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Q1:1 5 points A series stub is used to match a 80 transmission line to a load of 100 . Find the insertion point closest to the load. Give your answer with at least 3 decimal places. Solve the problem using paper, pen and a calculator and upload your worked answers using the upload media button (landscape icon). Alternatively you may type the steps, calculations and solution in the text box and use the equation editor MathQuill available in the free text box menu (symbol fx). 2 marks will be awarded for the clarity and justification of the answer and 3 marks for the answer and workings.See Answer
Q2:1. Design a line of sight communications link to operate on a frequency of 2.4 GHz with a transmission BW of 100 kHz. The transmitter will have a power of 10 W and an antenna gain of 12 dBi. The receiver will be located 10 miles away, have an antenna gain of 13 dBi and a noise figure of 2 dB. A) What is the power at the input to the receiver in dBm? B) What is the signal to noise ratio? (Assume an antenna noise temperature of 290 K). C) Discuss possible antennas that could be used at the receiver?See Answer
Q3:D A.-3.9 dB 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1 C.-8.7 dB 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Figure 1. An antenna's directivity when = 60° is shown. The antenna's radiation efficiency is 30%. The antenna's magnitude of voltage reflection coefficient is 0.3. The maximum directivity for the entire antenna pattern is 1.5. The frequency of operation is 20 GHz. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 9 [deg] 1. (25 points). Using Figure 1, select using Canvas the answer (i.e. A, B, C, or D) below that best represents the antenna realized gain, Grealized, in the direction 0 = 35° and = 60°? B. 1.5 dB D. 0.5 dBSee Answer
Q4:GIVEN: In the far-field a transmit antenna and receive antenna are separated by a distance of 500 m in free space. The transmitter power system setting is 13 dBm at 20 GHz. The received power system measurement 1 x 10³ W at 20 GHz. Complete problem 2 using the given information above. 2. (25 points). If the transmit antenna and receive antenna are identical with a radiation efficiency of 30%, polarization- matched antennas, matched to their transmission lines for zero reflections, and aligned for maximum radiation between them, select using Canvas the answer (i.e. A, B, C, or D) below that best represents the directivity of the receive antenna? A. 20 dB C. 15 dB B. 300 dB D. 30 dBSee Answer
Q5:1. A satellite communication system includes a satellite located 20000 km above earth that operates at 11 GHz. The satellite has a directivity of 25 dB. Assume a total efficiency (per each antenna in the system) of 90% and perfect polarization matching. If the satellite serves as the system receiver and there is an additional transmitting antenna on earth with a directivity of 32 dB, find: a. the free space transmission loss in dB. b. the received power when the transmitted power is 400 W.See Answer
Q6:250e jkr r 2. The far-field electric field of an antenna is given as: E = a. Find the normalized radiation pattern of this antenna, U. b. Find the radiated power, Prad. C. Plot U in the orthogonal planes of the y-z plane and the x-y plane. What are the HPBWs in these two planes? d. Find the directivity, Do. Assuming an overall efficiency of 90%, find Go. s(2)sin(ø). COSSee Answer
Q7:Objectives: Set up antenna experiment, analyze/interpret data, and use engineering judgment to draw conclusions. Report effectively with a range of audiences. A B RG-39-7 2 D Figure 1. An example coaxial cable is shown. 'A' denotes the outer insulator. 'B' denotes the outer conductor. 'C' denotes the inner insulator. 'D' denotes the inner conductor. Lab 6 Instructions: a) Investigate using a coaxial cable to create a center-fed half-wavelength dipole antenna with a length of about 2.45 inches (i.e. dipole length). Assume the coaxial cable has an SMA connectors. b) Write a report for Lab6. A sample Lab6 report outline is below: 1. Introduction/Team Members/Team Members Contribution Paragraph(s) should introduce the laboratory, team member names, contributions of each team member, etc. (If a member doesn't contribute, then simply list their contribution as none. You will not lose points for the other team members lack of contributions.) II. Block Diagram Sketch of Experiment Create a block diagram(s) or sketch(s) as described below. Include a figure caption(s), annotations, etc. for your block diagram(s). A. Create sketches illustrating the assemble/build steps for a design of center-fed half-wavelength dipole antenna with a length of about 2.45 inches (i.e. dipole length). B. Sketch the current distribution for a center-fed half-wavelength dipole antenna. III. Data Analysis and Interpretation A. Calculate the length in cm of your center-fed half-wavelength dipole antenna design. B. Calculate the free-space frequency corresponding to a wavelength of 4.90 inches. C. Discuss bandwidth of your center-fed half-wavelength dipole antenna design. IV. Conclusions Paragraph(s) summarizing what you learned/discovered in the lab experience. Considering the concepts learned during this course, draw conclusions. c) Create a file (i.e. pdf, doc, or docx) of your Lab6 report. Each student creates their own Lab6 report. d) In Canvas, upload your Lab6 report (i.e. pdf, doc, or docx) to LAB6 (See Tab -> Canvas Assignments) by its Canvas due date.See Answer
Q8:1. Choose a specific value of the angle 8. Now plot the gain as a function of the height kd. Repeat the same for some other values. Specifically take 0 = 45°, 90°, 135º and choose 0 ≤ kd ≤ 200 for each of these three values of the angle 8. Plot the gain at each of these three values vs. kd and choose about 200 datapoints. (Use MATLAB to do the calculations.) You can choose any frequency between 1 and 5 GHz which shall determine wavenumber k.See Answer
Q9:2. Model the geometry in FEKO. To do so, take the same frequency as in question 1, and select the dipole length to be ≤ and carrying a constant current. Repeat the case of question 1 but now the full-wave solver FEKO is used which is assumed to be more accurate than the analytical model. Now present your results for part 1 and 2 (analytical vs. full-wave FEKO) and comment on the accuracy of the analytical results.See Answer
Q10:3. Use the "Sommerfeld ground" option in FEKO and choose some specific values of the parameters for the lossy ground. You can use a value for the conductivity 10-03 ≤ ≤ 12 × 10-03 Siemens/meter, and, the relative permittivity as & = 15; the permeability is Mo = 4π X 10-07 Henries/meter. (These are the data one needs to enter when using the Sommerfeld ground option in FEKO.) Repeat the results of part 1 using the lossy ground option and compare your results in part 3 against the ones obtained in parts 1 and 2.See Answer
Q11:1- When a cable carries multiple currents, all in the same direction, this would be associated with which coupling mode? Select one: A. Differential mode B. Common mode C. Antenna mode D. Common impedance E. None of the above 2- Interference at the source can be reduced by: Select one: A. Low noise design B. Shielding C. Decoupling D. Filtering E. All of the above 3- Shielding for magnetic fields at low frequency can be done with: Select one: A. Purely conductive material B. Aluminium C. Copper D. A high-permeability material such as mu-metal or its derivatives E. B & C 4- In hazardous areas, one would be more inclined to consider Select one: A. both the upper and lower explosive limit B. the lower explosive limit C. the upper explosive limit D the upper flammable limit 5- An instrument is to be mounted in a hazardous area. If it is marked T2" (maximum surface temperature of 300°C). Select one: A. it is safe to be used with gasses and vapours that have an ignition temperature greater than 300°C. B. it is safe to be used with gasses and vapours that have an ignition temperature lower that 300°C. C it can only be used with gasses and vapours whose ignition temperature is 300°C. D. it is unsafe as it gets too hot 6- ATEX 100a European Directive deals solely with Select one: A. the minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from an explosive atmosphere B. the zone classification of a hazardous area C equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres D. the IEC Standard to which equipment is certified 7- Who, generally speaking, is held responsible for the appropriate explosion protection safety of any given installation? Select one: A. The installer B. The equipment supplier C. The certifying authority D. The plant owner 8- HAZOPS work best if they are conducted Select one: A. when the P&IDs have been finalised, but before detailed design has commenced B. at any time. They are not influenced by P&IDs C. over beer and pretzels D. before the P&IDs have started 9- Which of the following listed certificate numbers would be for an equipment which has special conditions for installation of operation? Select one: A. BASOSATEX1234 U B. PTB07ATEX1784X C. SIRA09ATEX0645/1 D. CESI08ATEX1323See Answer
Q12: If the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of a wireless link is 20DB and the Radio Frequency(RF) bandwidth is 20kHz, using Shannon's capacity formula, determine the maximum theoretical data rate that can be transmitted.(5 marks) b)With the aid of block diagrams explain the principle operation of (DSSS) Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum and (FHSS) Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum transmission techniques.(12 marks) With the aid of a diagram and a brief explanation, what is the purpose of the autocorrelation function, and how does it work in a DSSS WLAN.(8 marks)See Answer
Q13: If a correctly terminated line has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms and a measuredvelocity of propagation of 2.2 x 108 m/s with an attenuation of 6dB/km. If a faultdevelops, and the reflected pulses are returned non-inverted after 10us with amagnitude 0.025 of that of the transmitted pulse. Calculate the resistance and position(9 marks)of the fault With the aid of diagrams, explain what happens when the load of a terminatedtransmission line: (i) Increases in resistance. (ii) Decreases in resistance. When considering a pulse moving along a transmission line; with the aid of a diagram,explain the difference between a lumped and distributed system with reference to thetwo-way delay time 2·t and the rise time of the pulse.(6 marks) With the aid of a diagram, show how a transmission line can be represented as anelectric circuit; and list the electrical properties of the transmission line with appropriateunits of measurement.(4 marks)See Answer
Q14: Consider the closed-loop control system shown below: \text { where } C(s)=K D_{c}(s) \text { and } G(s)=\frac{1}{(s+1)\left(\frac{s}{2}+1\right)\left(\frac{s}{5}+1\right)} The design requirements are given below: \text { 1. Stcady-state requircment: } K_{p} \geq 9 \text { ( } K_{p} \text { is a static position crror constant.) } 2. Transient requirement: phase margin > 45 deg Problem 1. (10 points) Assuming De(s) = 1, dctcrminc K such that you can achicve thesteady-state requirement. Then, provide the Bode plot of the open-loop with the stabilitymargins (use "margin" command in MATLAB).See Answer
Q15: Problem 4. (10 points) Run step response simulations with your load and lag compensators. Provide your MATLAB code and plots.See Answer
Q16: (a) A 50 m long lossless transmission line with Zo = 50 ohms operating at 50 MHz is terminated with a load ZL = 90 + j 30 ohms. If the wave velocity is u =0.8 c,where cis the speed of light in vacuum, find: i. The reflection coefficient ii. The input impedance (b) The Direct Broadcast System (DBS) satellite (at a distance of 39000 km)transmits at 13 GHz in the Ku Band, with a transmit power of 200 W, with a transmit antenna gain of 35 dB and with an IF (Intermediate Frequency)bandwidth of 30 MHz. The ground receiving station dish has a gain of 32 d Band sees an average background brightness temperature of Tb = 50 K. The receiver LNB (Low Noise Block) has a noise figure of 1.8 dB. Find: i.The EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) ii.The power received at the input of the LNB iii.The signal to Noise ratio at the LNB output iv.Comment on what would happen if both transmit and receive antennas are replaced by typical monopole antennas. (c) A certain two-port network is measured and the following scattering matrix is obtained: [S]=\left[\begin{array}{cc} 0.3 \angle 0^{\circ} & 0.7 \angle 90^{\circ} \\ 0.7 \angle 90^{\circ} & 0.3 \angle 0^{\circ} \end{array}\right] From the data determine: i.If the network is reciprocal ii.If the network is lossless (d) Briefly describe how the following RF systems operate: i.Wilkinson power divider ii.CirculatorSee Answer
Q17: At 50m you receive a -60 dBmW signal, at a frequency of 5GHZ. What was thetransmitted power in Watts if you ignore antenna gain and any losses.Please show all your working.(a)(10 marks) (b)A data transmission line has the following characteristics: Characteristic impedance: 50N Сараcitance: 100pF/m Attenuation (per 100m):1 1. The inductance per metre of the line 2. The attenuation coefficient at 10MHZ 3. The phase delay in degrees between two points over 5 metres at a frequency of10MHZ(6 marks)See Answer
Q18: Problem 3. (15 points) Design the lag compensator such that you achieve the both re-requirements. D_{c}(s)=\frac{T_{i} s+1}{\alpha T_{i} s+1} where a > 1. Use K you designed in Prob. 1. Provide the Bode plot of the open-loop with the stability margins. You will need iterations to find the correct T; and a.See Answer
Q19: Problem 2. (15 points) Design the lead compensator such that you can achieve the both requirements. D_{c}(s)=\frac{T_{d} s+1}{\alpha T_{d} s+1} where a < 1. Use K you designed in Prob. 1. Provide the Bode plot of the open-loop with the stability margins. You will need iterations to find the correct max and maxSee Answer
Q20: There is a requirement to design a digital broadcast transmission system that uses QuadratureAmplitude Modulation (QAM) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). a) Explain with the aid of diagrams how QAM encodes and decodes data and explain the difference between data rate and symbol rate.(8 marks) b) Explain with aid of diagrams why Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)would be a suitable modulation scheme for a digital broadcast transmission system and why the symbol duration is an important design consideration?(8 marks) c) If the transmission system was capable of transmitting 64kbps with a symbol rate of 4ms.(Please show and explain all calculations for the following): Determine and justify the number of OFDM carriers. b. Explain and justify the QAM encoding level required to achieve the above.See Answer

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