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Q1:Problem #2 Calculation of percent alcohol (v/v %) in Beer using Internal Standard Chromatography is an important analytical tool because it allows the analyst to separate individual components in a mixture. Gas chromatography is a simple technique with great versatility and is used for the separation and analysis of volatile components in a mixture. The area of a peak in gas chromatography is proportional to the concentration of the analyte in the mixture. For this experiment an internal standard (n-propanol) will be used to minimize random and systematic errors for the analysis of ethanol in various alcoholic beverages. A calibration curve was made using varying amount of ethanol and a constant amount of n-propanol as an internal standard. The data is summarized in Table 1. Table 1: GC peak area response of ethanol and internal standards. (v/v) % Ethanol (v/v) % n- Peak Area Propanol Ethanol Peak Area n-Propanol 0.00 0.50 0.0 301.9 0.13 0.50 45.72 298.6 0.25 0.50 125.4 305.2 0.50 0.50 180.2 260.8 0.75 0.50 380.7 304.7 1.00 0.50 492.4 307.9 Q2. Plot the peak area for ethanol versus the concentration of ethanol a. Include a complete figure with axis titles. (You do not need to include error bars.) b. Perform LINEST for calibration curve and report the slope (m), standard deviation on the slope (sm), intercept (b), standard deviation on the intercept (S), coefficient of determination (r²), and standard deviation of y (s,). Q3. Plot the ratio of ethanol peak area/n-propanol peak area versus concentration of ethanol a. Include a complete figure with axis titles. (You do not need to include error bars.) b. Perform LINEST for calibration curve and report the slope (m), standard deviation on the slope (Sm), intercept (b), standard deviation on the intercept (s), coefficient of determination (r²), and standard deviation of y (sy)./nQ4. A sample of a popular brand of beer (8 ounces) was tested three times. A 10.00 mL sample of beer was diluted into 100.00 mL volumetric flasks with water and enough n-propanol for a final concentration of 0.50%. The following data was obtained for the GC analysis of the diluted beer sample. Table 2: Response of unknown beer sample with internal standard. Sample 1 2 3 %n-propanol 0.50 0.50 0.50 Area ethanol 180 189 182 Area n-propanol 305 298 304 a. Calculate and report the % ethanol in the original beer sample using the signal of ethanol versus concentration calibration curve. b. Calculate and report the % ethanol in the original beer sample using the ratio of signal versus ethanol concentration calibration curve. c. Following your calculations from parts a and b, calculate the % relative and absolute uncertainty for the final concentrations of beer (using average peak areas/ratios) for the two methods. d. Which method gives the best estimate of % ethanol in the beer? Support your answer with results from the analysis.See Answer
Q2:4. Determine the diameter of aerosol particle. The results of the ultramicroscopy: there are 87 aerosol particles in 2,2.10-2 mm³ volume of smoke. Aerosol concentration 1.10- 4kg/m³, density 2 g/sm³, the particles have spherical form.See Answer
Q3:10. Calculate the factor of diffusion of particles of arsenic sulfide sol with radius of particles r=20.10-⁹m, viscosity of dispersion phase n=10-3 Pa-s, temperature T = 288 K.See Answer
Q4:9. Calculate the average displacement in 1 min along a given axis produced by Brownian motion for a spherical particle of radius 0.1 µm suspended in water at 25°C.See Answer
Q5:Penn State CHEM 113 Week 10 Post Lab Questions and Analysis Complete all questions by handwriting the answers directly into your lab notebook. When answering questions, be sure to fully explain your answers. For more detailed instructions, review the Claim, Evidence, Reasoning video. Section F-G. Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base; Interpretation of Titration Curves and Application to Buffer Systems Q1. Fall 2023 Q2. Q3. (a) Plot your data for the titration of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide directly on Figure 1 (page 81). Draw a smooth curve through the points. Cut out and tape this figure into your lab notebook. (b) On your experimental titration curve, label: • The beginning of the titration (before any NaOH has been added) as point A. • The equivalence point as point B. • A point well past the equivalence point as point C. NOTE: Data selected from the computer simulation show that the equivalence point pH is 8.31 and that it occurs after the addition of exactly 5 drops of 0.01 M NaOH. (c) Label the pH at each point, A-C. (d) Label the dominant species in solution at each point, A-C. (e) Label the half-equivalence point and pka. (f) Draw a box around the buffer region and label the two chemical species that form the buffer system. Does the pH at the equivalence point make sense? Explain your answer based on what the dominant species are in the solution at that point. Determine the K₂ for CH3COOH from your experimental titration data. How does this value compare to the K₂ you determined from the computer-generated titration curve in ILQ1?/nQ4. Report how many drops of NaOH you used to prepare your buffer solution and report the pH measured for this buffer solution. Based on the titration curve in Figure 1 and your table from ILQ2, is this the pH that you expected? Explain. Section H. Dilution of Buffers Q5. Q6. Use the Claim, Evidence, Reasoning method to explain the effect of dilution on the pH of buffers. Use the Claim, Evidence, Reasoning method to explain the effect of dilution on buffer capacity. Desk Copy - Return to TASee Answer
Q6:4.A 100 ml aqueous solution containing butyric acid is extracted by octanol, whose log-0.79.P here refers to its octanol-water partition coefficient (Kow). Calculate the extraction efficiencies with four portions of 25 ml fresh octanol. (5 points) (Please show your work).See Answer
Q7:7. (2pts) The lab bench across from you is confident that LDH eluted with the first elution buffer and has kinetic assay data to prove it. What actually eluted and how could they get kinetic data from this "false positive"? (Answer in 4 sentences or less; think about what we are measuring in the kinetic assays)See Answer
Q8:5. (2pts) In lab, you measured an A280 for certain fractions using a Nanodrop. If it was above a certain value, a kinetics assay was performed. Why would some fractions with high A280 values not show activity in the kinetics assay? (3 sentences or less)See Answer
Q9:We have the same binary mixture of compounds A and B in Problem 2. If the mixture has an overall molar composition of 45% A and 55% B, find the following: A. Bubble temperature at 101.3 kPa, analytical solution assuming Raoult's law B. Dew temperature at 101.3 kPa, analytical solution assuming Raoult's law C. Create a Txy plot and find solutions for part A and B graphically assuming Raoult's law 2See Answer
Q10:Question 4 of 5. > Macmillan Learning The absorbance at 470 nm of the Fe(II)-phenanthroline complex was measured for several different Fe²+ concentrations to create a calibration curve. The absorbance at each Fe²+ concentration was measured five times. The absorbance values, already corrected for the blank absorbance, are shown in the table. [Fe²+] (µm) 75.9 53.5 37.7 15.2 182.3 45.575 m= 0.4152 A₁ A₂ A3 A₁ As 0.582 0.591 0.587 0.583 0.588 0.412 0.411 0.421 0.414 0.418 0.264 0.266 0.269 0.258 0.266 0.109 0.113 0.108 0.115 0.111 0.1112 1.367 1.381 1.385 1.370 1.383 1.377 0.2646 average: 0.3418 0.345 0.346 0.343 0.346 0.3443 Use the averages of the replicate absorbance measurements to determine the slope and y-intercept of the best-fit straight line. b= sum: 0.00793 0.177 Incorrect average y, (, - y)²(x₁ - x)² 0.0585 919.6 0.5862 62.8 62.0 Attempt 2 0.0050 0.0063 0.0543 0.1242 922.6 1967 HM-1See Answer
Q11:stion 3 of 5 > The data in the table are used to create a calibration curve for the determination of RNA from its absorbance at 260 nm. Use a spreadsheet and the least-squares method to determine the slope and y-intercept of the best straight line fit to the calibration curve. Do not subtract the blank reading when creating the calibration curve. m= b= RNA (µg) 0.00 10.36 20.72 31.08 41.44 Absorbance at 260 nm 0.268 0.497 0.795 1.131 1.373 Hg-1 Using the slope and intercept of the calibration curve, determine the quantity of RNA in a sample that gives an absorbance of 0.699.See Answer
Q12:Question 7 of 7 > A scientist wishes to measure the concentration of methyl benzoate in a plant stream by gas chromatography. He prepares a sample of butyl benzoate to use as an internal standard. The . results of a preliminary run, which used a solution known to contain 1.83 mg/mL of methyl benzoate (peak A) and 2.01 mg/mL of butyl benzoate (peak B), are shown. The area of peak A is determined to be 304 and the area of peak B is determined to be 3.60 x 10² measured in arbitrary units by the computer. Macmillan Learning To measure the sample, 1.00 ml. of a standard sample of butyl benzoate containing 2.37 mg/ml. is mixed with 1.00 mL of the plant stream material. Analysis of the mixture gave a peak area of 469 for peak A and 411 for peak B. What is the concentration of methyl benzoate in the plant stream? methyl benzoate concentration: Lic Detector Response 10 Time (min) 15 mg/mLSee Answer
Q13:Ⓒ Macmillan Learning Determine the response factor (F). F = After establishing the response factor of the instrument, the researcher collected 13.98 g of spinach, homogenized the sample, and extracted the DDT using an established method, producing a 3.19 mL solution containing an unknown amount of extracted DDT. The researcher then prepared a sample for analysis that contained 0.500 mL of the unknown DDT solution and 2.00 mL of 10.91 mg/L chloroform, which was diluted to a final volume of 25.00 mL.. The sample was analyzed using GCMS, producing peak areas of 6393 and 14403 for the DDT and chloroform, respectively. Calculate the amount of DDT in the spinach sample. Express the final answer as milligrams of DDT per gram of spinach. amount of DDT: mg DDT /g spinachSee Answer
Q14:Question 5 of 7 > The selenium content in soil can be determined fluorometrically upon conversion of the selenium to the fluorescent product shown, followed by extraction in cyclohexane. Emission from the fluorescent product is observed at 518 nm. D Macmillan Learning The selenium content in a 0.175 g soil sample was converted to the fluorescent product and extracted in 50.0 mL of cyclohexane. The method of standard additions was used to determine the selenium content in the soil sample. Initially, 3.00 mL of the cyclohexane solution were placed in a cuvette for fluorescence determination. Several small additions of a 2.01 µg Se/mL standard solution containing the fluorescent product were added to the 3.00 mL solution in the cuvette. The fluorescence was measured at 518 nm. The results are shown in the table. Total added Se standard volume (µL) 0.00 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 Se wt% = Fluorescence intensity (arbitrary units) 54.3 64.5 76.7 91.1 108.3 Determine the weight percent (wt%) of selenium in the soil sample and find the absolute uncertainty in the weight percent of selenium. Report the weight percent and absolute uncertainty with three significant figures. % ± Se %/nSee Answer
Q15:stion 4 of 7 > The lithium concentration in serum taken from a patient being treated with lithium for manic-depressive illness was analyzed using flame emission spectroscopy. A sample of the serum gave a reading of 305 units for the intensity of the 671 nm red emission line. Then, 1.00 mL of a 11.3 mM lithium standard was added to 9.00 mL of serum. This spiked serum gave an intensity reading of 789 units at the 671 nm emission line. What is the original concentration of Li* in the serum? [Lit] = Qu mMSee Answer
Q16:< Question 1 of 7 Standard addition graph. Tooth enamel consists mainly of the mineral calcium hydroxyapatite, Ca, (PO)(OH)₂. Trace elements in teeth of archeological specimens provide anthropologist with clues about diet and diseases of ancient people. Students at Hamline University used atomic absorption spectroscopy to measure strontium in enamel from extracted wisdom teeth. Solutions were prepared as in Figure 5-8 with a constant total volume of 10.0 mL containing 0.733 mg of dissolved tooth enamel plus variable concentrations of added Sr. Added Sr (ng/mL = ppb) Signal (arbitrary units) 0 28.0 2.50 34.3 5.00 42.8 7.50 51.5 10.00 58.6 Pace Sun in each f A5, 10, 15 and 20 v of standard to the five ass Add to Attempt 1 achat -PG Mary, QChemical Analysis, 10 © 2000 WH Freeman and Company IN- Figure 5-8 Standard addition experiment with conto total volane. Pot fx.s verses [5] and the x-interceptis -[X] Prepare a standard addition graph appropriate for this standard addition experiment. Report the R² value of the standard addition graph. Question Source: Quantitative Chemical Analysis 10e | Publisher: WH Freeman/n/nSee Answer
Q17:Problem 16 Considering the octet rule, how many covalent bonds is As most likely to form in a compound? (5pts) [answer in number]See Answer
Q18:Problem 15 What ion is B likely to form? (3pts) [answer A, B, C. DJ A: B³+ B: B5- C: B²+ D: B³-See Answer
Q19:Problem 14 How many electrons are there on the outermost shell nsnp of an alkaline earth atom (groupII)? (3pts) [answer in number]See Answer
Q20:Problem 12 How many unpaired electrons are there on the Mn atom in its ground state configuration? (8 pts) [Answer A, B, C, D, E] A 2 B 5 C0 D E 7 3See Answer

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