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Q1: For 27th when it is 10:30 AM LT (Clock time),answer the following questions. 1. What is the geographical position (coordinates) of KC? (Points 3) 2. What is the difference of the Local Time (LT) from Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) in hours for KC? 3. Calculate LSTM for KC. 4. Calculate Equation of Time (EoT). 5. Calculate time correction factor. 6. Calculate local solar time. 7. Calculate hour angle for this time.See Answer
Q2: Q 1: The parameters of the circuit in Figure 1are R, =RL = 10k2, C2 =15mA/V. Use s-domain analysis to find5002, C1 = 20µF, R;10pF, and1kQ,Em =the low 3-dB frequency fL, the high 3-dBfrequency fH , and the midband gainAp(mid)APB. (25 Points) See Answer
Q3: Amplitude modulation (broadcast AM) is used to modulate signal to transmit message m1(t), with a modulation indexu=0.75, based upon a carrier with frequency 100 kHz. a. What amplitude of the carrier is added to get this µ? b. Write an expression for 02(t)=DAM(t) – you can leave it in terms of m1(t) c. Find the bandwidth, BT2 , of this modulated signal - 32000 Hz d. Estimate the power efficiency of this signal - the ratio of the sideband power to the total power of the modulatedsignal. (Hint: Intelligent guesstimations will work on this or you can do more work) e. Can an envelope detector be used to demodulate? If no, what needs to change? If yes, name a good RC value thatwould work.See Answer
Q4: Consider the simplified linear de machine we discussed in class. The machine has the following characteristics: B = 0.5 T into page R = 0.2 N l = 0.6 m VR = 110 V Calculate the starting current of the machine, and the machine's velocity at no load. While the external force on the bar remains the same as part (b), suppose the bar runs off into a region in which the flux density is 1.3 T. Calculate the new current and determine its direction. What would be the new induced voltage in the bar?What would be the final steady state speed of the bar? ) Now assume the battery voltage is increased to Vg=130 V while everything else remaining as in part (c). What is the new current, induced voltage, and final steady-state speed of the bar? ) Suppose that an external force of Fapp = 25 N is applied to the bar in the same direction of the bar's motion. Is the machine working as a motor or a generator?Find the new current and determine its direction. What would be the new induced voltage in the bar? What would be the final steady state speed of the bar? How much mechanical power would the bar be producing or consuming? How much electrical power would the bar be producing or consuming? How much electrical power would the battery be producing or consuming?See Answer
Q5: Design a BCD counter. The circuit counts from 0 to 9, then resets back to 0 to restart the counting sequence. The circuit has one input run/stop. If the input is 1, the counter will count. If the input is0, the counter will freeze in its current location until the input is set to 1 again. III IUSI agal• The circuit has one output. It becomes 1 when the counter completes a cycle and starts the next one. Otherwise, that output is 0.See Answer
Q6: Design a counter with the following sequence: 0, 1, 2 ,4, 6. Use JK Flip-Flop.See Answer
Q7: Design a sequential circuit with two D flip-flops A and B, and one input x_in. When x_in = 1, the circuit goes through the state transitions from 00 to 01, to 11, to 10,back to 00, and repeats. When x_in = 0, the circuit goes through the same sequence above, but backwards. The value of x_in can change at any point in time. Therefore, the circuit may reversedirection at any point and follow the sequence in the other direction from that point.See Answer
Q8: Q 2: Design a common-source NMO Samplifier as shown in Figure 2 to give a pass band gain of 20 < |A PB| < 30,Z n(mid) 2 100kohms , a low 3-dB frequency of fL < 10kH z, and a high 3-dB frequency of 200k H z. (25 Points)f Ipss = 12.5mA, ID = 1mA, and Vp = -3.5V ro » Rd ||RL , RL » Rd and RG very large . Rd = 10 k ohms gm = 4.98 * 10-3 R2=500kohms , RL=100kohms , R,5 =5 kohms R2=500kohms , RL 100kohms , R5=5kohms fL = 9.9kHz, fc2 = fL/10 C1 =8n F Rc1 = Rf1 = 110kohms See Answer
Q9: 4. Write C statements that set B to the reverse complement of A, such at B7 = ~A0, B6 = ~A1,etc.See Answer
Q10:Supposed you are tasked to build a simple carbon monoxide sensor that functions in the following way: 1. Measure the CO2 sensor, which gives an analog output of 0 to 1.0V 2. A value of more than 0.5V represents a dangerous level of CO2 (0.0V means no CO2) 3. In the case of a dangerous condition, an alert must be given in the form of illuminating an external LED connected to any GPIO pin. 4. The sampling rate of the sensor must be 1kHz. 5. Use must use an ATTINY84 Microcontroller, which is also an 8-bit AVR processor similar (but different) to our 32u4 (datasheet attached). 1. Take a few minutes to review the datasheet to familiarize yourself with the available GPIO pins, available timers, and ADC setup. Review the address mappings in section 22 as well. For this part of the exam, you can not use known registers like PORTB etc. You must use unsigned char pointers to the correct addresses. 2. Write a function called void SetupTimer() that sets up any timer to function as a 1kHz timer (no PWM generation, no pins connected). The timer should reset every 1ms. Be sure to set up the appropriate registers in section 11.9 of the datasheet. 3. Write a function called void SetupLED() which sets up the selected GPIO pin (you can select any appropriate pin) for the LED alert. 4. Write a function called void SetupADC() which sets up the ADC to the appropriate MUX channel (you can choose any one you want). Set up the ADC to use a prescaler of 16, and use your timer overflow as an Auto Trigger Source for the ADC. See section 16.13.4 (Table 16.7) 5. Write the setup function that calls your functions described above. 6. Write the loop function that reads the ADC and performs the logic to illuminate the LED appropriately. Don't make the LED flicker if the ADC hovers around 0.5V! 7. Sketch the schematic that shows which pins you used and the interconnect diagram of the LED, ATTINY, and the CO2 sensor. 8. Now, using Platform IO, start a new project and use the board "Generic ATTINY84". Import the code you developed in 1. through 7., but now you can use the defined registers like PORTA etc. Submit the .cpp file with your code.See Answer
Q11:Q1 (a) (b) A modern embedded processor is used in the engine management unit for a hybrid petrol/electric car - requiring precise measurement of engine emissions in real time. Discuss whether single precision or double precision floating point arithmetic is most appropriate for the software running on this processor. [4] (c) (d) State the range of allowable values for the exponent and fraction of IEEE-754 single precision floating point numbers. [3] (e) Obtain the IEEE single precision representation for the number -15.62510 showing your working at each point of the analysis. [7] Explain the key differences between the IEEE-754 numbers Ox7f800000 and 0x7fc00000. [3] The code of figure Q1 is executed on a Freescale Kenetis Microcontroller. Assume that the function delayms (int n) creates a delay of n ms. i) ii) iii) Describe the purpose and action of the line PTB->PDDR = 0x080000 noting the pin on which it acts. [4] Why is the bitwise operation '=' not needed when acting upon the registers PCOR and PSOR? [2] } What changes would be necessary in this program so that the output would be observed on port B, pin 3? [2] #include <MKL2524.H> void delayms (int n); int main (void) { SIM->SCGC5= PORTB->PCR [19] PTB->PDDR = 0x080000;" while (1) 1 PTB-PCOR= 0x080000; delayms (500) PTB-PSOR = 6x080000; delayms (500);See Answer
Q12:T Section A. 1. Intel Pentium chips used in Windows PCs need external chips to store data. bytes of on-chip data RAM. 2. The ATmega64 has 3. Which of the following is (are) illegal? and [50 marks] (a) ADD R20, R11 (b) ADD R16, R1 (c) ADD R52, R16 4. What is the status of the C flag after the following code? LDI R20,0x54 LDI R25, 0xC4 ADD R20, R25 5. True or False. In BREQ instruction, the compiler jumps to location if zero flag is active. 6. The time delay of following program is LDI R15, 12 LDI R16, 14 LDI R21, 5 ADD R15, R16 ADD R15, R21 7. Write a short program that make all pins of PORTB one using R19 register. 8. True or False. Parallel communication needs fewer traces and wires than serial communication. if crystal frequency is 8 MHz:See Answer
Q13:1. ARM Data Addressing. Suppose r0=0x8000, and the memory layout is as follows Address 0x8000 0x8001 0x8002 0x8003 0x8004 0x8005 0x8006 0x8007 Data 0x1A 0x2C OxEB OxOD OXFD 0xA3 0XCD 0x79 ARM processors can be configured as big-endianness or little-endianness. What is the value of rl after running? LDR r1, [10] (This instruction basically loads the value found in address [ro] into register rl) a. If little-endianness, rl b. If big-endianness, rl=See Answer
Q14:3- Write a short C code that sets bit 4, 5, and 6 of variable x to 1, 0, and 1, respectively. Suppose x has 32 bits, from bit 0 to bit 31. (Use the masking method you learned in prelab 3)See Answer
Q15: Task List You are to design a temperature control system for a commercial greenhouse environmental management system using an embedded system. You will need to design and develop the hardware and software along with any test procedures. Specification The temperature controller maintains the temperature at 25° using a heater and cooling fan system. In order to compensate for sunlight, the system will use a sodium lamp which will cycle for 10 secs ON and 30 Sec OFF. The system must use an LCD screen to monitor the live temperature values. The system must record the temperature value from the unit every 5 minutes. Hardware and Software Development If using a simulation software, the heater coil, sodium lamp and fan can be replaced by red, yellow and green LEDS respectively to show the correct operation. Your solution can be based on any suitable embedded system such as the Arduino (ATmega 328P), PIC16C84 or AT89S51 from assessment 1. INSTRUCTIONS Need to do only software design and test and Hardware design no report is required You can choose any simulation software Need to povide the mentioned below 1) all the code with comments and output screenshot 2) all the circuits involved 3) all the flow chart 4) and a file which will have list of components like how they'll be connected and all for hardware and software development use ArdunioSee Answer
Q16:6) Write ARM assembly code to do the following: Using only load, move, add, compare, and branch instructions (nothing else from the instruction set), add the contents of 10 adjacent bytes in external memory together -- accumulating the 32-bit sum in register RO. You must use a loop (in other words, you must use CMP and a branch). Assume the 10 bytes start at memory location 0x20000000. You are adding 10, 8-bit values together and putting the sum in a 32-bit register. (10 points) 7) Show the raw memory representation for the string "FALL 2023" assuming it takes on an ASCII encoding (note the single spaces between each word). Show both the memory location and the value of the data stored in that memory location. Assume the string begins storage at memory location x. Show all numerical values in hex. (5 points) Address: Value: M(x) = M(x+1)= M(x+2)= M(x+3)= M(x+4) = M(x+5)= M(x+6)= M(x+7)= M(x+8)=See Answer
Q17:ELEC 310 HW2 1. ARM Data Addressing. Suppose r0 = 0x8000, and the memory layout is as follows Address Data 0x8000 0x1A 0x8001 0x2C 0x8002 OxEB 0x8003 0xOD 0x8004 0xFD 0x8005 0xA3 0x8006 0xCD 0x8007 0x79 ARM processors can be configured as big-endianness or little-endianness. What is the value of rl after running? LDR r1, [10] (This instruction basically loads the value found in address [r0] into register r1) a. If little-endianness, r1 = b. If big-endianness, r1= 2- A GPIO port supports a total of 16 pins. The mode register for a GPIO port has 32 bits, with two bits for each pin (Pin 0 - Pin 15). The definition of these two bits is as follows: digital input (00), digital output (01), alternate function (10), and analog (11). Suppose we need to set the mode of port B pin 9 to digital output. Does the following C code always work? Explain why? GPIOB->MODER |= (1 << 18); 3- Write a short C code that sets bit 4, 5, and 6 of variable x to 1, 0, and 1, respectively. Suppose x has 32 bits, from bit 0 to bit 31. (Use the masking method you learned in prelab 3)See Answer
Q18: A laser pointer emits red light having peak wave length of 750 nm. Calculate the energy of the photons it is emitting.See Answer
Q19: Sketch the frequency domain representation of the intermediate signals involved in the “Chopper Amplifier" application. If the chopper frequency is 100kHz, and the chopper duty cycle is100D% (or, its fraction is D, a number 0-1), determine the signal amplification as a function of the band pass amplifier A and the duty cycle D.See Answer
Q20: Derive, by hand, the solution to steady state error for this unity feedback system with a PI controller. Compare to your MATLAB result. Enter the steady state error here.See Answer

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