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  • Q1:power of the battery is given and the weight of the car and the driver are given, need to calculate how much power do we need to reach the maximum speed Datas Chassis is 25 kg Driver is 70kg Battery is 5 kg Capacity = AH20See Answer
  • Q2:A FWD vehicle has the following data: Front axle weight: 1750 lbs Center of gravity height: 17 inch Air drag coefficient: 0.32 Tire radius: 11.70 in. Powertrain efficiency: 0.94 Max. Power @6000RPM: 138 HP Torque(ft.b) 140 The manual transmission used for the vehicle has six forward speeds and the gear ratios are: first gear (3.72), 2nd gear (2.31), 3d gear( 1.51), 4th gear (1.07), 5 gear (0.81), 6 gear (0.63). The engine WOT output plot is given below: 130 120 110 100 90 Torque 1000 Homework 1 2000 3000 4000 Rear axle weight: 1550 lbs Wheel base: 104 in. Frontal projected area: 22.90 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.018 Speed (RPM) Traction coefficient: 1.0 Max. Torque @4500RPM: 132 ft.lb. Power 5000 6000 150 125 100 75 25 7000 Power (HP) a) The engine RPM drops 662 (RPM) when a 4-5 upshift is made at a vehicle speed of 45 mph. Determine the final drive ratio of the vehicle. b) Determine the engine torque and the engine power when the vehicle is cruising at a constant speed of 65 mph on level ground in the 6th and 5th gear respectively. e) Determine the maximum acceleration the vehicle can achieve in the 4th gear at a speed of 65 mph on a 2% slope. d) What is the highest speed the vehicle can achieve in the 6 gear on level ground? e) Redesign the 6th gear ratio for the highest vehicle speed possible based on maximum engine power. f) Redesign the gear ratio for the lowest gear for the maximum gradability using a reservation factor B=1.35.See Answer
  • Q3:A FWD vehicle has the following data: Front axle weight: 1750 lbs Center of gravity height: 17 inch Air drag coefficient: 0.32 Tire radius: 11.70 in. Powertrain efficiency: 0.94 Max. Power @6000RPM: 138 HP Torque(ft.lb) The manual transmission used for the vehicle has six forward speeds and the gear ratios are: first gear (3.72), 2nd gear (2.31), 3rd gear(1.51), 4th gear (1.07), 5th gear (0.81), 6th gear (0.63). The engine WOT output plot is given below: 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 0 Torque 1000 Homework 1 2000 3000 4000 Rear axle weight: 1550 lbs Wheel base: 104 in. Frontal projected area: 22.90 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.018 Traction coefficient: 1.0 Max. Torque @4500RPM: 132 ft.lb. Speed (RPM) Power 5000 6000 150 125 100 75 +50 8 25 7000 Power(HP)/na) The engine RPM drops 662 (RPM) when a 4-5 upshift is made at a vehicle speed of 45 mph. Determine the final drive ratio of the vehicle. b) Determine the engine torque and the engine power when the vehicle is cruising at a constant speed of 65 mph on level ground in the 6th and 5th gear respectively. c) Determine the maximum acceleration the vehicle can achieve in the 4th gear at a speed of 65 mph on a 2% slope. d) What is the highest speed the vehicle can achieve in the 6th gear on level ground? f) e) Redesign the 6th gear ratio for the highest vehicle speed possible based on maximum engine power. Redesign the gear ratio for the lowest gear for the maximum gradability using a reservation factor 3 = 1.35.See Answer
  • Q4:AFWD vehicle has the following data: Rear axle weight: 1200 lb Wheelbase: 105 in. Front axle weight: 1750 lb Center of gravity height: 15 in. Air drag coefficient: 0.30 Tire radius: 11.40 in. Max. power @6000 RPM: 138 HP Powertrain efficiency: 0.96 A six-speed manual transmission is used for the vehicle and the gear ratios from 1st to 4th gears are: 1st gear (3.92), 2nd gear (2.76), 3rd gear (1.85), 4th gear (1.35). The engine WOT output plot is as given in Elgure 1.3. Frontal projected area: 22.0 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.02 Max. torque @4500 RPM: 132 ft.lb Final drive ratio: 3.143 a. The vehicle runs in the 5th gear at a speed of 55 mph with the engine speed at 2450 RPM. The driver then makes a 5-6 upshift and the engine RPM drops by 500 RPM Immediately after the shift. Determine the 5th and the 6th gear ratios. b. Determine the engine torque and work done by the engine when the vehicle cruises for 1.5 miles at a constant speed of 65 mph on level ground in the 6th and 5th gears respectively. c. The driver floors the gas pedal and simultaneously makes a 6-5 downshift when a speed of 65 mph. Determine the vehicle acceleration immediately after the 6-5 the vehicle runs on a 3% slope at downshift. d. What is the steepest percentage slope the vehicle can negotiate at a speed of 70 mph? COP comSee Answer
  • Q5:6 pa kada Home LL LEAR 2011. 1 KONS KLINI A - HW 3 Prob. 1: A 5-speed manual transmission is shown in the drawing. Do the following a) Draw a stick diagram for the transmission. In the stick diagram, indicate the gears, synchronizers, input and output shafts, etc. Use the letter N with subscripts to indicate the number of teeth near a gear (e.g.. N₁, is the number of teeth of the second gear on the input shaft, and N₁, is the number of teeth of the second gear on the output shaft.) b) Find the gear ratios in each forward gear and the reverse gear in terms of tooth numbers. 5+% a 1- --NOS AÐ GE Note: Your stick diagram should be drawn using tools and in good quality. 3rd SPD input 41h SPD Input (spoinput: LE COR LORENING p w sam AAN 5th SPD outputy 7 4th sprio output SO-DI KTN XU 2nd spoutput - Pa 1 và AR WANNE R PLIS 1s+spoutput - Reuldier GRAD KINI 2011-0 2 EX-GARCH AND I KUSLE "1st spo input là ng Anh Tin H BE CN S - M-OUT AT FRONT MARCH ALIME -100-4 -SMLAR.CO.com ולון< K MORE BORG SAY MY AND BOHRT DEL PR W w -SAVE K THANK HIRS - ECCEL Be ·DM-T MELLE 0 0. Farat Section View of a 5-speed Manual Transmission for FWD VehicleSee Answer
  • Q6:Prob. 2: The stick diagram of a 5-speed marmal transmission of a RWD vehicle is shown in the drawing. The tire mndius of the vehicle is R (ft) and the final drive ratio is t,. The mambers of gear teeth are labeled in the stick diagram. Determine the transmission ratios in terms of the numbers of gear teeth for all forward and reverse gears. Determine the equivalent mass moment of inertia to be synchronized in a 2-3 shift and in a 5-4 shift respectively, in terms of the gear tooth numbers and the mass moments of inertia of the involved parts. A 5-4 shift is to be made at a vehicle speed of V (mph) with a synchronization time Ar. Assuming uniform angular velocity change during synchronization, find the friction torque to be generated by the friction cones. d) Determine the angles of rotation of the two friction cones during the synchronization process in the shift in e). Also determine the angle of rotation of the input shaft during the synchronization process. 5th 5th-Rev. Synchro Input Shaft N: et the Nc Rak 1st 2nd 3rd -Neo IVI 11²307 NOJAT Nee 1-2 Synchro NIC Reverse Idler Não 4th output shaft / Counter Shaft 3-4 synchro.See Answer
  • Q7:b) Determine the equivalent mass moment of inertia to be synchronized in a 2-3 shift and in a 5-4 shift respectively, in terms of the gear tooth numbers and the mass moments of inertia of the involved parts.See Answer
  • Q8:c A 5-4 shift is to be made at a vehicle speed of V (mph) with a synchronization time Ar. Assuming uniform angular velocity change during synchronization, find the friction torque to be generated by the friction cones.See Answer
  • Q9:A vehicle of the following data is equipped with a 4-speed AT. The ratios are: 2.84(1st), 1.60(2nd), 1.0(3rd), 0.7(4th). The final drive ratio is 2.84. The torque converter has the characteristics as shown. The engine WOT output torque is also shown. The vehicle is being driven on level ground in the first gear with the torque converter unlocked. a) Present the differential equation system with the initial condition for the WOT performance simulation model of the vehicle in the first gear. Assume the vehicle is launched at engine idle RPM. b) Determine the engine angular acceleration and vehicle acceleration when the vehicle is just launched from stand still. c) Starting from time zero and using a step size of t=0.2, solve the differential equation system for one step, i.e., find the engine RPM and vehicle speed 0.2 second after launch. Vehicle Data Front axle weight: 1290 lbs Center of gravity height: 18 inch Air drag coefficient: 0.31 Tire radius: 10.0 in. Powertrain efficiency: 0.92 Torque 250 (ft.lb) 200 150 100 50 0 torque 1000 2000 Rear axle weight: 1240 lbs Wheel base: 100 in. Frontal projected area: 20 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.02 Mass moment of inertia of engine-impeller: 0.3 lbs.ft² Max. Torque Max Power 3000 4000 5000 6000 237.5 (HP) 190 95 7000 142.5 Power 47.5 Max. Power: 200 нрат 5500 Rem 'Mex, тогдые: 199 ft.bat 3850RPM RPM/n100 50 TORQUE RATIO 0 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 .8 1000 K CAPACITY FACTOR 300 280 260 240 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 2000 3000 TORQUE RATIO 4000 5000 6000 IMPELLER SPEED- EFFICIENCY- PERFORMANCE BASED ON 200 LB. FT. CONSTANT INPUT TORQUE SPEED RATIO 7000 100 .9 1.0 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 EFFICIENCY - PERCENT 95 47.5 RPM 3200 3000 2800 2600 2400 2200 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 199 ft.bat 3850RPM 0 IMPELLER SPEED - RPMSee Answer
  • Q10:Problem A FWD vehicle has the following data: Front axle weight: 1750 lb Center of gravity height: 15 in. Air drag coefficient: 0.30 Tire radius: 11.40 in. Max. power @6000 RPM: 138 HP Powertrain efficiency: 0.96 Rear axle weight: 1200 lb Wheelbase: 105 in. Frontal projected area: 22.0 square feet Roll resistance coefficient: 0.02 Max. torque @4500 RPM: 132 ft.lb Final drive ratio: 3.143 A six-speed manual transmission is used for the vehicle and the gear ratios from 1st to 4th gears are: 1st gear (3.92), 2nd gear (2.76), 3rd gear (1.85), 4th gear (1.35). The engine WOT output plot is as given in Figure 1.3. a) The vehicle runs in the 5th gear at a speed of 55 mph with the engine speed at 2450 RPM. The driver then makes a 5-6 upshift and the engine RPM drops by 500 RPM immediately after the shift. Determine the 5th and the 6th gear ratios. Automotive Engine Matching 27 b) Determine the engine torque and work done by the engine when the vehicle cruises for 1.5 miles at a constant speed of 65 mph on level ground in the 6th and 5th gears respectively. c) The driver floors the gas pedal and simultaneously makes a 6-5 downshift when the vehicle runs on a 3% slope at a speed of 65 mph. Determine the vehicle acceleration immediately after the 6-5 downshift. d) What is the steepest percentage slope the vehicle can negotiate at a speed of 70 mph?See Answer
  • Q11:Problems 1 The stick diagram of a six-speed RWD MT is shown Figure 2.9b. The tire radius of the vehicle is R (ft) and the final drive ratio i is 3.25. The numbers of teeth are labeled in the drawing. Some gear ratios are given as: 1st gear (3.92), 2nd gear (2.76), 3rd gear (1.91), 4th gear (1.41). The number of teeth of gears N; and N, are 19 and 23 respectively. a) Determine the equivalent mass moment of inertia to be synchronized in a 1-2 upshift and a 5-4 downshift respectively, in terms of the mass moments of inertia of the involved parts and the labels for the tooth numbers. b) A 2-3 upshift is to be made at a vehicle speed of V (mph). Assuming the synchro- nization time is At and the angular velocity change is uniform during synchro- nization, determine the friction torque to be generated by the synchronizer friction cones. c) Determine the work done by the friction and the angle of rotation of gear N4c in the process of synchronization for the shift in (b). d) The synchronizers used in the transmission are the same and the angular velocity change during synchronization is assumed to be uniform. If the magnitude of the shift force in a 2-3 upshift, F23, is 10 N, determine the magnitude of the shift force in a 1-2 upshift, F12. Both shifts are made at the same engine angular veloc- ity, and within the same synchronization time At.See Answer
  • Q12:ME/AENG 576: Battery Modeling and Control, Winter 2024 Homework 1 Please show your effort. No effort → no credit. (1) Conduct a literature search on currently commercially available electrified vehicles (HEVS, PHEVs, and BEVS), and discuss your observations from the search. The following information should be included in the form of a table: • The battery pack size in terms of capacity (Ah) and energy (kWh) • Cooling type of the battery pack for each vehicle: is it liquid- or air-cooling? The battery manufacturers (CATL, LG, Samsung SDI, Panasonic, etc) and chemistries of their products (LCO, NMC, LFP, etc) The sources of the information (2) Do a literature search about theoretical/practical capacity of lithium-ion batteries. You should include the sources of the information.See Answer
  • Q13:(1) Using the open-circuit-voltage (OCV) data (measured at C/20) in the file HW2_P1_V_avgC20. mat, obtain an analytic expression for the battery OCV; that is, the OCV is a function of the battery state-of-charge (SOC). Use the data set V_avgC20 among three data sets. Consider the following nth order polynomial for the OCV: TI Vocv(2) = Σα;z", i=0 where z is the battery SOC. Use the skeleton m-file HW2_P1_Skeleton.m to perform the parameter identification in the sense of least square regression. • Report your identified model parameters using a polynomial order of n = 4. • Provide a figure with two subplots showing the measured and estimated (by your model) battery voltage vs. battery SOC in the top subplot and the error between the measured and estimated voltages in the bottom subplot. • Investigate the performance of the model in terms of accuracy, RMSE, while changing the order of polynomial. Is the RMSE always decreasing as you increase n? Is there a disadvantage in having a high order polynomial fi+?See Answer
  • Q14: This assignment requires you to write a software specification for an automobile cruise control. The specification must include the following: 1. An introduction containing a concise description of the problem along with a context diagram. (two or three paragraphs of text, maximum) 2. A state diagram showing the dynamic behavior of the cruise control system. The state diagram can contain only the following elements: ● ● ● Power On Power Off (optional) Transitions (caused by an event or a timer expiration) On entry actions On exit actions No "triggers" or "guard conditions" allowed. Free programs are available for creating this diagram. https://uml.sourceforge.io/ https://plantuml.com Dia, available on most linux distributions. ("sudo apt-get install dia") 3. Requirements, recorded in English language sentences, that describe the operation of the system. (A good start would be one requirement for every on_entry and on_exit activity in the diagram) A static model (class diagram). ● 4. 5. Assumptions and Ambiguities. List any issues encountered with missing or contradictory information and how they were resolved. This specification can be a single document or can be a collection of files suitably named. The state diagram can be hand drawn or can use one of many freely available drawing tools. The exact modeling elements do not have to match those shown in the textbook (e.g., 'Dia' draws states as boxes, where they are generally shown as ovals. This is acceptable) This system has the concept of a comparator that can create events. The desired speed is stored in one of the inputs to the comparator. This speed is then compared to the vehicle's actual speed, and if they do not match, either a SpeedGreaterThanDesired or a SpeedLessThanDesired event is generated. You can assume that the vehicle responds instantaneously to commands to increase or decrease speed. This is not true in the real world, but simplification will not detract from the value of the model. The Cruise Control system interacts with the EngineControl system to request changes to the vehicles' speed. The "stalk switch" and the “dash indicator" are considered part of the Cruise Control system, as is the comparator that can create events. Below is a video explaining the operation of the Cruise Control system. Toyota Camry - Cruise Control Explanation & Demonstration USE THIS TO SAVE GAS Outputs: ● TOYOTA CRUISE CONTROL EXPLANATION CANCEL Inputs: +RES A SET V IncreaseSpeed. When true, the automobile increases its speed. HoldSpeed. When true, the automobile holds its speed. DecreaseSpeed. When true, the automobile decreases its speed. Note IncreaseSpeed, HoldSpeed, and DecreaseSpeed are mutually exclusive. None can be active, but if one is active the other 2 must be inactive. ONOFF DesiredSpeed. This is an integer between 30 and 120, representing the system's desired speed in Miles Per Hour. DesiredSpeed is one of the inputs to the comparator that creates the SpeedGreaterThanDesired and SpeedLessThanDesired event. The other input to the comparator is the vehicle's actual speed. Indicator on dash. (consider this as a Boolean value) +RES -SET ● CANCEL ● SpeedGreater Than Desired SpeedLess Than Desired All inputs are considered events. ●/nGRADING REQUIREMENTS: 1) State Diagram: All events used. No flaws observed. 2) A requirement exists for every significant event in the state diagram. They are worded precisely and un-ambiguously 3) Class diagram includes all controls (as member variables) and events (as methods) 4) Context Diagram is correct. All sections of specification are present and complete. Diagrams and requirements are consistent/nINSTRUCTIONS Just follow the instructions please. You have to make a context diagram, a state diagram and a class diagram. For the paragraphs part, you can just give me a small summary and I can write that down in 3 paragraphs myself. please follow the instructions thoroughly This specification can be a single document or can be a collection of files suitably named. The state diagram can be hand drawn or can use one of many freely available drawing tools. The exact modeling elements do not have to match those shown in the textbook (e.g., 'Dia' draws states as boxes, where they are generally shown as ovals. Example images are attached, they are just examples, they are not related to the assignment "An introduction containing a concise description of the problem along with a context diagram. (two or three paragraphs of text, maximum)" and then for the requirements and assumptions, there is not really any limit as long as it accurately describes what is happening and provide clear BULLET POINTS power point which talks about state diagrams, context diagrams and class diagrams and reference on how i need the diagrams to be, is attached in referenceSee Answer
  • Q15: 1828 University of Central Lancashire UCLan Academic Year: 2023-24 Assessment Introduction: Courses: BEng/Meng Energy Engineering BEng/MEng Manufacturing Engineering BEng/MEng Mechanical Engineering DA Manufacturing Engineering DA Mechanical Engineering Title of the Brief: Engine Dynamic Balancing by Design Module Code: MP2784 Module Title: Mechanics, Kinematics and Materials Type of assessment: Report & Practical Work This Assessment Pack consists of a detailed assignment brief, guidance on what you need to prepare, and information on how class sessions support your ability to complete successfully. You'll also find information on this page to guide you on how, where, and when to submit. If you need additional support, please make a note of the services detailed in this document. Disclaimer: The information provided in this assessment brief is correct at time of publication. In the unlikely event that any changes are deemed necessary, they will be communicated clearly via e-mail and a new version of this assessment brief will be circulated. 1828 University of Central Lancashire UCLan Preparing for your assignment: To prepare for this assessment, please follow the lectures, attempt the questions of homework, and attend tutorials of Semester 1 within the module. Assessment Pack Contents: 1. Introduction The assignment is set to achieve the following two learning outcomes in MP2784 through practice, understand mechanics fundamentals, and investigate dynamic balancing in design of internal combustion engines. Analyse the relationships between material, shape and internal/external loads in one dimension and two dimensions. 1828 University of Central Lancashire UCLan Show the relationships between material, shape and internal and external loads for one-dimensional and two-dimensional applications. 3. Detailed assignment brief An internal combustion engine combusts fuel and generates power and rotational motion to drive a mechanical system. Due to accelerations of machine members – reciprocating or rotating parts, the inertia forces and moments are inevitably produced. Because the severity of the inertia loading increases as a square of the rotational velocity, for high- speed machinery the effects can be very objectionable, often resulting in vibrations, noise emission and premature failure of a fatigue nature. The majority of a reciprocating engine consist of multiple cylinders with pistons linked to the same crankshaft and lines of stroke that are parallel. These are called in-line engines. If the strokes are not all in the same direction, the configuration will result in either a V- engine or radial engine. In the market, the 5-cylinder in-line engine has been adopted into many car makes, for example, Ford Focus RS, Volvo 850R, Audi TT RS and RS3, Alfa Romeo 159 and Acura Vigor with around 2.5 litre turbocharged. Figure 1 illustrates one of commercial products with a 5-cylinder in-line engine. Fig 1. A 5-cylinder in-line engine from Audi In this assignment, you are supposed to investigate the effect of different firing orders and strokes, and achieve the best performance of dynamic balancing for a 2.5 litre 5- cylinder in-line petrol engine. Design parameters of the engine are provided for you to consider in your analysis. Five in-line cylinders are spaced 128 mm apart. The stroke is to be 68 mm and each connecting rod 150 mm. The reciprocating parts for each cylinder are 3.0 kg The crankshaft runs up to 3000 rev/min. 1828 University of Central Lancashire UCLan Task 1: Since you need to analyse many cases, in each of which firing order and stroke are different from the others, a generic calculator shall be made as a tool to avoid repeats in calculation and improve efficiency/accuracy for quantitative analysis. Using MS Excel is instructed for such a calculator. Or if you have had skills of coding in C, C++, Python, Matlab, or any other, you may programme into a calculator. In this calculator, just enter a firing order and the number of strokes, then 4 resultants can be produced automatically. Task 2: Explain your approach in investigating possible combinations of firing order and strokes. 5 different firing orders and 2 different strokes are recommended. Task 3: Use your calculator to calculate and present the resultants of primary forces, secondary forces, primary moments and secondary moments in each case. Compare them and present the case with the best performance in dynamic balancing. 4. Teaching into assessment Lectures in Semester 1 include examples related to assignment. 5. Sample of successful assignment Available in lectures, homework questions and tutorials in the teaching weeks 8 to 11. 1828 University of Central Lancashire UCLan 6. Assessment and marking criteria This assignment forms the basis of the assessment using the learning outcomes. It contributes 50% to the overall grade in this module. Anonymous marking applies. The criteria are shown as follows. ASSESSED ELEMENTS MARK ALLOCATION ENGINE DYNAMIC BALANCE BY OPTIMISED DESIGN Complete a written report providing all logic findings from your investigation. As a guidance, it should be written in approximately 2,000 words and be processed in Arial font at size 12 on the A4 sized paper. 1. Cover page and report structure Populate the provided coversheet as the cover page of your report. 100 marks (In total) 5 A table of contents is needed with page numbers. 2. Investigating procedure 10 Employ an analytical approach to study dynamic balancing and show a clear procedure with steps. 3. Functioned calculator 50 Insert your calculator in the report. If necessary, provide a user manual in the calculator. If you calculator is in Excel, use the sheet and present the calculation and results for each case. If your calculation is coded in certain language, make sure it can be run. 4. Analysis of dynamic balancing for all the design cases you identify 20 For your first case, present the calculate manually if forces and moments are in equilibrium, and find any unbalanced force or moment correctly. For the rest cases, present the inputs and results from your calculator. Include drawings, calculation and clearly textual explanations if necessary. 5. Design evaluation Based on your analysis, compare all the cases and provide an argument or judgement on the case with the best performance in terms of dynamic balancing. 15See Answer
  • Q16:2. Consider the vehicle in problem 2 with original motor. Other parameters are given in the table. Vehicle mass Driver/passenger mass 2000 kg 80 kg 0.0009 Rolling resistance coefficient C₁ Tires 0 Rolling resistance coefficient Co Aerodynamic drag coefficient CAD Frontal area AF Air density p 245/45R19 0.45 2.686 m² 1.2754 kg/m³ a. Find the maximum gradability. Assume a driver and a passenger. Ans: 6.09% b. Find the acceleration time to 60 mph. Ans: 19.23s c. Find the possible maximum speed on flat road. Use computer software (e.g., Matlab, Mathcad) or an engineering calculator to solve. Ans: 59.05s d. Suppose the electric vehicle is tested at constant speed at 40mph with a driver and a passenger on a 3% grade and 10% drivetrain loss. Find the minimum 400V battery pack size in Ah to achieve 100 mi driving range. Ans: 110.64 AhSee Answer
  • Q17: Tire of Porsche 911 turboTM A model of Porsche 911 turboTM uses the following tires. front : 235/35ZR19rear : 305/30ZR19 Determine and compare hr, and D for the front and rear tires.See Answer
  • Q18: For the crank-slider linkage shown shown on the next page with the corresponding nominclature set up the matrix equations to determine the unknown pin forces in x-, y-components and the unknown torque required to drive the system. For matrices other than the unknown forces, only one numeric value should be in each matrix location. Do not solve matrix equations. following is given fp1 is an external force applied at the center of gravity of link 3 FP is an applied force at the center of gravity of the slider See Answer

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