1. (5 points) A person holds himself up in a pushup position. Consider one of the person's arms, with the pivot being the hand on the ground. Are the biceps brachii

1- Write an essay on the importance of anthropometry and how anthropometric data can be used in the design of workplaces to protect the workers from work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Section III: Consider the picture of the diners below. You can see that the man would benefit fromleaning forward while eating. Fill-in your answers to the questions in the table that are related to the scenarioin the picture. (10 Points)For this section, consider the man in the picture (4 points):1. What motions are required at each ofthe following joints for this man to beable to lean forward? (2 points)2. Name one muscle that could bestrengthened so this segment can movein the intended direction. (2 points)Thoracic & LumbarVertebraeFor this section, consider the woman compared to the man (4 points):3. How are the woman's cervicalvertebrae moving in a different motionthan the man? In other words, what doesshe do with her neck while leaningforward to eat that the man does not?(you may want to experiment recreatingthe motions yourself) (2 points)4. What motion is different between thewoman's thoracic spine position and theman's? (2 points)Woman'sHip JointMan's/nSection II:Consider the picture of the young girl using scissors. Answer the questions in the table,associated with the joints and muscles involved in this activity. Limit your analysis to theclosing phase of scissor use rather than the opening phase. (15 points)1. Name themotion beingused. (4 points)2. Name onemusclecontributing tothe motion above(4 points)3. Name the mainnerve thatinnervates eachof your chosenmuscles (4 points)Right Wrist JointRight Finger MCPJointsRight Finger PIPJointsRight Thumb CMC& MCP Joints

Problem 6. (15 pt) The maximum capacity to utilize oxygen (aerobic capacity) is described by the term VO₂ max [Louhevaara et al., 1986]. 0.031 P T 5700 10° This equation describes the relationship between the amount of time (T, in sec) a task can be carried out continuously, until exhaustion, and the demand of the task (P) expressed as a percentage of VO₂ max (eg. P = 0.65).

Problem 4. (15 pt) See the following Figure 2. Assume the mass of the jar is 25kg (ignore the weight of bucket in hands) and it is balanced directly above the lumbar spine. Roughly calculate the additional spinal compression due to the load. Comment on the effect on spinal loading, if any, of carrying a 5kg baby in the manner shown. Figure 2. Efficient load carriage. The jar is carried on the head and the child is carried on the low back. The spine and pelvis are loaded axially.

Problem 2. (15 pt) A worker unloads 20 kg sacks of apples from a conveyor and loads them onto a shute, from whence, they are dispatched. He loads for 2h per day at a rate of 5 sacks per minute. The height of the conveyor is 60cm and the height of the shute is 100 cm. There is an angle of asymmetry of 45 degree and the load is held 30 cm from the body. 1. Use the NIOSH equation to calculate the RWL and the LI (lifting index). Lifting index is the ratio between the load and the RWL. 2. Comment on the safety of the task and identify the risk factors.

Problem 3. (20 pt) NIOSH (1991) has developed an equation for calculating the recommended weight limit (RWL) for a specific lifting task. RWL-LC x HM X XM x DM x AM x FM x CM NIOSH method can be found in the publications of the Institute (eg. PB91-226274) or http://wonder.cdc.govy/wonder/PreyGuid/p0000427/p0000427.asp#head005001001000000 Please use Figure of lift task to illustrate the terms (LC, HM, XM, DM, AM, FM, and CM) used in this equation, and calculate RWL. For example, you can start from making an assumption that the person in the picture follows the anthropometry measures of a median US Army soldier, so their foot length is the mean from Table 1.3 in Topic 3 Part II's slides. Then, you can estimate the actual value of H, V, D. (a) (b) Figure 1 NIOSH approach to lifting task evaluation. (a) H is the distance of load from mid- point, V is the height of hands above floor, D is the distance through which load is lifted; (b) Angle of asymmetry of lift.

Bonus Problem 4: (20 pt) A 25 year old forestry worker has a VO₂ /heart rate regression equation of y a bx Where y is the oxygen consumption (liters O₂/min) x is the heart rate (beats/min), a 1.42 b 0.025 1. The worker's heart rate is monitored while felling trees and is found to be 150 beats/min. Use the regression equation to estimate the worker's oxygen consumption while performing this task. 2. Use the equation in question 5 to estimate the worker's maximum heart rate. 3. Estimate the worker's VO₂ max from his estimated maximum heart rate using the regression equation above. 4. Calculate the relative workload by expressing the oxygen consumption while working as a percentage of VO₂ max. 5. Refer to the following Table to estimate the time to exhaustion. Please estimate as a value not a value range. Table: Time to exhaustion when working continuously at a percentage of VO₂ max Relative work demand (VO₂ max) Maximum work time 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% >12h >12h 11h 5:30h 2:40h 1:20h 40min 18min 9min

Bonus Problem 3: (10 pt) Rest periods can be calculated according to the following empirical formula [Murrell, 1971]: Rest allowance = w(b-s) b-0.3 Where w is the length of the working period, b is the oxygen uptake, s is the standard uptake for continuous work. A worker spends 15 min loading boxes onto a truck. His oxygen uptake is 2 L/min. If the standard is taken to be 1 L/min, what rest allowance would he be given?

Problem 1. (10 pt) A fisher man has to handle heavy nets and posts on the deck of a small fishing boat at sea. He works in all kinds of weather, throughout the year. In addition to the loads lifted, what other risk factors for back injury might he be exposed to in this environment?

Problem 5. (25 pt) The value of an individual's maximum static exertion, in a particular posture, can be used to estimate his endurance time for a submaximal exertion in the same posture, using the following equations [Rhomert, 1960]: T=-90+ 126 36 6 P P² P² + Where P is the required exertion, expressed as a decimal fraction of the maximum exertion T is the predicted endurance time in seconds. Also, the upper limit of heart rate is given by: HR(max) 200 0.65 age (1) Mr. Smith's maximum oxygen update is 2.4L/min. His body mass is 90 kg. What is his VO₂ max per kilogram of body mass? Mr. Smith decides to fly to Hawaii for a holiday. His maximum grip strength is 250 N. His packed suitcase requires a grip force of 200 N when he is carrying it. (2) How long will he be able to carry it before having to stop and rest or change hands? (3) If he is walking at 3 km/h and the distance from the luggage reclaim carousel to the taxi rank is 300m, how many times will he have to stop to change hands due to muscle fatigue? (4) Mr. Smith is 69 years old. His heart rate, while he is carrying the suitcase, is 160 beats/min. Is this excessive? Does he need a new suitcase?