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Q1:Title........... List of Figures List of Tables. Abstract Section 1. Introduction. Section 1.1 Project Goal... Coction 12 Significance Section 2. Background........ Section 2.1 Prior Arts in Research/Commercial Development.. Section 2.2 Team Member's Prior Experience.. Section 3. Approach/Design Section 3.1 Design Objective/Specification 1 Section 3.2 Design Objective/Specification 2. Section 3.3 Design Objective/Specification 3 I. ‒‒‒‒‒‒mm Section 4. Results and Discussions Section 5. Self Assessment...... Section 6. Conclusions Reference. Appendix. Cambria (Body) A A A UAE = Styles B I .iii iv 1 2 2 2 2 .2 .2 2 New Commen 5 5 5 LO 5 5 слSee Answer
Q2:Location Features Design Aspects (material, styling, etc.) Would you suggest any changes? Why? What could be the side effect? Image (add picture of each item) Front Tray Upper Cover Console BinSee Answer
Q3:Location Features Design Aspects (material, styling, etc.) Would you suggest any changes? Why? What could be the side effect? Image (add picture of each item) Front Tray Upper Cover Console BinSee Answer
Q4:power of the battery is given and the weight of the car and the driver are given, need to calculate how much power do we need to reach the maximum speed Datas Chassis is 25 kg Driver is 70kg Battery is 5 kg Capacity = AH20See Answer
Q5:A FWD vehicle has the following data: Front axle weight: 1750 lbs Center of gravity height: 17 inch Air drag coefficient: 0.32 Tire radius: 11.70 in. Powertrain efficiency: 0.94 Max. Power @6000RPM: 138 HP Torque(ft.b) 140 The manual transmission used for the vehicle has six forward speeds and the gear ratios are: first gear (3.72), 2nd gear (2.31), 3d gear( 1.51), 4th gear (1.07), 5 gear (0.81), 6 gear (0.63). The engine WOT output plot is given below: 130 120 110 100 90 Torque 1000 Homework 1 2000 3000 4000 Rear axle weight: 1550 lbs Wheel base: 104 in. Frontal projected area: 22.90 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.018 Speed (RPM) Traction coefficient: 1.0 Max. Torque @4500RPM: 132 ft.lb. Power 5000 6000 150 125 100 75 25 7000 Power (HP) a) The engine RPM drops 662 (RPM) when a 4-5 upshift is made at a vehicle speed of 45 mph. Determine the final drive ratio of the vehicle. b) Determine the engine torque and the engine power when the vehicle is cruising at a constant speed of 65 mph on level ground in the 6th and 5th gear respectively. e) Determine the maximum acceleration the vehicle can achieve in the 4th gear at a speed of 65 mph on a 2% slope. d) What is the highest speed the vehicle can achieve in the 6 gear on level ground? e) Redesign the 6th gear ratio for the highest vehicle speed possible based on maximum engine power. f) Redesign the gear ratio for the lowest gear for the maximum gradability using a reservation factor B=1.35.See Answer
Q6:A FWD vehicle has the following data: Front axle weight: 1750 lbs Center of gravity height: 17 inch Air drag coefficient: 0.32 Tire radius: 11.70 in. Powertrain efficiency: 0.94 Max. Power @6000RPM: 138 HP Torque(ft.lb) The manual transmission used for the vehicle has six forward speeds and the gear ratios are: first gear (3.72), 2nd gear (2.31), 3rd gear(1.51), 4th gear (1.07), 5th gear (0.81), 6th gear (0.63). The engine WOT output plot is given below: 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 0 Torque 1000 Homework 1 2000 3000 4000 Rear axle weight: 1550 lbs Wheel base: 104 in. Frontal projected area: 22.90 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.018 Traction coefficient: 1.0 Max. Torque @4500RPM: 132 ft.lb. Speed (RPM) Power 5000 6000 150 125 100 75 +50 8 25 7000 Power(HP)/na) The engine RPM drops 662 (RPM) when a 4-5 upshift is made at a vehicle speed of 45 mph. Determine the final drive ratio of the vehicle. b) Determine the engine torque and the engine power when the vehicle is cruising at a constant speed of 65 mph on level ground in the 6th and 5th gear respectively. c) Determine the maximum acceleration the vehicle can achieve in the 4th gear at a speed of 65 mph on a 2% slope. d) What is the highest speed the vehicle can achieve in the 6th gear on level ground? f) e) Redesign the 6th gear ratio for the highest vehicle speed possible based on maximum engine power. Redesign the gear ratio for the lowest gear for the maximum gradability using a reservation factor 3 = 1.35.See Answer
Q7:Problem: The gear ratios of a 5-speed manual transmission are given as 1" (3.25), 2nd (1.96), 3rd (1.24), 4th (0.75), 5th (0.58), final drive (3.94). The engine fuel map is shown below, where the horizontal axis is the engine RPM and the vertical axis is the engine torque (ft.lb). The transmission is used for a FWD car with the following data: Front axle weight: 1450 lbs Center of gravity height: 14 inch Air drag coefficient: 0.30 Tire radius: 10.0 in. Powertrain efficiency: 0.93 Rear axle weight: 1250 lbs Wheel base: 102 in. Frontal projected area: 21.00 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.02 Road adhesion coefficient: 1.0 a) How much the engine speed will drop (in terms of RPM) when a 3-4 upshift is made at a vehicle speed of 40 mph. b) Determine the gas mileage when the car is cruising at a contact speed of 65 mph on level ground in 5th gear and in 4th gear respectively. c) As shown in the fuel map, the point (2300, 58) is approximately the most fuel efficient point. Determine the gear ratio if the engine is to operate at the status defined by this point and the corresponding vehicle speed.See Answer
Q8:AFWD vehicle has the following data: Rear axle weight: 1200 lb Wheelbase: 105 in. Front axle weight: 1750 lb Center of gravity height: 15 in. Air drag coefficient: 0.30 Tire radius: 11.40 in. Max. power @6000 RPM: 138 HP Powertrain efficiency: 0.96 A six-speed manual transmission is used for the vehicle and the gear ratios from 1st to 4th gears are: 1st gear (3.92), 2nd gear (2.76), 3rd gear (1.85), 4th gear (1.35). The engine WOT output plot is as given in Elgure 1.3. Frontal projected area: 22.0 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.02 Max. torque @4500 RPM: 132 ft.lb Final drive ratio: 3.143 a. The vehicle runs in the 5th gear at a speed of 55 mph with the engine speed at 2450 RPM. The driver then makes a 5-6 upshift and the engine RPM drops by 500 RPM Immediately after the shift. Determine the 5th and the 6th gear ratios. b. Determine the engine torque and work done by the engine when the vehicle cruises for 1.5 miles at a constant speed of 65 mph on level ground in the 6th and 5th gears respectively. c. The driver floors the gas pedal and simultaneously makes a 6-5 downshift when a speed of 65 mph. Determine the vehicle acceleration immediately after the 6-5 the vehicle runs on a 3% slope at downshift. d. What is the steepest percentage slope the vehicle can negotiate at a speed of 70 mph? COP comSee Answer
Q9:6 pa kada Home LL LEAR 2011. 1 KONS KLINI A - HW 3 Prob. 1: A 5-speed manual transmission is shown in the drawing. Do the following a) Draw a stick diagram for the transmission. In the stick diagram, indicate the gears, synchronizers, input and output shafts, etc. Use the letter N with subscripts to indicate the number of teeth near a gear (e.g.. N₁, is the number of teeth of the second gear on the input shaft, and N₁, is the number of teeth of the second gear on the output shaft.) b) Find the gear ratios in each forward gear and the reverse gear in terms of tooth numbers. 5+% a 1- --NOS AÐ GE Note: Your stick diagram should be drawn using tools and in good quality. 3rd SPD input 41h SPD Input (spoinput: LE COR LORENING p w sam AAN 5th SPD outputy 7 4th sprio output SO-DI KTN XU 2nd spoutput - Pa 1 và AR WANNE R PLIS 1s+spoutput - Reuldier GRAD KINI 2011-0 2 EX-GARCH AND I KUSLE "1st spo input là ng Anh Tin H BE CN S - M-OUT AT FRONT MARCH ALIME -100-4 -SMLAR.CO.com ולון< K MORE BORG SAY MY AND BOHRT DEL PR W w -SAVE K THANK HIRS - ECCEL Be ·DM-T MELLE 0 0. Farat Section View of a 5-speed Manual Transmission for FWD VehicleSee Answer
Q10:Prob. 2: The stick diagram of a 5-speed marmal transmission of a RWD vehicle is shown in the drawing. The tire mndius of the vehicle is R (ft) and the final drive ratio is t,. The mambers of gear teeth are labeled in the stick diagram. Determine the transmission ratios in terms of the numbers of gear teeth for all forward and reverse gears. Determine the equivalent mass moment of inertia to be synchronized in a 2-3 shift and in a 5-4 shift respectively, in terms of the gear tooth numbers and the mass moments of inertia of the involved parts. A 5-4 shift is to be made at a vehicle speed of V (mph) with a synchronization time Ar. Assuming uniform angular velocity change during synchronization, find the friction torque to be generated by the friction cones. d) Determine the angles of rotation of the two friction cones during the synchronization process in the shift in e). Also determine the angle of rotation of the input shaft during the synchronization process. 5th 5th-Rev. Synchro Input Shaft N: et the Nc Rak 1st 2nd 3rd -Neo IVI 11²307 NOJAT Nee 1-2 Synchro NIC Reverse Idler Não 4th output shaft / Counter Shaft 3-4 synchro.See Answer
Q11:a) Determine the transmission ratios in terms of the numbers of gear teeth for all forward and reverse gears.See Answer
Q12:b) Determine the equivalent mass moment of inertia to be synchronized in a 2-3 shift and in a 5-4 shift respectively, in terms of the gear tooth numbers and the mass moments of inertia of the involved parts.See Answer
Q13:c A 5-4 shift is to be made at a vehicle speed of V (mph) with a synchronization time Ar. Assuming uniform angular velocity change during synchronization, find the friction torque to be generated by the friction cones.See Answer
Q14:d) Determine the angles of rotation of the two friction cones during the synchronization process in the shift in c). Also determine the angle of rotation of the input shaft during the synchronization process.See Answer
Q15:A vehicle of the following data is equipped with a 4-speed AT. The ratios are: 2.84(1st), 1.60(2nd), 1.0(3rd), 0.7(4th). The final drive ratio is 2.84. The torque converter has the characteristics as shown. The engine WOT output torque is also shown. The vehicle is being driven on level ground in the first gear with the torque converter unlocked. a) Present the differential equation system with the initial condition for the WOT performance simulation model of the vehicle in the first gear. Assume the vehicle is launched at engine idle RPM. b) Determine the engine angular acceleration and vehicle acceleration when the vehicle is just launched from stand still. c) Starting from time zero and using a step size of t=0.2, solve the differential equation system for one step, i.e., find the engine RPM and vehicle speed 0.2 second after launch. Vehicle Data Front axle weight: 1290 lbs Center of gravity height: 18 inch Air drag coefficient: 0.31 Tire radius: 10.0 in. Powertrain efficiency: 0.92 Torque 250 (ft.lb) 200 150 100 50 0 torque 1000 2000 Rear axle weight: 1240 lbs Wheel base: 100 in. Frontal projected area: 20 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.02 Mass moment of inertia of engine-impeller: 0.3 lbs.ft² Max. Torque Max Power 3000 4000 5000 6000 237.5 (HP) 190 95 7000 142.5 Power 47.5 Max. Power: 200 нрат 5500 Rem 'Mex, тогдые: 199 ft.bat 3850RPM RPM/n100 50 TORQUE RATIO 0 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 .8 1000 K CAPACITY FACTOR 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2000 3000 TORQUE RATIO 4000 5000 6000 IMPELLER SPEED- EFFICIENCY- PERFORMANCE BASED ON 200 LB. FT. CONSTANT INPUT TORQUE SPEED RATIO 7000 100 .9 1.0 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 EFFICIENCY - PERCENT 95 47.5 RPM 3200 3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 199 ft.bat 3850RPM 0 IMPELLER SPEED - RPMSee Answer
Q16:Problem A FWD vehicle has the following data: Front axle weight: 1750 lb Center of gravity height: 15 in. Air drag coefficient: 0.30 Tire radius: 11.40 in. Max. power @6000 RPM: 138 HP Powertrain efficiency: 0.96 Rear axle weight: 1200 lb Wheelbase: 105 in. Frontal projected area: 22.0 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.02 Max. torque @4500 RPM: 132 ft.lb Final drive ratio: 3.143 A six-speed manual transmission is used for the vehicle and the gear ratios from 1st to 4th gears are: 1st gear (3.92), 2nd gear (2.76), 3rd gear (1.85), 4th gear (1.35). The engine WOT output plot is as given in Figure 1.3. a) The vehicle runs in the 5th gear at a speed of 55 mph with the engine speed at 2450 RPM. The driver then makes a 5-6 upshift and the engine RPM drops by 500 RPM immediately after the shift. Determine the 5th and the 6th gear ratios. Automotive Engine Matching 27 b) Determine the engine torque and work done by the engine when the vehicle cruises for 1.5 miles at a constant speed of 65 mph on level ground in the 6th and 5th gears respectively. c) The driver floors the gas pedal and simultaneously makes a 6-5 downshift when the vehicle runs on a 3% slope at a speed of 65 mph. Determine the vehicle acceleration immediately after the 6-5 downshift. d) What is the steepest percentage slope the vehicle can negotiate at a speed of 70 mph?See Answer
Q17:Problems 1 The stick diagram of a six-speed RWD MT is shown Figure 2.9b. The tire radius of the vehicle is R (ft) and the final drive ratio i is 3.25. The numbers of teeth are labeled in the drawing. Some gear ratios are given as: 1st gear (3.92), 2nd gear (2.76), 3rd gear (1.91), 4th gear (1.41). The number of teeth of gears N; and N, are 19 and 23 respectively. a) Determine the equivalent mass moment of inertia to be synchronized in a 1-2 upshift and a 5-4 downshift respectively, in terms of the mass moments of inertia of the involved parts and the labels for the tooth numbers. b) A 2-3 upshift is to be made at a vehicle speed of V (mph). Assuming the synchro- nization time is At and the angular velocity change is uniform during synchro- nization, determine the friction torque to be generated by the synchronizer friction cones. c) Determine the work done by the friction and the angle of rotation of gear N4c in the process of synchronization for the shift in (b). d) The synchronizers used in the transmission are the same and the angular velocity change during synchronization is assumed to be uniform. If the magnitude of the shift force in a 2-3 upshift, F23, is 10 N, determine the magnitude of the shift force in a 1-2 upshift, F12. Both shifts are made at the same engine angular veloc- ity, and within the same synchronization time At.See Answer
Q18:ME/AENG 576: Battery Modeling and Control, Winter 2024 Homework 1 Please show your effort. No effort → no credit. (1) Conduct a literature search on currently commercially available electrified vehicles (HEVS, PHEVs, and BEVS), and discuss your observations from the search. The following information should be included in the form of a table: • The battery pack size in terms of capacity (Ah) and energy (kWh) • Cooling type of the battery pack for each vehicle: is it liquid- or air-cooling? The battery manufacturers (CATL, LG, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, etc) and chemistries of their products (LCO, NMC, LFP, etc) The sources of the information (2) Do a literature search about theoretical/practical capacity of lithium-ion batteries. You should include the sources of the information.See Answer
Q19:(1) Using the open-circuit-voltage (OCV) data (measured at C/20) in the file HW2_P1_V_avgC20. mat, obtain an analytic expression for the battery OCV; that is, the OCV is a function of the battery state-of-charge (SOC). Use the data set V_avgC20 among three data sets. Consider the following nth order polynomial for the OCV: TI Vocv(2) = Σα;z", i=0 where z is the battery SOC. Use the skeleton m-file HW2_P1_Skeleton.m to perform the parameter identification in the sense of least square regression. • Report your identified model parameters using a polynomial order of n = 4. • Provide a figure with two subplots showing the measured and estimated (by your model) battery voltage vs. battery SOC in the top subplot and the error between the measured and estimated voltages in the bottom subplot. • Investigate the performance of the model in terms of accuracy, RMSE, while changing the order of polynomial. Is the RMSE always decreasing as you increase n? Is there a disadvantage in having a high order polynomial fi+?See Answer
Q20:(2) In this problem, you are asked to develop two battery models based on the given data. The test data available to you are in the file: HW2_P2_Data.mat including two data sets: Chg1_1 (denoting test data during a charging event) and Dis1_1 (denoting test data during a discharging event). Each set has 4 columns: time (sec), current (A), terminal voltage (V) and SOC (between 0 and 1). The sign convention of the current signal follows standard industry practice, and a positive current denotes a discharging event. (i) Build the "battery voltage model" in the form of Vt.k = Ko - Rolk where Vt, and I denote the battery voltage and the battery current at time step k. You need to identify the two battery model parameters Ko and Ro. The identification should be done in the sense of least square (for the whole test data). The least square solution can be solved using pseudo inverse. • Report your identified model parameters {Ko Ro} for charging and discharging, separately. • Provide a figure with two subplots showing the measured and estimated (by your model) battery voltage vs. time in the top subplot and the error between the measured and estimated voltages in the bottom subplot. • Attach your Matlab codes (ii) Repeat part (i), except that you use a more complicated model structure: V = Ko-K₁/2k - K2²k + K3 ln (zk) + K4 ln (1 – zk) — R₂Ik • Report your identified model parameters Ko,..., K4, R.} for charging and discharging, sepa- rately. • Provide a plot showing the measured and estimated (by your model) battery voltage vs. time. • Attach your Matlab codesSee Answer

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