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Q1:Which of the following is NOT TRUE in regards to immune memory? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a The second time the immune system is exposed to an antigen, the response is weaker b Allows the immune system to "remember" antigens that have previously activated it U Important feature of how vaccines protect us from infectious diseases Allows the immune system to respond stronger on subsequent exposures to an infectious agentSee Answer
Q2:How is measles spread? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b с d Direct contact Airborne route Consumption of contaminated food/water None of the above SitSee Answer
Q3:The anti-vaccination movement is a fairly new phenomenon; it began in the 21st century and is centered around the measles vaccine. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True b False SmSee Answer
Q4:The immunity provided by a natural infection with COVID-19 is preferred to the immunity provided by a COVID-19 vaccine. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True b False Unanswered WA RA SubSee Answer
Q5:Which of the following communicable diseases requires the greatest percentage of individuals to be vaccinated in order to attain herd immunity? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Influenza b Mumps с Rubella Measles Unanswered SubmitSee Answer
Q6:Every state must have which type of vaccine exemption? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b C d Medical Religious Philosophical/personal belief There is no vaccine exemption that every state has Unanswered OMSee Answer
Q7:Before the licensure and use of the childhood Hib vaccine, Hib was the main cause of what condition in American children? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Bacterial Meningitis b с Postnatal Mental Retardation d e Death A, B, and C A and C Unanswered SubrSee Answer
Q8:Following an infection with an extracellular bacteria (for this example, the made up bacterium Streptocillia outsidica), we would predict that most optimal immune response would involve activation of humoral immunity. For this example, let's assume that when wild type (WT) mice that have no known genetic mutations and a completely functional immune system are infected with S. outsidica, the infection establishes in the lungs and bacteria are able to overwhelm the standard innate immune response of rapid phagocytosis. Not to worry though-the adaptive immune response is initiated, producing antibodies specific to S. outsidica antigens that migrate to the site of infection. After 8-10 days, the infection is cleared and infected WT mice recover. In an experiment, you infect groups of the following genetically modified mice: 1. Mice that are deficient in (ie do not express) C3. 2. Mice that do not produce CD8 T cells. 3. Mice that are deficient in the Fc gamma receptor (FcR) (ie the protein on phagocytes that recognizes the constant region of IgG antibodies). Based on what you know about coordinated immune responses to infection, predict the outcomes of each mutant mouse line with the infection outcome. C3-deficient mice Fcgamma receptor-deficient mice CD8 T cell-deficient mice Previous Mice die by day 5 of the infection Mice survive, but take longer to clear the infection Mice clear the infection faster than WT Mice clear the infection just like WT Mice develop an overwhelming immune response that causes collateral damage to the lung that kills the mice 17 1 point Strep throat is commonly caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. A common symptom of strep throat is the presence of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. This symptom usually peaks 2-4 days after the onset of the infection, and is due to: Damage to epithelial tissue in the throat Release of bacterial PAMPs leading to inflammatory cytokine production Activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of the neck Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to the lymph nodes of the neck Recruitment of additional lymph nodes to the neckSee Answer
Q9:Modern drops in immunization rates have led to an increase in several vaccine preventable diseases, such as measles and whooping cough. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. True b False UnansweredSee Answer
Q10:Imagine you have a family member who is expecting a baby in 3 months. This family member is undecided about whether she will get her baby vaccinated. She has heard conflicting messages, especially in her social media feeds. What information might you share with this family member about vaccines in an effort to dispel myths and provide her with factual information that she can use to make an informed decision. Your answer should be about 300 words in length.See Answer
Q11:Jayne was an eighteen year old freshman in college. On her second day at the college, she and her new roommate went to a "meet and greet" get together in their dorm. There were a lot of snacks and drinks there. After eating a cookie Jayne started developing nausea, itchy skin with large welts, a tingling sensation and tightness in her throat, dizziness and difficulty breathing, and a feeling of doom. She tried to speak to her roommate but her voice was very hoarse. She became unconscious and was rushed to the ER. When the medical personnel examined her she was hypotensive, with tachycardia; her skin was clammy. When the nurse looked in her purse she saw and Epipen injector. On questioning the RA from the residence hall, the ER staff found out that the cookies had peanuts in them. On administering epinephrine, Jayne quickly regained consciousness, her blood pressure rebounded to normal, and the heart rate slowed down. She was discharged the next day. Prompts: 1) What is your diagnosis about Jayne's condition? 2) What is an "antigen-presenting cell" and what role does this type of cell play in an immune response? 3) Explain the interaction that occurs between a T-helper lymphocyte and a B cell when the B cell is being induced to produce peanut-specific IgE. In your explanation, explain the role that the peanut allergen plays in this interaction. 4) In immediate hypersensitivity, the initial exposure to an allergen usually does not produce any symptoms. The symptoms, such as those involved in anaphylaxis, usually appear in the second exposure. What events are occurring during this initial exposure that sensitizes a person to an allergen? In your description include the role of B cells, T cells, IgE, mast cells, basophils and the allergen. 5) Describe how IgE binds and reacts with basophils and mast cells.See Answer
Q12: Description Submit PowerPoint in this section. Late submissions result "0" The power point will be about the same topic of the research paper (RNAm vaccines). It is just to convert the research paper in a power point. Exercise Content Submission Content Vaccine development started more than two centuries ago when English doctor Edward Jenner treated a young boy by injecting him with pus from cowpox blisters found on a milkmaid's hands. Cowpox contains the vaccinia virus, which causes smallpox. The injection immunized the boy against smallpox. Anatomy plays a crucial role in the development of RNA vaccines. Understanding the body's anatomy helps scientists determine the best delivery methods and target specific cells for the vaccine to work effectively. It helps them identify the right tissues and organs to target for a robust immune response. The primary function of RNA is to create proteins via translation. RNA carries genetic information that is translated by ribosomes into various proteins necessary for cellular processes. MRNA, rRNA, and tRNA are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis. Traditional vaccines put a weakened or inactivated germ into our bodies. Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, like the Pfizer and Moderna COMID-19 vaccines, teach cells how to make a protein that triggers an immune response if someone gets infected. However, among the advantages and disadvantages is that RNA-seq provides a broad view of the molecular events related to transcription, including expression levels, splicing, non-coding genes, and additional molecular signals. However, a potential limitation is the specificity of gene expression for certain tissues and developmental.See Answer
Q13: 2/6/24, 7:39 PM Inflammatory Story to Grandma Inflammatory Story to Grandma Start Assignment Description When the outer barriers of innate immunity are damaged, the resulting innate responses to infection or tissue injury can induce a complex cascade of events known as the inflammatory response. Inflammation may be acute or chronic, contributing to conditions such as arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, and Type 2 diabetes. Instructions Imagine you are helping your Grandmother prepare for the Thanksgiving meal and she asks you what you are studying. You have just finished studying about inflammation in your Immunology textbook and you find it fascinating. How would you describe the inflammatory response to your 85 year old Grandmother at Thanksgiving? Remember, your Grandmother does not have the same prior knowledge that you do in this subject matter, so you will need to explain it in a way that will resonate with her. Create a 3 minute video using screencast-o-matic (https://screencast-o-matic.com/)_and describe how inflammation is initiated, the steps of initiation, the recruitment of the various cells and what their role is in this series of events, the hallmarks of an inflammatory response, how key cytokines can have a systemic effect, how inflammation is resolved or if not, how it persists, how the innate and inflammatory responses may be regulated, and how inflammation can be beneficial or harmful to the host. These are different ways you can submit your video. 1. submitted as mp4 files directly in Canvas or link to screencast-o-matic. 2. an embedded video or 3. an accessible link to the video you have uploaded in YouTube or 4. an accessible link to the video you have uploaded in a shareable Google Drive folder. Please do not submit .Mov or .webm video files, as I cannot open them. This video can be just of you presenting, but you are welcome to incorporate images as well. I don't want to limit your creativity! :) 1/3 2/6/24, 7:39 PM Expectations See attached rubric. Inflammatory Story to Grandma Please review the rubric before you begin the assignment to better understand how to do well. Although this rubric has been used to assess written pieces, this rubric is also well-suited to guide you in an oral presentation. Some Rubric (2) 2/3 2/6/24, 7:39 PM Criteria Correct Format This must be a video, and not a PowerPoint Initiation Describe how inflammation is initiated, explaining the steps of initiation Inflammatory Story to Grandma Cells Describe the recruitment of the various cells involved and what their role is in this series of events. Hallmarks What are the hallmarks of an inflammatory response? Cytokines Explain what the key cytokines are, and how they can have a systemic effect even to localized inflammation. Resolution Explain how inflammation is resolved Regulation Describe how the innate and inflammatory responses may be regulated, Harm and benefits Explain how inflammation can be beneficial and also harmful to the host. Ratings 2 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 4 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 4 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 4 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 4 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 4 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 4 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 4 to >0.0 pts Full Marks 0 pts No Marks 0 pts No Marks 0 pts No Marks 0 pts No Marks 0 pts No Marks 0 pts No Marks pts No Marks 0 pts No Marks Pts 2 pts 4 pts 4 pts 4 pts 4 pts 4 pts 4 pts 4 pts Total Points: 30 3/3See Answer
Q14: 2/20/24, 5:21 AM HIV/AIDS Infographic • Points 30 Submitting a text entry box or a file upload Description HIV/AIDS Infographic The transmission of HIV has long thought to be exclusively a sexually transmitted disease. We now know that there are other modes of transmission of this virus. AIDS affects a subset of T cells. At this stage in the course you should be able to describe the T cell populations and what could potentially happen if one of the subsets couldn't function properly. Instructions You are the one of the epidemiologists with the County Health Department where you live, and you have been tasked with the duty of writing a Health Communication infographic to College students about HIV and AIDs. These students have a limited background in biology and have a limited concept of the Immune system, but are curious to learn about this disease. Create a one page infographic that includes the following information: • Describe how the virus attacks a person's immune system. Include descriptions of the virus, its mode of transmission, it's pathogenesis and particularly the specific way in which the immune system is impacted via CD4 cells. Briefly describe the the stages of this disease. • Summarize the role of gp120 and gp41,chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4,the significance of the variants R5,X4 and R5X4. • Describe the epidemiology, how HIV can be prevented; briefly include some information of pre and post exposure prophylaxis. • Provide information about HIV testing. • Describe the current methods of HIV treatment, including ART (antiretroviral therapy). Like all assignments, this one will be examined de rigueur. While the WHO and CDC and other public sites have information that may be tempting to copy, if plagiarism is identified, this whole assignment will be graded as zero. Technical Instructions You are free to use whatever technology you are comfortable with. However, there are some awesome tools out there that will make this process easy for you and should free you up to focus more on creating https://doane.instructure.com/courses/14644/assignments/205682?module_item_id=458004 1/2 2/20/24, 5:21 AM HIV/AIDS Infographic the content of the infographic (and less on the technology). The recommendations are: Piktochart (https://piktochart.com/) Canva (https://www.canva.com/create/infographics/) *Both of these tools have tutorials that will walk you through how to use them, but both of these are basic "click-and-create" tools. Upload the finished product as a PDF to the assignment link. Expectations Exceptional - Content is accurate, with a high level of critical thinking. Author shows originality and independence of thought. Average - Content is not always supported by accurate information, basic reasoning applied to critical thinking, with few original ideas. Below average - Content is mostly inaccurate, vague reasoning and little or no originality. https://doane.instructure.com/courses/14644/assignments/205682?module_item_id=458004 2/2See Answer
Q15:1 QUESTION ANSWER You are required to deliver a presentation that demonstrates your understanding of human immunity. Your presentation must include the three sections outlined below. SECTION ONE Show that you understand non-specific defences against disease by describing the first and second lines of defence giving specific examples e.g. barriers to infection, inflammation, fever, role of macrophages etc. You should use diagrams to support your commentary where appropriate. SECTION TWO Demonstrate that you understand specific immunity by covering the areas below. • Explain the third line of defence e.g. acquired immunity and sensitivity to antigens, the roles of different types of immune cells and immunoglobulins. . • Explain self-recognition and tolerance to own tissues and rejection of transplanted organs. • Describe two specific immune system disorders e.g. Rheumatoid Arthritis, Lupus, Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Dermatographia, etc. You should use diagrams to support your commentary where appropriate. SECTION THREE Show that you understand the biology of vaccination by covering the criteria below. • Describe the categories of acquired immunity including natural, artificial, passive and active. • Explain the immune response to vaccination including immunological memory. . • Discuss the concept of herd immunity, vaccination programmes and factors effecting vaccine uptake. • Evaluate the benefits of vaccination. You should use diagrams to support your commentary where appropriate./nGUIDANCE You will need to produce a set of slides using PowerPoint or similar software. You can then use these to support the delivery of your presentation. Any notes that you have used to support the delivery of your presentation must also be submitted. Your presentation will need to be video recorded, and the relevant file submitted as part of your assignment. The video must clearly show you delivering the presentation with your slides in the background. You must not embed your video file into the presentation slides - it must be submitted as a separate document. A copy of the slides you have written and used will also need to be submitted. Your presentation should be a maximum of 20 minutes in duration. Refer to the study materials in the 'Academic Writing Skills' unit for detailed guidance as to how to structure, produce and deliver a presentation. Refer to pages 14-15 of your course handbook for guidance as to how to upload your video file to the system. Relevant theory must be referenced where appropriate and a references list provided. Your presentation should also contain appropriate diagrams to support your commentary. If these are taken from published sources they must be referenced accordingly./nHide Assessment Criteria • AC 11.1: Describe the first and second lines of defence giving specific examples. • AC 21.1: Explain the third line of defence, acquired (adaptive or specific) immunity. • AC 21.2: Explain self-recognition and tolerance. • AC 21.3: Describe specific immune system disorders. • AC 31.1: Describe the categories of acquired immunity including natural, artificial, passive and active. • AC 31.2: Explain the immune response to vaccination including immunological memory. • AC 31.3: Discuss the concept of herd immunity, vaccination programmes and factors affecting vaccine uptake. • AC 31.4: Evaluate the benefits of vaccination.See Answer
Q16: 3/6/24, 2:32 AM Mini-Essay on Cellular Assays Start Assignment Description Cellular Assays are used in the evaluation and study of the cellular components of the immune system. Instructions Mini-Essay on Cellular Assays Describe the types of cellular assays used in immunology. Include the applications of these methods in routine clinical, functional, studies, as well as in experimental settings. Include a paragraph describing cell cultures and hybridomas. The mini essay is expected to be concise, and the topic covered in a focused, thorough and accurate manner. It should be at least 600 words in length. Your essay must be formatted with 1" margins, 1 1/2 line spacing, 12 point easy-to-read font;include a proper heading at the top. Your essay should begin with a clear introduction and must also have a concluding paragraph. Please submit as a Word doc (attach the file). Expectations See rubric. Mini-Essay https://doane.instructure.com/courses/14644/assignments/205687?module_item_id=458019 1/2 3/6/24, 2:32 AM Criteria Sentence structure, grammar, mechanics, spelling Organization Accuracy and level of content 10 to >6.0 pts Strong Appropriate format for assignment. All sentences are well constructed. The author makes no errors in grammar, mechanics, and/or spelling. 10 to >6.0 pts Strong 10 to >6.0 pts Strong The introduction is inviting, states the main topic, and provides an overview of the paper. Information is relevant and presented in a logical order. The conclusion is strong. Overall unity of ideas is present. Content is accurate. Author shows originality and independence of thought. High level of critical thinking. Mini-Essay on Cellular Assays Ratings 6 to >2.0 pts Average Inconsistent formatting. The author makes a few errors in grammar, mechanics, and/or spelling, but they do not interfere with understanding. 6 to >2.0 pts Average 6 to >2.0 pts Average Content is not always supported by accurate information. Content indicates thinking and reasoning applied with original thought on a few ideas. 2 to >0 pts Weak The introduction states the main topic and provides an overview of the paper. A conclusion is included. Partial unity of ideas. https://doane.instructure.com/courses/14644/assignments/205687?module_item_id=458019 Formatting mostly in elementary form. Sentences sound awkward and difficult to understand. Author makes numerous errors in grammar, mechanics, and/or spelling that interfere with understanding. 2 to >0 pts Weak 2 to >0 pts Weak There is no clear introduction, structure, or conclusion. No unity of ideas. Content is not supported by accurate information. Most ideas are underdeveloped and unoriginal. Ideas are vague with little evidence of critical thinking. Pts 10 pts 10 pts 10 pts Total Points: 30 2/2See Answer
Q17: IMMUNOLOGY VIRTUAL LAB WORKSHEET Go to http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/immunology-virtual-lab. Start the Virtual Lab. Answer the following questions in the spaces provided. 1. What is the principle of the ELISA based on? 2. Is the ELISA you performed a Direct ELISA or Sandwich ELISA? Explain your answer 3. What are five variables that could affect your result? 4. ELISA's are quantitative in nature. Why are serial dilutions performed in this assay? What would happen if the sample is not diluted? 5. Why is it important to incubate the plates at a specific temperature for a certain length of time? 6. What are primary and secondary antibodies in the context of this assay? 7. Why is it necessary to incorporate washing steps in the assay? 8. Describe the signaling system in this ELISA 9. Explain three limitations in this ELISA? 10. Describe the principle of quantification in an ELIS IMMUNOLOGY VIRTUAL LAB WORKSHEETSee Answer
Q18: 3/6/24, 2:31 AM Press ALT + F8 to see a list of keyboard shortcuts Topic: Video on Flow Cytometry - Immunology 3 This is a graded discussion: 30 points possible due Mar 9 Video on Flow Cytometry - Immunology 3 From Immunology for Health Profess Description Flow cytometry is a powerful analytical technique used in molecular and cell biology, including the field of immunology. It is used to count and characterize cells. Instructions There will be two parts to this assignment. Part One: Create a 5 minute video describing: o What flow cytometry is o What the principles of flow cytometry are when it switches to Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) o What data one might interpret from scatter plots generated o What the applications are in immunology • Please make sure you have images in the background that you are describing These are different ways you can submit your video. 1. submitted as mp4 files directly in Canvas or link to screencast-o-matic. 2. an embedded video or 3. an accessible link to the video you have uploaded in YouTube or 4. an accessible link to the video you have uploaded in a shareable Google Drive folder. Please do not submit .Mov or .webm video files, as I cannot open them. Part Two: Peer Responses Remark specifically about the particular applications mentioned. Perhaps you identified different applications than your peer. Talk through their examples, ask questions, and provide feedback. Respond to two peers. When you comment, use the N.O.W. format to guide your response. Notice something of interest 1/2 3/6/24, 2:31 AM Offer a comment Wonder about something Feel free to ask one another questions as well. The idea of a discussion is to promote dialogue and prompt critical thinking. *Responses such as “nice job" or "I agree" without explanation will result in zero points. Expectations Exceptional - Clearly describes flow cytometry, and its application. Peer responses promoted dialogue and prompted critical thinking. Average - Incomplete description of flow cytometry, and its application. Peer responses were short and did not facilitate dialogue beyond one response. Below Average - Inaccurate or irrelevant descriptions of flow cytometry. Peer responses included statements like “I agree”, “that is good/true", etc. and did not facilitate dialogue. Search entries or author Subscribe ✓ Subscribed Topic: Video on Flow Cytometry - Immunology 3 Reply. li Unread 个 ↓ Attach Cancel Post Reply Replies are only visible to those who have posted at least one reply. 2/2See Answer

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