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  • Q1:3 dB? Repeat for 6 dB and 10 dB. noise figure of 24. Suppose two aircraft are flying straight and level at the same altitude. At a particular instant one is traveling due north at 100 m/s, while the other is flying directly at the s/ 001 100 m/sSee Answer
  • Q2:Results: Describe in words what the data means. Sometimes the Results section is combined with the Discussion (Results & Discussion). Discussion or Analysis: The Data section contains numbers. The Analysis section contains any calculations you made based on those numbers. This is where you interpret the data and determine whether or not a hypothesis was accepted. This is also where you would discuss any mistakes you might have made while conducting the investigation. You may wish to describe ways the study might have been improved. Conclusions: Most of the time the conclusion is a single paragraph that sums up what happened in the experiment, whether your hypothesis was accepted or rejected, and what this means. Figures and Graphs: Graphs and figures-must-both-be-labeled with a descriptive title. Label the axes on a graph, being sure to include units of measurement. The independent variable (frequency, in our experiment) is on the X-axis. The dependent variable (the one you are measuring) is on the Y-axis (VSWR, Reactance, Resistance). Your antenna pattern data will be plotted azimuthally, dB vs rotation angle on polar plot paper or using plotting software. Be sure to refer to figures and graphs in the text of your report. The first figure is Figure 1, the second figure is Figure 2, etc.See Answer
  • Q3:3. Use the "Sommerfeld ground" option in FEKO and choose some specific values of the parameters for the lossy ground. You can use a value for the conductivity 10-03 ≤ ≤ 12 × 10-03 Siemens/meter, and, the relative permittivity as & = 15; the permeability is Mo = 4π X 10-07 Henries/meter. (These are the data one needs to enter when using the Sommerfeld ground option in FEKO.) Repeat the results of part 1 using the lossy ground option and compare your results in part 3 against the ones obtained in parts 1 and 2.See Answer
  • Q4:2. Model the geometry in FEKO. To do so, take the same frequency as in question 1, and select the dipole length to be ≤ and carrying a constant current. Repeat the case of question 1 but now the full-wave solver FEKO is used which is assumed to be more accurate than the analytical model. Now present your results for part 1 and 2 (analytical vs. full-wave FEKO) and comment on the accuracy of the analytical results.See Answer
  • Q5:1. Choose a specific value of the angle 8. Now plot the gain as a function of the height kd. Repeat the same for some other values. Specifically take 0 = 45°, 90°, 135º and choose 0 ≤ kd ≤ 200 for each of these three values of the angle 8. Plot the gain at each of these three values vs. kd and choose about 200 datapoints. (Use MATLAB to do the calculations.) You can choose any frequency between 1 and 5 GHz which shall determine wavenumber k.See Answer
  • Q6:Objectives: Set up antenna experiment, analyze/interpret data, and use engineering judgment to draw conclusions. Report effectively with a range of audiences. A B RG-39-7 2 D Figure 1. An example coaxial cable is shown. 'A' denotes the outer insulator. 'B' denotes the outer conductor. 'C' denotes the inner insulator. 'D' denotes the inner conductor. Lab 6 Instructions: a) Investigate using a coaxial cable to create a center-fed half-wavelength dipole antenna with a length of about 2.45 inches (i.e. dipole length). Assume the coaxial cable has an SMA connectors. b) Write a report for Lab6. A sample Lab6 report outline is below: 1. Introduction/Team Members/Team Members Contribution Paragraph(s) should introduce the laboratory, team member names, contributions of each team member, etc. (If a member doesn't contribute, then simply list their contribution as none. You will not lose points for the other team members lack of contributions.) II. Block Diagram Sketch of Experiment Create a block diagram(s) or sketch(s) as described below. Include a figure caption(s), annotations, etc. for your block diagram(s). A. Create sketches illustrating the assemble/build steps for a design of center-fed half-wavelength dipole antenna with a length of about 2.45 inches (i.e. dipole length). B. Sketch the current distribution for a center-fed half-wavelength dipole antenna. III. Data Analysis and Interpretation A. Calculate the length in cm of your center-fed half-wavelength dipole antenna design. B. Calculate the free-space frequency corresponding to a wavelength of 4.90 inches. C. Discuss bandwidth of your center-fed half-wavelength dipole antenna design. IV. Conclusions Paragraph(s) summarizing what you learned/discovered in the lab experience. Considering the concepts learned during this course, draw conclusions. c) Create a file (i.e. pdf, doc, or docx) of your Lab6 report. Each student creates their own Lab6 report. d) In Canvas, upload your Lab6 report (i.e. pdf, doc, or docx) to LAB6 (See Tab -> Canvas Assignments) by its Canvas due date.See Answer
  • Q7:250e jkr r 2. The far-field electric field of an antenna is given as: E = a. Find the normalized radiation pattern of this antenna, U. b. Find the radiated power, Prad. C. Plot U in the orthogonal planes of the y-z plane and the x-y plane. What are the HPBWs in these two planes? d. Find the directivity, Do. Assuming an overall efficiency of 90%, find Go. s(2)sin(ø). COSSee Answer
  • Q8:1. A satellite communication system includes a satellite located 20000 km above earth that operates at 11 GHz. The satellite has a directivity of 25 dB. Assume a total efficiency (per each antenna in the system) of 90% and perfect polarization matching. If the satellite serves as the system receiver and there is an additional transmitting antenna on earth with a directivity of 32 dB, find: a. the free space transmission loss in dB. b. the received power when the transmitted power is 400 W.See Answer
  • Q9:a) Four antenna normalized power pattern equations are given below: 1. cos² where 0° ≤0≤90°,0° <0≤360° 2. cos² 20 where 0 <0≤90,0° <≤360° where 0 <0≤90°,0° ≤0≤360° 3. sin² 4. sin 20 where 0 ≤0≤90°,0° ≤≤360° Investigate the four antenna patterns given above.See Answer
  • Q10:2.16. The normalized radiation intensity of an antenna is rotationally symmetric in , and it is represented by U= 0° ≤ 0 < 30° 0.5 30° 0 < 60° 0.1 60° ≤0 < 90° 0 90° ≤ 0 ≤ 180° (a) What is the directivity (above isotropic) of the antenna (in dB)? (b) What is the directivity (above an infinitesimal dipole) of the antenna (in dB)?See Answer
  • Q11:2.10. In target-search ground-mapping radars it is desirable to have echo power received from a target, of constant cross section, to be independent of its range. For one such application, the desirable radiation intensity of the antenna is given by U(0,4)= 1 0.342 csc(0) 0 {0.34 0° ≤ 0 <20° 20° ≤ 0 < 60° 60° ≤ 0 ≤ 180° Find the directivity (in dB) using the exact formula. 1 0 5 0° ≤ ≤ 360°See Answer
  • Q12:2.12. The normalized radiation intensity of a given antenna is given by (a) U = sin sin (b) U = sin 0 sin² (d) U = sin²0 sin (f) U = sin² 0 sin³ (c) U = sin 0 sin³ (e) U = sin²0 sin² The intensity exists only in the 0 ≤ 0 ≤ π,0 ≤ ≤ region, and it is zero elsewhere. Find the (a) exact directivity (dimensionless and in dB). (b) azimuthal and elevation plane half-power beamwidths (in degrees).See Answer
  • Q13:Coursework Title: Antenna Simulation using AWR and Digital Modulation using MATLABSee Answer
  • Q14:1- When a cable carries multiple currents, all in the same direction, this would be associated with which coupling mode? Select one: A. Differential mode B. Common mode C. Antenna mode D. Common impedance E. None of the above 2- Interference at the source can be reduced by: Select one: A. Low noise design B. Shielding C. Decoupling D. Filtering E. All of the above 3- Shielding for magnetic fields at low frequency can be done with: Select one: A. Purely conductive material B. Aluminium C. Copper D. A high-permeability material such as mu-metal or its derivatives E. B & C 4- In hazardous areas, one would be more inclined to consider Select one: A. both the upper and lower explosive limit B. the lower explosive limit C. the upper explosive limit D the upper flammable limit 5- An instrument is to be mounted in a hazardous area. If it is marked T2" (maximum surface temperature of 300°C). Select one: A. it is safe to be used with gasses and vapours that have an ignition temperature greater than 300°C. B. it is safe to be used with gasses and vapours that have an ignition temperature lower that 300°C. C it can only be used with gasses and vapours whose ignition temperature is 300°C. D. it is unsafe as it gets too hot 6- ATEX 100a European Directive deals solely with Select one: A. the minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from an explosive atmosphere B. the zone classification of a hazardous area C equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres D. the IEC Standard to which equipment is certified 7- Who, generally speaking, is held responsible for the appropriate explosion protection safety of any given installation? Select one: A. The installer B. The equipment supplier C. The certifying authority D. The plant owner 8- HAZOPS work best if they are conducted Select one: A. when the P&IDs have been finalised, but before detailed design has commenced B. at any time. They are not influenced by P&IDs C. over beer and pretzels D. before the P&IDs have started 9- Which of the following listed certificate numbers would be for an equipment which has special conditions for installation of operation? Select one: A. BASOSATEX1234 U B. PTB07ATEX1784X C. SIRA09ATEX0645/1 D. CESI08ATEX1323See Answer
  • Q15: A transmitting antenna has the normalized radiation pattern shown below.The pattern is rotationally symmetric, meaning that there is no -dependence. The antenna has a directivity of 11 dBi and an efficiency of 94%. The transmitter feeding the antenna has an output power of 1.5 W. The system operates at a frequency of 11 GHz.The transmission line between the transmitter and antenna introduces a loss of 5 dB. (a) The receiving station is 20 km away, and it is initially located at theta = 0°. What is the power density (in W/m²) produced in the vicinity of the receiving station? (b) The receiving antenna now moves. It is still 20 km away, but it is now at theta = 36º.What is the power density (in W/m²) produced in the vicinity of the receiving station at its new location? See Answer
  • Q16: ). Design a 10 × 8 (10 in the x-direction and 8 in the y) element uniform planar array so that the main maximum is oriented along thetag = 10°, phi o = 90°. For a spacing of d, = d, = 1/8between the elements, find the (a) progressive phase shift between the elements in the x and y directions (b) directivity of the array (c) half-power beamwidths (in two perpendicular planes) of the array.See Answer
  • Q17: An array of 10 isotropic elements are placed along the z-axis a distance d apart. Assum-ing uniform distribution, find the progressive phase (in degrees), half-power beam width (in degrees), first-null beam width (in degrees), first side lobe level maximum beam width (indegrees), relative side lobe level maximum (in dB), and directivity (in dB) (using equations and the computer program Directivity of Chapter 2, and compare) for (a) broadside (b) ordinary end-fire (c) Hansen-Woodyard end-fireSee Answer
  • Q18: Design a uniform broadside linear array of N elements placed along the z-axis with a uniformspacing d = /10 between the elements. Determine the closest integer number of elementsso that in the elevation plane the (a) Half-power beam width of the array factor is approximately 60°. (b) First-null beam width of the array factor is 60°.See Answer
  • Q19: (a) A 50 m long lossless transmission line with Zo = 50 ohms operating at 50 MHz is terminated with a load ZL = 90 + j 30 ohms. If the wave velocity is u =0.8 c,where cis the speed of light in vacuum, find: i. The reflection coefficient ii. The input impedance (b) The Direct Broadcast System (DBS) satellite (at a distance of 39000 km)transmits at 13 GHz in the Ku Band, with a transmit power of 200 W, with a transmit antenna gain of 35 dB and with an IF (Intermediate Frequency)bandwidth of 30 MHz. The ground receiving station dish has a gain of 32 d Band sees an average background brightness temperature of Tb = 50 K. The receiver LNB (Low Noise Block) has a noise figure of 1.8 dB. Find: i.The EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) ii.The power received at the input of the LNB iii.The signal to Noise ratio at the LNB output iv.Comment on what would happen if both transmit and receive antennas are replaced by typical monopole antennas. (c) A certain two-port network is measured and the following scattering matrix is obtained: [S]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 0.3 \angle 0^{\circ} & 0.7 \angle 90^{\circ} \\ 0.7 \angle 90^{\circ} & 0.3 \angle 0^{\circ} \end{array}\right] From the data determine: i.If the network is reciprocal ii.If the network is lossless (d) Briefly describe how the following RF systems operate: i.Wilkinson power divider ii.CirculatorSee Answer
  • Q20: If the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of a wireless link is 20DB and the Radio Frequency(RF) bandwidth is 20kHz, using Shannon's capacity formula, determine the maximum theoretical data rate that can be transmitted.(5 marks) b)With the aid of block diagrams explain the principle operation of (DSSS) Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and (FHSS) Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum transmission techniques.(12 marks) With the aid of a diagram and a brief explanation, what is the purpose of the autocorrelation function, and how does it work in a DSSS WLAN.(8 marks)See Answer

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