8.9 9.2 9.6 9.4 9.2 9.5 9.1 9.4 9.6 9.4 9.4 9.4 9.6 9.4 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 9.7 9.8 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 0.0 Both these southern hemisphere weather maps correspond to the same weather. 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.7 If you need help look at the instructions on p280-281 Stull or ask. 9.9 0.0 0.1 - Draw isotherms every 2°C and identify cold and warm centres, on the left hand temperature plot - Draw isobars every 0.2 kPa and identify high and low pressures, on the right hand pressure plot - Identify the frontal zone and draw the frontal boundaries in pencil. Frontal zone are regions of tight isotherm packing. - On the warm side of the frontal zone identify if the front is warm (warm moving towards cold) and or cold (cold moving towards warm). The motions can be identified by looking at the pressure field, knowing that winds circle clockwise around lows in the southern hemisphere and then seeing if the warm or cold air is advancing into the other air body.See Answer
- Q11:Over continental regions, the number density (n = count of particles per volume of air) of particles with radius between R-0.5AR and R+0.5AR can be approximated by: CAR n(r) = = R4 for particles larger than 0.2 μm, and for small AR. Constant c depends on the total concentration of particles. This distribution, called the Junge distribution. If c=6×108 μm³ m³ calculate how many CCN there would be between 1.2 and 1.3 μm in 1 m³. 3See Answer
- Q12: Look at the diagrams below. They are available on the Moodle website as a separate download. Either print them out, or open them in a program that you can draw lines on and save the diagram. You should be able to do this in paint, powerpoint, word etc. In my opinion it would be easiest to print these, annotate them as described below, photograph with you phone and upload the image. Temperature / °C Pressure/kPa 11 " 11 22 12 13 14 15: 9.5 94 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.8 13 14 15 TE 16 9.4 9.3 14 18 20 20 18 9.5 9.2 16 19 22 24 24 9.5 9.4 10 11 18 20 22 25 25 9.6 9.4 སྐྱ ོ་ལྷ ོ་ཆ ོ་སྒ ོ་ 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.6 9.4 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.6 9.7 9.7 12 14 19 14 18 19 && 20 22 24 25 9.6 9.4 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 21 22 23 24 9.6 9.4 9.6 9.7 9.8 9.9 0.0 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 23 9.6 9.6 9.7\ 9.8 9.9 0.0 0.1 Both these southern hemisphere weather maps correspond to the same weather. - Draw isotherms every 2°C and identify cold and warm centres, on the left hand temperature plot - Draw isobars every 0.2 kPa and identify high and low pressures, on the right hand pressure plot - Identify the frontal zone and draw the frontal boundaries in pencil. Frontal zone are regions of tight isotherm packing. - On the warm side of the frontal zone identify if the front is warm (warm moving towards cold) and or cold (cold moving towards warm). The motions can be identified by looking at the pressure field, knowing that winds circle clockwise around lows in the southern hemisphere and then seeing if the warm or cold air is advancing into the other air body. If you need help look at the instructions on p280-281 Stull or ask.See Answer
- Q13: 9 13 186 O +15 8 0 0:115 15 C-10\ -12 9 6 046 -18 10 048 15 -6 0 -34 -2.°0' 50°N 234 10 15 198 -6 -24 9 25 .5 18 0 054 12 054 9 3 4 19 13 976 3° 19 7 2Q 073 16 0 +5 21 046 2 +3✓ 9 1 21 888 19 972 2 ** 1 ** -1 V 16 6 15 0 17 3: 092 421 42 ** 982 0 \ b +2 12 0 19 10 0 062 1804322 25860 3 +3√ 3 **• -7 22 12 27 818. 2 +15/ 24 4 30 863 34 29 8163 -10 136 19 092 5/8 ** -43 21 995 63x 19 8 16 24 0843/4 ** 14 A 1/2-28 22 (11 17/18 362136 400-26 31 044 34 26 34 9482 • 33 082 84329 335-35 25 872 1/2 24 882 37 2 V -20' 30 16 34 904 32 54 3,0 32839 5 34 925 27 79 797 31 -10 33 +21✓ 28 1 34 31 31 52 38 94454 981 -3171 512-160. 6 ••• 36 48 56 951 6-45 8 31 81 40°N 115 -311\ 7. 238 3 0 950' $53 821 27/20 23/ +2240:964 28 26 010 +45 5 33 921 32 27° 54 957 958 10 8 +3✓ 22 974 10 11 3/4 ** 18 1 +2√ 28 886 +3√37 969°° 25 126 \** 937 +8✓ +11 ✓ 24 0 10 +17 26 0 10. 44 989 +43 ✓ 10 54 4055 -45\ 21 0% 37:17 $970 25069 +9✓ 10 +2√ 17 +9 +4 22 0 33..950 2 0 17 31 950 +536 977 38 020 -221 60 28 971 23 10 +10 +2853 990 10 $18 +10° 25 21° 27 10 +44 ✓ 39002 39 24 Ο 23 091 10 +7✓ 10 30 054 19 30 030 36 994 10 O+4/10 +13✓ 10 +15 ✓ 38 003 +3 66 974 016 -15\ 21 10 +25✓ 20 19 10 25 62 81 3.8 027 57 011 71 012 36 072 -7 10 FI 10 +53/ 9 -2\ 30 091 33 071 10 +810 -+13 ✓ 14: 19 10 22 33 040 +2✓ 25 10 34 056 10 +2 +25 48 94 66 30 28 23 -5\ 36 082 28 10 24 112 5 34 072 $9092 10 10 +11✓ 24 -1 V 13 39 066 10 10 Ⓒ +18 / 42 078 10 0 +45 62 15 55 057 +4 36 072 27 40 099 10 25 7 O-5\ 23 10 O +20 32 +2742 15 60 061° 10 +47% 56 24 66.043 73 082 +23✓ -41 68 30°N 37:107 47 101 100+23 38 42 096 10 O +14 41 120 25 38 093 10 Q +6 28 O +11✓ 63 075 61 58 75 118 32 59-094 M +18 ✓ 70 10 +26 10 +22 ✓ 10 3111 b +4√ 50 108 47.78 8 40 112 9 10 O +20✓ 28 10 34 9 72 104 +15 ✓ 28 120 10 ⚫O +12 ✓ 10 43 12410 38 124 10 8 +9√ 22 10 +8 35 44 129 O.+8√ 39 55 10... 32 62 096 +27/ 65 093 +30✓ 49 71 09 098 1 +21/ 69 +21 75 122 € 74 111 71° 6 +17 ✓ 71 5143 64 118 M +8 / 51 124 50 12710 078 43 10: +12 380 29 4/66 110 72 086 M +6✓ +12 ✓ 55 115 90°W 10 100°W 50 7+2√ 705098 NM 100 200 79 072 +8✓ 74 True at 40.00N 400 300 76 116 4 +15✓ 72 73 11 500 2 Q+8 80°W/n Print (or copy and paste) the surface weather map below (and on the Moodle site) on the next page, and analyse your copy by drawing isobars, isotherms (, high- and low-pressure centers, airmasses, and fronts. I recommend doing two diagrams. The first with the isobar drawn on and the second with the isotherms, fronts, centres and air masses on. You can hand draw, photograph and upload the diagrams or draw on the copied diagram with using your favourite graphics package. If either of these is not possible then please talk to Martin in the session. I found drawing isotherms every 10°F and isobars every 1kPa worked well and if you need to remind yourself on the symbols the look in chapter 9 of Stull. There are enough clues on the map to establish if you are in the northern hemisphere of southern. 13 186 9 b+15 8 0 12 054. 34 13.976 10 6 046 048 -34 50°N 234 -21 15 25 236 9 18 0 21 995 163 19 8 19 092 5/88-43 16 24 084/414 1/2-2829 11 17 18 40°N 115 20 073 7 +5 16 0 21 046 2-3 17 3 19 972 1---1\ 15 19 092 4 10 0 +2 16 04322 982 12 0 19 24 062 10 11 25 069 10 +2 17 23 091 100+7 10 -71 -5\ 22 974 3/4 +2√ 21 888 16 6 25 860 3--+3√√ 27 797 3-16-7 24 4 22 12 27 818. 2 +15/ 23 8 18 1 25 937 126 99 +8 6+4/22 0 17 30 054 10 +4/10 19 30 091 33 071 10 +810 +13 14 19 25 872 1/2 30 24 882 37 30 32 839 3--10\ 28 1 34 9482 31 044 34 33 0625 843 29 35-3538 32 54 31 52 16 34 904 5343 925 33-+21 34 31 30 863 34 911 -10 +36 950 27 20 +2240964 26 010 32 27 29 8163 3---426 0 23 3 28 5-- 21 28 886 4+11 21 0: 31 950 10+10 21 17 33 921 10 3 37 969 24 0 10 26/0 33.-950 10+536 977 23 10 25 39 002 +37 38 03 15 10' 251 +45, 44 989 10 +43 37:17 38 020 510+28 27 38 94 54981 36 48 51 160. 56 95 6-46\ 6- 53 821 45 54 9257 958 310 54 4045 53 990 10 +44 39 24 66 974 10 +25 62 81 28 971 10 18 30 030 +13 10 20 36 994 19 33 040 10 +2 22 38 027 101 25 3 34 056 10 10 +2/ 23 36 072 28 36 082 57 011 10 +53 +25 10 +18 28 39 066 34072 10 48 94 55 057 42 078 10450 970 -221 67 016 4-15 V 363 21 71 12 9-2 66 30 66043 62/15 73 082 +23 -4^ 68 doing two diagrams. The first with the isobar drawn on and the second with the isotherms, fronts, centres and air masses on. You can hand draw, photograph and upload the diagrams or draw on the copied diagram with using your favourite graphics package. If either of these is not possible then please talk to Martin in the session. I found drawing isotherms every 10°F and isobars every 1 kPa worked well and if you need to remind yourself on the symbols the look in chapter 9 of Stull. There are enough clues on the map to establish if you are in the northern hemisphere of southern. 13 186 9 +15 0 -12 0:115 -10 6 046 18 048 -60 50°N 234 10 -21 15 -6 12 054 3 4 976 20 073 7--+5 16 0 21 046 2-3 17 3: 19 092 4 19 972 1---1\ 15 0 16 04322 982 21 888 2- 25 860 3-+3 22 12 27 818. 12 0 19 10 0 21 062 10 +3 11 25 069 10 +2 17 3/4 -- 25 872 1/230 21 995 163 19 8 34 31 19 092 5/8-43 16 24 084/4-14 1/2-28 29 11 17 18 136 31 044 34, 2641 115 34 948233 082531\ 8443 29 35-3538 32 54 882 37 16 6 20 30 27 797 32 839 3--10 28 1 16 34 904 5343925 33-+21✓ 3--7 24 4 2 +15, 23 8 29 8163 3---426 0 23 3 30 863 34 911 +36 950 27 20 28 33 921 +2240964 010 +45 32 27 10 22 974 +2 25 937 +8 28 886 4+11 21 0: 18 1 26 99 6+4/22 0 17 5-- 21 44 989 10. +43 37:17 337 969 24 0 10 17 ...26 0 33.-950 +536 977 38 020 23 10 +510" 25 39 002 +3 28 971 31.95010' 10 +10 18 23 091 10 10 +7 30 054 +4/10 19 30 030 +13 20 10 -7\ -5\ 30 091 33 071 10 +810 +13✓ 14: 19 39 092 24 112 10 b+11 10 -1V 13 5 34 072 24 10 +10/ 21 36 994 10 15 10° 19 39 066 10 10 +436 072 27 70-5 23 31 52 38 9454987 471 6-1 36 48 51160. 56 951 6-46\ 53 82 54 9257 958 310-45\ 54 40545 63 94 970 -22 +2853, 990 10 +44 39 24 2 66 974 10 +25 62 81 57 011 10 60 67 016 4-15\ 263 21 71 012 9-2V +53 66 30 48 94 55 057 66 043 10 +23 42 078 10 +45 10 +27/42 15 62 15 60 061 10 47 56 24 40°N 73 082 -4 68 30°N 38 003 25 38 027 10 36 072 33 040 25 34 056 10 +25 10 +2 10 +27 28 22 23 36 082 10 +18 28 40 099 25 10 +20 A 32 47 101 10 +23 42 096 10 25 30 111 10 +4 9 41 120 100+22 28 120 10 0 +12✓ 10 +20 38 124 10 0 +9√ 43 12410.+8 104839 35 +14 38 093 10 Q+6√ 28 37:107 10 +11 32 38 50 108 59 094 10 +26. 47. 63 075 5 61 75 118 Ⓒ +18 70 40 112 10 72 104 28 55 44 129 10.. 62 096 32 +27/ 65 093 49 71 09 +30 1+21 22 74 111 25 143 +21 75 122. 6 17 71 64 118 +8/ 51 124 50 12710 08 43 10: +12/38 29 66 110 +6 55 115 10 +2 100°W 70 50 098 NM 72 086 +12 90°W 79 072 +8/ 76 16 74 +15 72 100 200 True at 40.00N 73 113 300 400 500 +8 80°W A maritime Polar airmass Initially has a temperature of 10°C and a relative humidity of 100%. The air mass moves from the Pacific eastwards across the Olympic, Cascade and Rocky Mountains picture below. Use a Skew T Log Thermo-diagram for the ABL (on the Moodle page) to find temperature, T, dewpoint temperature, Td and relative humidity, RH at 1 Olympic Mtns. (elevation = 1000 m), 2 Puget Sound (0 m), 3 Cascade Mtns (1500 m), 4 the Great Basin (500 m), 5 Rocky Mtns (2000 m), 6 the western Great Plains (1000 m). Look in Chapter 12 of Stull if stuck. Report your answers in the table below. ≈2 index Location Z T/°C Td/˚C RH/% /km Pacific 0 0 10 10 100 Ocean Olympic 1 1 Mountains Puget 2 0 Sound Cascade 3 Mountains 1.5 index Location Z T/°C Td / °C RH/% /km Pacific 0 0 10 10 100 Ocean Olympic 1 1 Mountains Puget 2 0 Sound Cascade 3 Mountains 1.5 Great 4 0.5 ..... Basin Rocky 5 2 Mountains Great 6 1 Plains occasional rainy rains dry damp heavy rains dry Olympic Cascade Mtns Mtns Rocky Mountains Pacific Puget Great Great Ocean Sound Basin Plains 0 1 2 3 4 5 6See Answer
- Q14:Use the online NOAA Hysplit model to plot a 120 hour (5 day) back trajectory for mid boundary layer air arriving in Egham on 23rd March 2024 at midday). https://www.ready.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT_traj.php Instructions for plotting a back trajectory using Hysplit: Access Hysplit using the link above. Compute archive trajectories. Number of trajectory starting locations:1 Trajectory type: Normal Meteorology use GDAS (1 degree) The source location for Egham is: latitude 51.43 N, 0.55 W For the meteorological file you can use 'current7days' In the model parameters choose: backward trajectory model; choose the correct start time (25th March 2024 at 12:00); 120 hour run time; automatic mid boundary layer height. Other options can remain as default, or you can add extra information to your plots. It takes a minute or two to run the model. Save the image to upload to moodle./n NOTE: Question along with the link is given. Use the link to answer the Question, and then share the screen shot (image). https://www.ready.noaa.gov/HYSPLIT traj.phpSee Answer
- Q15:This assignment is worth 30 points. Late assignments will be penalized 10% for each class day returned late. Be sure to show your work when applicable for full credit. You will submit your document on Canvas under the Assignments tab. If you have trouble with your submission, you can email me, but for organization, please don’t send me your assignment via email. You must submit a single PDF file or Word Doc that contains your submission to receive credit. Submissions that are illegible, and that have missing work will receive a deduction. You may either write your work using a document preparation software (e.g., Word, LaTeX, or Google Docs) or handwrite your work and use an app like CamScanner to create a PDF file. Ask Dr K if you have any questions, thanks! Part 1: Understanding Wind Chill and Heat Index. (4 points). Complete the blanks in the following table using the wind chill or heat index charts on our canvas page (hint: .pdfs are located in the files section under “Homework Resources”). Part 2: Understanding, Temperature, Dew Point, and Relative Humidity (8 points). First, read the .pdf called Computing RH and Dew Point Temp on Canvas. You will need chart shown on the first page of this document to complete Part 2! Solve the following problems showing the relationship between saturation vapor pressure, RH, dew point, and air temperature. 1. If the air temperature were 75°F and the dewpoint were 55°F, what is the relative humidity? Relative humidity = ____________________ 2. If air temperature is 60°F and the relative humidity is 84%, what is the dewpoint in °F? Dewpoint temperature = ____________________ 3. If the saturation vapor pressure is 25.0 hPa and the vapor pressure is 10.2 hPa, what is the air temperature and dew point in °F? Air temperature and dew point = ___________________ The following data was collected via a personal weather station in San Marcos. Part 3: Cloud Observation Chart (18 points) During each day on four different days of your choosing from now until the due date, observe the presence of any clouds, precipitation, or optical phenomena at least two times per day, preferably first thing in the morning and in the afternoon/evening. Your period of observation can include at most one time without any cloud. Create a TABLE with 5 columns in a spreadsheet software (excel, google sheets, and so on), and summarize the following (each item gets its own column): 1. location and time/date of observation, 2. types of cloud(s) present, 3. estimate of cloud base, - 2000m, 6000m or between 2-6k 4. noteworthy characteristics of the cloud(s) Your description will include: (indications of vertical wind shear, supercooled water) Where cloud(s) are located with respect to surrounding terrain Likely generating mechanism (e.g., orographic lift, instability, frontal movement), 5. characteristics of any optical phenomena or contrails (location in the sky relative to the sun, colors, etc.), and type and intensity of any precipitation. Paste the completed table to this document or upload it as a pdf, .xls, or word doc. :) See Answer
- Q16:Q1. Did an El Niño event occur during the winter of 2015? Q2: Using what we learned in class, what could have caused the crabs to appear along the beaches of California? Q3: What kind of evidence backs up your claim for Q1 and Q2? Include specific data and observations from the graphs & maps you observed using 3-4 sentences.See Answer
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