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Q1:1. Classify petroleum refining processes and operations into five basic types.See Answer
Q2:2. Give a general description of what happens in the first distillation column (atmospheric fractional distillation). See Answer
Q3:3. What is the purpose of the vacuum distillation step? What is fed to it? What are its products? See Answer
Q4:Question 2 [30 marks] A tray distillation column fractionates a mixture of n-hexane, n-heptane, and n-octane. The liquid leaving the last tray (lowermost tray) is introduced to a reboiler which operates at 413 K and 3.07 bara. The composition of the liquid entering the reboiler is shown in Table 2. Table 2. Composition of liquid entering reboiler. Composition (mol basis) Component n-hexane n-heptane n-octane 0.12 0.78 0.1 a. Calculate the boil-up ratio of this operation. [10 marks] b. Determine the composition of the vapor entering the last tray (lowermost tray) of the column. [10 marks] 2 c. There is a suggestion from a newly joined process engineer to increase the reboiler temperature to 420 K while maintaining the pressure and feed composition the same. Evaluate the feasibility of this suggestion. You need to support your evaluation with detailed calculations. [10 marks]See Answer
Q5:Question 3 [20 marks] a. Simulation of multicomponent distillation in process simulation environment (e.g. Aspen Hysys, Aspen Plus, ChemCad) is very handy. Nevertheless, the approximate methods using Fenske Underwood Gilliland Kirkbride equations cannot be undermined. Can you please explain how these approximate methods are useful to establish the simulation using simulation package? [10 marks] b. Can you please elaborate the advantages and limitations of MESH equations for the multicomponent distillations? In line with the limitations, you should also highlight the ways to overcome the challenges of the implementation. [10 marks]See Answer
Q6:Q3: (25 Points) It has been decided to sidetrack a well from 1500 ft. The sidetrack will be a build and hold profile with the following specifications: TVD of Bottom of Hole: Horizontal departure: Build up Rate: Calculate the following: 10000 ft. 3500 ft. 1.5° per 100 ft. (a) Radius of curvature (b) Drift angle of the well. (b) TVD, MD and horizontal departure at the end of buildup section (c) TVD, MD and horizontal departure at the midpoint of buildup section (d) TVD, MD and horizontal departure at the midpoint of tangent section (e) Length of the arc and length of tangent (f) Total measured depth to the target./nQ4: (25 Points) A slant hole is to have a target depth of 5374 ft from mean sea level with 2147 ft south coordinate and 3226 ft east coordinate. The rotary bushing elevation is 780 ft from mean sea level. The magnetic declination is 6° east, KOP is 1510 ft and BUR is 20/100 ft. Find: 1. Target closure and azimuth 2. Maximum inclination angle 3. MD, TVD, and departure at EOB 4. MD, TVD, and departure at target 5. MD, TVD, and departure at 3000 ft 6. MD, TVD, and departure at 5426 ftSee Answer
Q7:2. The data below was obtained from a compressibility experiment on a core sample whose bulk volume is 52.0 cm³ and initial pore volume is 8.82 cm³. The sample's pore space is initially filled with water. Estimate the sample's pore-volume compressibility at 1000 and 2000-psi net overburden pressures. Pp (psi) 14.7 50 50 100 100 500 500 1000 Pob (psi) 500 750 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 Vwp (cm³) 0.222 0.328 0.361 0.452 0.470 0.481 0.487 0.494 Vwp is total water squeezed out of sample at each step. Solve using these equations if possible : ob, net Cp = Cf= Pob - 0.85 Pp 1 ΔΦ Φ ΔΡob,net 1 (lab-Pres) Plab (Plab-Pres) obinet obinet 1000 4000 0.506See Answer
Q8:551 Advanced Phase behaviour Assignment No.1 Characterization of reservoir fluids. Given the following reservoir fluid compositions: i- Based on the total molecular weight and composition classify the type of reservoir fluid. ii- Given the fluid composition construct the phase diagram using commercial software. How do you classify the type of reservoir fluid based on the phase diagram? Table (1) Compositions and molecular weight of some reservoir fluids Samples 1 2(1) 3(1) 4(1) 5 6(1) 7(1) Tf, (°F) 280 188 284 204 282 233 246 C1 0.558 0.585 0.397 0.6 0.686 0.967 0.954 C₂ 0.093 0.134 0.094 0.146 0.074 0.012 0.008 C3 0.059 0.074 0.066 0.077 0.04 0.003 0.005 C4 0.037 0.04 0.063 0.04 0.024 0.002 0.004 C5 0.026 0.02 0.042 0.022 0.015 0.003 0.002 C6 0.022 0.016 0.034 0.014 0.013 0.001 0.001 C7+ 0.172 0.119 0.089 0.094 0.086 0.006 0.011 N2 0.005 0.004 0.109 0.006 0.009 0 0.003 CO2 0.028 0.009 0.051 0.003 0.054 0.006 0.013 H2S 0 0 0.055 0 0 0 0 MWt 54 42 39 37 35 18 18 C7+ 188.39 165.57 114.31 151.85 169.96 218.8 103.2 MWt Assumed 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.7 0.75 C7+ SG Table B1: Examples of samples under C7+ criteria. Sample 8 9 10(1) T. (°F) 250 337 160 C1 0.634 0.791 0.583 C2 0.047 0.016 0.027 C3 0.032 0.004 0.01 C4 0.038 0.002 0.375 C. 0027 0.001See Answer
Q9:Sat press 267.9 bar @ 92.8 °C Component Weight % Mole % Weight Molecular Density (g/cm³) at 15°C, 1 atm N2 0.145 0.56 CO2 1.45 3.55 C1 6.757 45.34 C2 1.531 5.48 C3 1.516 3.70 i-C4 3.78 0.70 n-C4 0.891 1.65 i-Cs 0.489 0.73 n-C5 0.580 0.87 C6 1.043 1.33 C7 2.276 2.73 89.9 0.757 Cs 3.125 3.26 103.2 0.777 C9 2.342 2.14 117.7 0.796 C10 2.379 1.94 133 0.796 C11 2.205 1.62 147 0.800 C12 2.179 1.47 160 0.815 C13 2.693 1.69 172 0.833 C14 2.789 1.62 186 0.843 C15 2.937 1.59 200 0.849 C16 2.553 1.30 213 0.858 C17 2.388 1.11 233 0.851 C18 2.885 1.26 247 0.856 C19 2.571 1.07 258 0.868 C20+ 51.898 13.32 421 0.914 1- Calculate the mole fraction C7+, Mw C7+ and gravity of the C7+. 2- Use the following splitting schemes to split the C7+ fraction into pseudo-components. a-Katz method (1938) c-Pedersen et al method (1982) e-Hossien et (2012) b-Lohmez et al method (1964) d-Ahmed's Method (1985) f-Al-Adwani et al (2018) 3- Tabulate the results of actual and predicted mole fraction and SCN 4- Plot the actual and predicted mol fractions by all methods versus SCN. 5- Construct the phase envelop of the actual and compare with the best performing splitting/ne-Hossien et (2012) f-Al-Adwani et al (2018) 3- Tabulate the results of actual and predicted mole fraction and SCN 4- Plot the actual and predicted mol fractions by all methods versus SCN. 5- Construct the phase envelop of the actual and compare with the best performing splitting scheme. How is the actual saturation pressure, critical pressure and cri-condentherm compared with calculated from original and predicted compositions? 6- Use Withson's lumping scheme to group the extended analysis into groups. Page 1 of 2 7- Characterize the pseudocomponents with Hong's Mixing Rules and calculate the critical pressure, critical temperature and acentric factor using any of the following methods of characterizing the undefined fraction. a-Riazi-Daubert method (1980) c-Kesler-Lee method (1976) e- Watansairi-Owens-Starling (1985) g-Rowe's Method (1978) i-Willman-Teja (1978) K-Twu (1984). b-Cavet method (1962) d-Winn-S-m-Daubert (1957) f-Edmister (1958) h-Standing (1942) j-Magoulas-Tassios (1990) L-Sancet (2007) 8- Construct the phase envelop of the lumping components. 9- How is the actual saturation pressure, critical pressure and cri-condentherm compare with calculated from original and predicted compositions? 10- Write your conclusions based on the results from 1 through 10.See Answer
Q10:Calculation of Z-factor using recently published papers. Given the pseudo-reduced pressure, pseudo-reduced temperature, and Z-factor in the attached Excel sheet. 1- Evaluate the following published papers, i.e. compare the estimated versus the experimentally measured Z- factor using some the published methods such as: -Beggs-Brill 1973 -Heideryan et al 2010 -Aziz et al 2010 -Sanjari 2012 -Bahadori-Vuthaluru 2010 -Al-anzi-Al-quraishi 2010 -Kareem et al 2016 -Ganganis et al 2019 -Wei et al 2023 2- Modify the constants in the above methods using the experimental data and compare the estimated versus the experimentally measured values. 3- Tabulate the statistical errors (Er average relative error, EA average absolute error, STD standard deviation, and R coefficient of regression) for each method in (1) and (2).See Answer
Q11:Question 1. 1. Derive the design equations for gas capacity and oil capacity constraints for a horizontal separator for the following two cases: i. The gas occupies 75% of the separator effective volume. ii. The gas occupics 25% of the separator effective volume.See Answer
Q12:Design a horizontal separatoe to handle the field production. If the field is located offshore, design the appropriate separator to handle the field production.See Answer
Q13:2. Give a general description of what happens in the first distillation column (atmospheric fractional distillation). See Answer
Q14: Oil has the capability to disperse as a very thin layer on a water surface. The moleculardiameter of a particular oil is known to be 3 x 10-7 cm. A quantity of this oil, when placedcarefully on a water surface, eventually spreads to an area of 16 x 104 m2 in amonomolecular layer. a) Calculate the volume of the oil. (7 marks) b.What would be the area of a monomolecular layer produced from a teaspoonful (5 ml)of this oil? (3 marks) The average CO2 emissions from new passenger cars registered in the European Union(EU), Iceland, Norway and the United Kingdom (UK) in 2019 was 122.4 g of CO2 per kilometre (European Environment Agency, 2020). In the year 2000, the figure was 172.1g per kilometre. .If, on average, the annual mileage of a passenger car in the EU is 12,000miles a year, c)calculate its CO2 emission for 2019. (3 marks) d)Then calculate the percentage reduction compared to a passenger car used in the year 2000.See Answer
Q15: 4. Say we have a 6000 ft well 13 inches in diameter and we lower 10.75 inch casing into the well at 3 fps. The fluid is1215cp mud. What will the pressure at the bottom of ppg the well be when all 6000 feet of casing are in the well.Assume the casing is floated in...(be sure to include the static head as well as surge)= closed at the bottom.See Answer
Q16: 2. We need to calculate the clay required to make up mud.Assume a mud volume of 200 BBL. A high yield clay (33BBL/ton) will be used. a. How many 100 lbm. "sacks" of clay are required? b. How much water is needed? What is the mud density before weighting? d.How 200 lbm. "sacks" of barite are required to many raise the density by 0.25 ppg? Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the well.C. e.Calculate the pressure at the bottom of the well.See Answer
Q17: 5. A well is being drilled at 7,500 ft. A sudden increase in pit volume is observed. In the 3 minutes it takes to notice the increase and close the BOP's, 18 barrels of mud are "gained". The original mud density was 10.4Ibm/gal and circulation was 370 gpm. After stabilization, a drill pipe pressure of 200 psig and a casing pressure of 300 psig were observed. This is a11" hole with 19.5#, 5" OD drill pipe and 9x4" drill collars (300ft). Calculate the kick density.See Answer
Q18: 1. We are using an 12 lb/gal mud with Fann VG readings of22 at 300 rpm and 34 at 600 rpm. We have 6000 ft of 4.26inch inside diameter 5 inch outside diameter drill pipe. The pump outlet pressure is rated to a maximum of 3000 psia and the well is 6000 ft deep. if the mud was designed for "balance" when not circulating, what is the reservoir pressure?a. b. What are K and n?n c. What are Hpand t, ?Hp d. The bit has 3 nozzles 15/32 in diameter, i. What is the pressure drop across the bit if we circulate at 500 gpm? ii. What would the frictional pressure drop through drill pipe be? iii. What would the frictional pressure drop through the annulus be? iv. So what would the pump pressure be, and does this pose a problem?See Answer
Q19: 3. We have cuttings composed of.11 cm diameter spheres of quartz (sp gr = 2.6) in the mud described in problem 1. a. What is the slip velocity? b. If we want a transport ratio of 0.53, what is the circulation rate in gpm if the hole is 13 7/8 inches in diameter?See Answer

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