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Q1:4 In a unit where grain is steeped, sulfur dioxide is added directly to grain and water. Operators have long complained about sulfur dioxide fumes, citing runny noses, teary eyes, coughing, and headaches. The concentration has been checked many times and has always measured lower than OSHA specifications. Management's stance has always been, "Don't spend money to fix something if it isn't broken." A few employees have quit, citing allergies and other medical problems. Operators in the area have requested an engi- neering study to remedy the situation. Chris is given the job of investigating whether the exhaust fan should be replaced with an expensive ventilation system. What are Chris's obli- gations? Can they all be met? What creative strategies can you suggest to Chris to deal with this situation? Suchel Look un this article, and Maximum points: 100 Submit an MS Word .docx document via Canvas Margins 0.75 inch on all sides, 12 point font, Times New Roman throughout, 1.5 line spacing for text. Use expressions and definitions introduced in the Ethics chapter in your writing if appropriate. Chris's obligations: List at least five obligations. Under each obligation write at least two sentences regarding why he can likely meet this obligation or not. Creative strategies: List at least two creative strategies to deal with the situation. Write at least three sentences discussing each strategy. Rubrik: followed the format, no spelling errors, no style "Normal" present in the document: 25 points Obligations: 5 points each obligation, 25 points total Strategies: 25 points each strategy If more Obligations and/or Strategies beyond the requirement above are offered then this can be used to make up for points missed elsewhere, with the same amount of points per item as described above.See Answer
Q2:(2) Multi-Unit, Multi-Reaction Process (50 pts) The diagram below shows a process to produce a product E from A and B. In addition to the information labeled on the diagram, it is known that the recycle stream to Reactor P (stream 6) has the molar ratio of A to B equal to 1:9. You are asked to find (1) the split ratio of the recycle to purge flow and (2) the overall fractional conversion of A. Follow the general protocol to: organize the information (label the diagram, write aux. equations, write goals) (10 pts) analyze the problem (clearly state a solution strategy based on DOF analysis without solving the entire process, use the DOF tables below if needed) (30 pts) solve for the goals (pick a basis or convert units if necessary, write relevant material balances and solve). Suggestion: do the algebra until you finish everything else (10 pts) a) b) c) nA.I B.1 P1: A + B → 2C P2: A + 2B → 3D Reactor P nĄ.6 nB.6 n ₁.2 ńc,2 np.² Q: 2C + D -> E Reactor Q ń ₁,3 Reactor R n D. 3 n. 3 = 18 lbmol/s R: D + E 4B Splitter nA, 5 = 4 lbmol/s np. 5 nE.S n₁.4 np.4 ńE, 4/nDOF IstrV IsysV Variables SF SC AUX AUX MBs DOF If I had solved (unit/system): the we would get a new DOF for: IstrV IsysV Variables SF SC Specified syst. vars. MBS NEW DOF >>> P Q (which unit/system) After solving the above unit/system, Spltr R has DOF = 0 and can be solved to determine After solving the above unit/system, Strategy to solve for the goals (you may not need all lines below): Process has updated DOF = 0 and can be solved to determine 1/0 (which variables) has updated DOF = 0 and can be solved to determineSee Answer
Q3:(2) Multi-Unit, Multi-Reaction Process (50 pts) The diagram below shows a process to produce a product E from A and B. In addition to the information labeled on the diagram, it is known that the recycle stream to Reactor P (stream 6) has the molar ratio of A to B equal to 1:9. You are asked to find (1) the split ratio of the recycle to purge flow and (2) the overall fractional conversion of A. Follow the general protocol to: organize the information (label the diagram, write aux. equations, write goals) (10 pts) analyze the problem (clearly state a solution strategy based on DOF analysis without solving the entire process, use the DOF tables below if needed) (30 pts) solve for the goals (pick a basis or convert units if necessary, write relevant material balances and solve). Suggestion: do the algebra until you finish everything else (10 pts) nĄ.4 a) b) c) n₁.1 B.1 P1: A+B → 2C P2: A + 2B → 3D Reactor P n₁.6 ńB.6 ń₁.2 nc.2 np. 2 Q: 2C + D → E Reactor Q n₁,3 ńD. 3 ŻE.3 R: D+E 4B Reactor R = 18 lbmol/s Splitter n₁,5 = 4 lbmol/s np. 5 ŻE.5 np.4 nE.4/nDOF IstrV IsysV Variables SF SC AUX AUX MBS DOF If I had solved (unit/system): the we would get a new DOF for: IstrV IsysV Variables SF SC Specified syst. vars. MBS NEW DOF → P Q (which unit/system) After solving the above unit/system, Spltr R has DOF = 0 and can be solved to determine After solving the above unit/system, Strategy to solve for the goals (you may not need all lines below): Process has updated DOF = 0 and can be solved to determine I/O (which variables) has updated DOF = 0 and can be solved to determineSee Answer
Q4:(3) Chemical Equilibrium (30 pts) 1 mol/s of a species A is fed into a continuous gas phase reactor. The following two fast equilibrium reactions take place in the reactor, which operates at 298 K and a pressure P: A B + C + D Ka,R1 = 0.375 atm² A+B= E + C Ka, R2 = 3 The output of the reactor is assumed to be at equilibrium. The selectivity of the desired product D with respect to the undesired product E (SD/E) is 2:1. Organize (a) (b) Analyze (c) Solve R1: (d) (e) R2: Draw a process flow diagram and label all stream and system variables. (4 pts) Write down three auxiliary equations in terms of the variables you wrote down in your process flow diagram only. (6 pts) Perform DOF analysis using the table on the right (3 pts) Reactor IstrV " IsysV #Vars SF+SC Specified System vars. AUX MB DOF Write down all material balances, including the total material balance. (12 pts) Solve to determine the fractional selectivity for the formation of D from A (3 pts) (f) Determine the reactor pressure P (2 pts)See Answer
Q5: PART A: Gas releases and flammability diagram 1. Draw the flammability diagram of carbon monoxide (CO): Your graph must clearly show the: The air line and the stoichiometric line; • The LFL, UFL, LOC, LFL in O₂ and UFL in O₂; The flammable region; Flammability Data for CO 12.5% LFL UFL LFL in O₂ UFL in O₂ LOC 74.0% 15.5% 94.0% 5.5% 100% Oxygen 90% 80% 0% 70% 60% %OT 50% 40% 20% 30% 20% 30% 10% 0% 40% 100% 50% 90% Nitrogen 80% 70% %09 €60% 50% 70% 40% Carbon Monoxide 30% %08 20% %06 10% /5 .0% 100% PART B: HAZOP Study on a Acrolein Tank 974, ACROTANK, Marseille, Fos sur mer, France A risk assessment is being performed by your Process Safety team on a tank containing liquid acrolein in a tank farm. Your team has done a pretty good job under the Process Knowledge Management Element of your PSM system and has prepared the technical document TANK974-TECHDOC (Version 1). ATEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY GATAR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Your team chose to use the HAZOP technique to identify the hazards and evaluate the risks of the identified scenarios. You can find the HAZOP document in Table 1 that was started by your team. This table is incomplete and needs your input. The scenarios identified by your team mainly involve the catastrophic rupture acrolein tank 974 which would lead to the entire inventory of acrolein to spill into the bund. This would form a pool of acrolein that would vaporize and form a vapor cloud. The plant is nearby a residential area. The emergency response team indicated that they need at least 1 hour to evacuate people in the residential area in case of release of acrolein. The following questions are designed for you to evaluate the consequences of such scenario, complete the HAZOP table and propose risk reduction measures if needed. The results of the HAZOP study will be conveyed to higher leadership who will make the necessary to ensure the safety of the operations following your recommendations. ACROTANK counts on you and your expertise. 1. Is the bund big enough to hold the spilled liquid in case of catastrophic rupture acrolein tank 974? Demonstrate your answer. /2 2. Leaking pipe in a pressurized process unit (Figure 1) Case A Process unit at 3 bara Gas at 10 bara se A: Will the gas release flow be choked? tify your answer Gas leak ill the gas flow be higher than case A? answer Case B Process unit at 1.5 bara Figure 1: Leaking pipe located into a pressurized process unit (choking pressure ratio is 0.5) Gas at 10 bara W Gas leak 12 AM od 10 bara Figure 1: Leaking pipe located into a pressurized process unit (choking pressure ratio is 0.5) Case A: Will the gas release flow be choked? Justify your answer an Case B: Will the gas flow be higher than case A? Custify your answer Gas at 10 bara Gas SPRING 2022-CHEN 455 Final Exam AM 2. How long will it take for the pool of acrolein to fully vaporize? Demonstrate your answer. Note: you can use a simple approach by ignoring the wind effect on the vaporization rate. TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY at QATAR CHEMICAL ENGINEERING /6See Answer
Q6:Format of the submission: Avoid the use of lots of text and prefer graphical forms of communication that provide rich information in a minimum amount of space (do include some text as Turnitin needs at least 20 words). This applies to the presentation of background information, evidence of a trade-off, explanation of the trade-off, and suggestions. The marking scheme encourages infographics types of submission rather than text-heavy posters. If needs be, insert sound objects or videos to provide further information. This is preferable to typing a long paragraph. The submission should be as a poster and/or Powerpoint/Google Sheet presentation. You can use any software but make sure that your final submission is compatible with formats accepted by Moodle and Turnitin, and remember the requirements to have at 20 words for Turnitin./nInstructions: This coursework is individual. The purpose of this assessment is to demonstrate your attainment of learning outcome 1: Critically analyse global sustainability issues and national and international responses by taking a broad view of sustainability that incorporates security and inclusivity. For this assignment, you should identify one (or several) topic(s), related to engineering, that you believe is controversial from a sustainability perspective. Using the graphical approach used to draw causal chains in the social sustainability lecture, draw an illustration showing the trade-offs that are taking place. In this piece of coursework, you should provide at least one example of: • An economic-environmental trade-off (trade off type 5 in the figure below) • An economic-social trade-off (trade off type 4; including security and inclusivity) • An inter-generational trade-off (1, 2, or 3 in the figure below). Bey Sty T Sy S TOTO Tude P Eco (0) Eco Soc Env Soc (4) (10) Eco (13) →→Soc →→→→→Soc Env ifj Soc Env Eco Env Env Soc Eco Env Env 20 (8 (M) Env → Eco Eco 13) Eco Soc Em Eco Eco Env Soc (9) (12) Eco Soc Soc Em Soc T Em Eco Soc (Example)See Answer
Q7:[20 marks] Question 1: Human-based activities are leading to serious, dramatical, environmental concerns. These activities are leading to an incessant emission of polluants such as CO, O3, SO2, NOX and PMS, straight into the atmosphere. What are the sources of such polluants? Develop your answer upon mentioning health and environmental considerations of such polluants. Moreover, propose some techniques (up to three) that can ultimately help in suppressing such unstopabale emmisions. These techniques, that you will propose, should have a sustainable character for a sustainable future. Hint: Rely on your slides to develop your answer and you must do some literature review to complete it.See Answer
Q8:[60 marks] Question 2: Show all your detailed calculations. The screen analysis shown in Table 1 below applies to a sample of crushed quartz. The density of the spherical particles is around 6542 kg/m³ the sphericity is around 0.771. Refereing to the tabulated data, answer the following questions: a) [5 marks] What is a sieve analysis method? What are the disadvantages of this method compatred to the laser diffraction technique? b) [5 marks] Three interrogation marks are located in the provided table. Determine the values of such unknowns upon noting that the screen opening of the 14-mesh is 70% that of the 10-mesh, and that of the 48-mesh is the average of the screen openings of both meshes sandwiching it. c) [10 marks] Plot the graph evaluating the relationship between screen openings and mass of particles retained on each of the used meshes. You need to provide an explanation of that plot upon analyzing it and concluding its main outcomes. d) [10 marks] For the material between 4-mesh and 150-mesh in particle size, calculate the specific surface of that mixture, in millimeters per gram sample. By how much this surface area will change if 52.7 millimeters of samples are to be analyzed. e) [10 marks] For the material between 4-mesh and 50-mesh in particle size, calculate the number of particles in that mixture, in particles per kilogram sample. f) [5 marks] Based on the data determined in parts d) and e), deduce the values of Ds, D, and Dw- g) [5 marks] What fraction of the total number of particles, contained in the 4/150-mesh, is in the 20/28-mesh increment?/nh) [10 marks] Determine the percentage finer for all mesh screens having openings greater than 4.5 mm yet smaller than 104 cm. Analyze such results and state why these values follow a specific trend (i.e. constantly decreasing or constantly increasing). 4 6 8 10 19948855 20 28 35 Mesh 65 100 150 Pan Table 1: Sieve analysis results data for scrushed quartz. Screen opening (Dpi, mm) 4.699 3.327 2.368 1.651 ? 0.833 0.589 0.417 ? 0.208 0.147 0.104 Mass fraction retained (xi) 0.000 0.0257 0.1256 0.3209 0.2566 0.1090 0.0536 0.0210 0.0102 0.0080 0.0081 0.0013See Answer
Q9:[20 marks] Question 3: Water treatment is viewed as one of the most important tactics that is reflecting positively on the quality of life on earth. Many steps are to be included while treating water. List these steps and provide an explanation on the importance of each. You can refer to your slides (and to any additional reference online). Additionally, mention two main sources of potable water in Kuwait and provide a brief explanation of how water is treated and where it is stored.See Answer
Q10:5. Calculate the heat release rate necessary to cause flashover, using two different approaches. Consider the room 8.1 m x 5.2 m in floor area and 1.9 m in height with a door opening 1.8m height and 0.75m width. The boundary material is Gypsum. Explain the limitations of your chosen approaches. (6 marks)See Answer
Q11:6. Calculate the rate constant at 35 °C and 65 °C in a reaction where the Arrhenius constant (A) is 2.5 x 106 s¹¹ and the activation energy (Ea) is 75 kJ mol-¹. Explain how the temperature difference has affected the rate of reaction. (4 marks)See Answer
Q12:7. Write out the balanced equation for the complete combustion of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) C5O₂H8. The determine how much carbon dioxide is produced when 650 g of PMMA is completely combusted. (3 Marks)See Answer
Q13:9. Estimate the calorific power of the flame above a burning methanol spillage, diameter of pool 4.5 m, mass burning rate is 42 g/(m²s). Net Heat of the combustion is 32.6 MJ/kg fuel, combustion efficiency is 0.80. (4 Marks)See Answer
Q14:10. Calculate the laminar burning velocity for the propane-air mixture under the pressure of 7.30 (4 Marks) atm.See Answer
Q15:11. What are free radicals? What is their relevance to fires? (4 Marks)See Answer
Q16:12. Estimate the extinction coefficient of the smoke produced by flaming combustion of 1.5 kg of polystyrene-foam in a square 6 m room of 1.9 m height. (5 Marks)See Answer
Q17:13. Performance-based regulations for the fire safety and the increased complexity of building design have led to a dramatic increase in the use of computer modelling of smoke and heat movement in buildings. Critically review zone and field models used for compartment modelling. Your report should cover main assumptions, differences between the two models, limitations and prose and cones of both models. Include examples and critically analyse the main assumptions, limitations, advantages and disadvantages of these models. Target word count is 300 words. (8 Marks)See Answer
Q18:14. Critically analyse the effect of ventilation on the composition of smoke using equivalence ratio. Compare over ventilated and under ventilated combustion. Target word count is 300 words. (8 Marks)See Answer
Q19:15. A small wooden crib burns on the floor in the middle of a room. With a total energy release rate of 250 kW. Calculate the mass flow in the plume at heights of 1.0 m and 1.9 m above the floor. Also calculate the plume temperatures at these heights. Assume the radiative fraction of energy loss is 22%. Assume ambient room temperature of 18 °C. Explain your answers. (5 Marks)See Answer
Q20:16. Analyse the process of liquid and solid fuel combustion. What is the role of radiative feedback? Compare the mechanisms of liquid and solid fuel combustion. Target word count is 300 words. (8 Marks)See Answer

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