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Q1:INSTRUCTIONS: So based on the proposal we will prepare the draft in 2 pages, which is module 3, module 2 was your proposal (attached). 1See Answer
Q2:Start by selecting one current IT related online article (2017 sources or later) about a global ethical issue. Note that this assignment is not a general essay about the topic selected, it must be about the current event article that you have selected. In addition, please note that while articles from journals may be of interest, they are ultimately too long and involved for this assignment – it is best to find an article from the World Wide Web from a trade magazine, or other electronic publication. Provide the source citation that is in compliance with the American Psychological Association (APA) formatting rules, as well as the persistent URL - one that anyone can click on to re-access the original article. The following elements must be addressed: Summarize the whole article by all of its key or salient points. It may help if you use bullets to note the salient points of the article, as you read through it. A summary is desired, not just the “thrust’ of the article. Analyze both the national and global ethical aspects of the article – what is the impact or what is the importance of the information in the article and what are the ethical issues connected to the situation or event? Determine three critically important questions not otherwise included in the article that you would like to address to the author regarding the article – you are not expected to answer the questions!See Answer
Q3:Overview This project proposal provides an opportunity for you to choose a case study and identify a related professional code of ethics and ethical framework. This proposal also builds toward Part One and Part Two of the project, in which you will expand on these responses to analyze and reflect on the case based on the code of ethics and ethical framework. Your case study should come from the course textbook. Review the guidelines when choosing your case study in the Supporting Materials section. The case study you choose should be related to the professional code of ethics you also choose in this assignment and will provide the background for your work on the project. Consider these examples: If you chose a case in a healthcare environment or focused on a health issue, you may want to select a code of ethics from healthcare or nursing. If you choose a case involving a workplace, consumers, corporate social responsibility, or sustainability, you may want to select a code of ethics from business. Directions For your project proposal, you must address the following criteria: Identify a case study from the Supporting Materials section of this assignment. Identify a professional code of ethics from a profession or organization that is related to the case study you select in this assignment. This is the code of ethics you will use in your project. An internet search with keywords including the profession or organization and code of ethics is a good place to start. For examples of professional codes of ethics, consider the following: American Counseling Association (ACA) Code of Ethics American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses American Psychological Association (APA) Code of Conduct American Society for Public Administration (ASPA) Code of Ethics Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct Association of International Certified Professional Accountants (AICPA) Code of Conduct National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics National Education Association (NEA) Code of Ethics for Educators National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) Code of Ethics for Engineers Radio Television Digital News Association (RTDNA) Code of Ethics Society of Professional Journalists (SPJ) Code of Ethics Explain how this professional code of ethics informs decision making within the context of your case study. What is the purpose of this professional code of ethics? How does it support decisions? Explain what makes the code of ethics you chose applicable to your selected case study. Identify the origin of this professional code of ethics. Consider the history of your chosen professional organization. Explain which ethical principles are most important to this professional code of ethics, and why. Refer to the list of ethical principles in the Module Two Guide. Identify a possible ethical framework that includes these ethical principles. Consult the list of five ethical frameworks described in the Module One Guide. What to Submit Submit your project proposal as a 1- to 2-page Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. You must cite the case study, ethical framework, and the professional code of ethics and any sources regarding its origin/history. If other sources are used, follow APA citation guidelines when citing sources both throughout and at the end of your paper.See Answer
Q4:Overview In this reflective activity, you will consider the differences between moral intuition and ethical frameworks. This assignment will help you practice evaluating an ethical situation and reflecting on the experience of using an ethical framework. You will follow a similar process for your project. Directions For this journal reflection, you will do the following: Describe an example from your life of an ethical situation in which you had a strong moral intuition or feeling. Describe your decision-making process for that situation. What biases can you identify in that situation? Choose an ethical framework from the Module Guide. Explain the use of the ethical framework in your ethical situation. How would this ethical framework describe the main ethical issues in this situation? Which ethical principles would be most important to consider? Reflect on the experience of using an ethical framework. How was it different from your typical approach to an ethical dilemma? Note: Be mindful in deciding which information you choose to share about yourself. Your instructor is here to support you. However, be sure to choose an example that you would be comfortable with another person reading and responding to. What to Submit Submit your journal reflection as a 1- to 2-page Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch margins. If sources are used, follow APA citation guidelines when citing sources both throughout and at the end of your paper.See Answer
Q5:INSTRUCTIONS This assignment is composed of two parts: these are the only subheadings that will appear in your submitted document. Ethical dilemma assignment: (20 points total) . For this part, I expect you to write three double-space pages (note that two pages and half or three pages and half are fine, but not less or more than that.). . I expect that you will reflect on the ethical dilemma based on the theories/concepts/lenses covered in this class. It is important to explain what the issue is, i.e., why it is an ethical dilemma. In the introduction, I expect you to give me a brief summary of your ethical dilemma (1-3 sentences), emphasizing the relevant details for thinking ethically about your situation. For instance, I found a wallet on the street, and I did not know whether I should keep the money as I struggle to pay rent or give it back to this well-known billionaire and CEO. This situation exemplifies an ethical debate between honesty and immediate pleasure satisfaction (or: you could argue that it's a case of wealth inequality or following virtues/vices.) · Write what you should do, or have done, about your ethical dilemma (thesis statement). · To build your argument, select two theories/lenses/concepts discussed in class. . Additionally, consider at least one counterargument to your view by constructing an argument based on one of the theories seen in class that you haven't used so far. Refute this counterargument to the best of your ability. Conclude by reiterating your standpoint and overall argument. · Ensure that you define all relevant key terms, provide a clear introduction (with a thesis statement) and a conclusion, and proofread to ensure your writing is clear to the reader. Be cautious about long paragraphs; try to maintain one main idea per paragraph. . If you would like to change your ethical dilemma for something else, you must spend a half page (not counted towards the required page number) explaining why. If you didn't submit an ethical dilemma, write half a page based on an ethical dilemma of your choosing (not counted towards the required page number). This half page is included in the same document. . You are required to quote our textbook or required texts in your assignment at least three times. When you quote a source, you can choose the reference system you prefer (MLA, Chicago, APA, etc.). I only ask you to be consistent with the reference style you choose. Here is a resource explaining you how to use the different styles: Citing your Sources (https://library.carleton.ca/guides/help/citing-your-sources). Note that you must explain and situate the quotes you use; make sure you introduce it and explain what it means in your own words. . I will not require a full bibliography or reference list for this assignment. Just in-text citations in your answers. Self-reflective class assignment: (4 points total) · I require you to submit one double-space page (it can be a half-page or a page and half, not less or more than that) describing the philosophical debate, question, or puzzle we have explored in class that you have found the most ethically rich, disturbing, or puzzling. Describe briefly what was the discussion/subject of this lecture, and then, describe how this made you reconsider (or not) an ethical view you hold. You may (or not) give me these details: what texts we discussed or videos we watched (feel free to quote), what some of your classmates said or wrote on Google doc or PollsEverywhere, what was the discussion question, why you choose to talk about this discussion. More importantly, you need to show some thoughtfulness about this material. You do not necessarily need to reference the required readings for this assignment. Chat GPT/AI use: As stated in the syllabus, "Note that I can ask you to submit drafts or answer questions on the writing process if I have suspicions that you did not write what you submitted for this course." I will encourage you to keep drafts/reading notes from your essay in case your answer does not look like coming from you. I may ask you to have a meeting with me to discuss your essay. See the grading rubric below for the essay (out of 20) and the class assignment (out of 4) nstructions · This assignment is to be completed independently. · This is not a research assignment. Do not use any secondary literature outside of the course materials for this assignment. · For the rest of the essay, you should focus on paraphrasing rather than using direct quotes. Be sure to explain the concepts in your own words to demonstrate you understand the material. · You are expected to write in clear, complete sentences with proper grammar and spelling. For this assignment, the syntax/grammar/spelling is evaluated. . You may use the 'I' pronoun in your answer; in fact, I encourage you to do so. Philosophical essays often contain statements such as 'I argue that', I contend that', etc. Refer yourself to the Appendix B of our textbook to think about how to construct a philosophical essay. · Be as clear as possible; for instance, define what you mean by contested terms (in your own words or those of the textbook). . It is important that you follow these instructions, as your grade will be partly based on adherence to them.See Answer
Q6:ENGR 482 - Ethics & Engineering Spring 2024 Instructions for Final Paper Instructors will provide a list of broad themes on engineering ethics. Each student will select a topic from the list and write a final paper. No more than 3 students can choose a single topic. Each student paper should be minimum 500 and maximum 750 words in length. The final paper must: . Be in the form of a research article . Begin with a strong introduction, have a clear thesis statement and a corresponding outline to guide the reader. . Be minimum 500 words and no more than 750 words. World limit is firm and points will be deducted for ignoring the limit. · Follow format guidelines given below. . Reference at least 3 peer reviewed scholarly papers or official reports of professional societies. It is the students' responsibility to find appropriate peer reviewed papers. · Reflect substantive understanding of the selected articles and present student's own argument in context of the referenced articles. . Show substantive probing of ethical issues at stake for the topic being researched. Form and Content Each paper must begin with a strong introduction, including a clear thesis statement and a corresponding outline of your paper to guide the reader. As you prepare the literature review of the 3 peer reviewed articles you have chosen, briefly summarize only the ideas which you think are most important, identify the authors' implicit assumptions or perspectives, and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the authors' arguments. Your analysis may either support or contravene the authors' arguments, but the goal of your analysis is to take a definitive position, which you then support with substantive argumentation and sound reasons. End your paper with a strong conclusion, summarizing your work and the position you have taken. The following format is recommended and follows a standard outline of a research paper: 1. Introduction . State the minimal context needed to understand the research question (1 or 2 sentences) . State the positions of the authors of the articles using their full names · State the research question as a statement (write the sentence with no question mark) o Every aspect of the paper involves the research question in some way. The research question should be the very first thing you identify. The academic articles will suggest one for you. · State your thesis (your answer to the research question: "I argue that . . . ") 2. Include a tiny paragraph explaining the structure of your paper (First, I explain . . . Next, I discuss . . . Then, I argue . . . Finally, I conclude with . . . " 1 3. 2 or more body paragraphs explaining each of your arguments . Use evidence from your peer reviewed sources to defend and strengthen your arguments . Refer to the authors by last name only . Mention the perspectives from which the authors are writing . Explain how your argument interacts with the authors you discussed 4. 1 paragraph explaining any counterarguments . Explain a strong objection to your argument provided by one or more of the authors you discuss . Explain why your argument succeeds despite the counterargument 5. Conclusion · Restate the thesis statement in different words . Discuss the implication of your paper for the reader: Why should a reader care? Who might find your points useful? What additional research questions does your paper raise? 6. References . Make sure that the citation style you use is consistent throughout the paper Format In order to receive full credit for your work, both the draft and the final version of your paper must meet the collective requirement for word count. The text of your paper should be double-spaced, in 12-point font, with one-inch margins. Use a separate cover page with a clear and engaging title, your name, and the submission date. Make sure that you use a valid citation style. 2 GRADING CRITERIA Total 100 Points (25% of the final course grade) Thesis Statement and Outline 15: Clear thesis statement and a well-crafted outline for the reader to follow. 10: Thesis stated with a basic outline to guide the reader. 5: Inadequate statement of thesis and outline. Clarity and Organization 15: Overall organization is clear with appropriate transitions. Paragraph structure is integrally related to the thesis statement and outline. Paragraphs are coherent and ideas are clear. 10: Attention to the principles of cohesion and coherence would strengthen the paper. 5: Lack of organizational structure interferes with the clarity of the paper. Understanding of the Articles : Literature Review 15: Accurate and substantive understanding, emphasizing important points. 10: Basic understanding, but may miss some major points. 5: Misunderstands the author. Arguments and Counter-Arguments 15: Identifies fundamental assumptions of the article and respectfully engages the author's position through the development of substantive counter-arguments. 10: Identifies strengths and weaknesses of the article. 5: Inadequate analysis of the article. Moral Analysis 15: Substantive probing of the ethical issues at stake in the article. 10: Some discussion of the ethical implications involved. 5: Lack of sustained moral analysis. Mechanics and Grammar 15: No significant errors of spelling, grammar, punctuation, or usage. Graceful sentences with appropriate variety of structures. Words are chosen precisely. Writing is vigorous and engaging. 10: Minor errors of mechanics and grammar. Occasionally awkward sentences. Active verbs are used, with few superfluous or poorly chosen words. Some pronouns without clear referents 5: Numerous errors in grammar and substandard usage. Several cumbersome and unclear sentences. Wordy, excessive nominalizations, weak verbs Format 10: Double-spaced, in 12-point type, with one-inch margins. Submitted on time. Meets word count requirements (both the draft and the final version). Separate title page with name and submission date. Aggie Honor Code signed by the student on the cover page. Correct citations. 5: If more than two of the above instructions are not followed. 0: If more than 3 of the above instructions are not followed. 3See Answer
Q7:Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Unit Code: 5K4Z1008 Governance Ethics and Law (GEL) For contact information please see Moodle Unit Leader(s): Claire Fitzsimons Submission Date: See date on Moodle. It is strongly advised that submission is commenced at the latest by 8.30pm on the day of submission to allow time for uploading Digital Submission Instructions: Please submit via the Moodle submission point for the unit Feedback Return Date: See date on Moodle Feedback Return Information: Please see Moodle for the return date for feedback and marks Key task and word count (Please note that this assignment will be used as both the main and the resit assignment) For this assignment, you need to write a 1,500-word report which critically evaluates the strength of corporate governance and the associated ethical issues in light of recent corporate scandals. Further details of some specific areas to be considered in this report are included below. Unit Learning Outcomes: 1. Discuss the advantages and drawbacks of different forms of business organisation; 2. Identify key regulations and codes applying to companies and directors; 3. Apply the legal and ethical principles examined to actual and hypothetical scenarios. Skills assessed: The following programme learning outcomes will also be introduced/developed in this assessment. PLO 1.1: Identify and interrogate relevant data and literature sources using methods appropriate to level of study and discipline PLO 1.2a: Apply theory to discussion and analysis PLO 2.1.1: Organise work in a logical structure in order to draw conclusions that follow from line of argument PLO 2.1.2: Apply consistent and appropriate referencing and in text citations PLO 3.1.1: Recognise, explore and reflect on key ethical issues as they affect own and other's practice PLO 3.1.2: Recognise, explore and reflect upon corporate social responsibility and sustainability issues as they affect different stakeholders PLO 4.1.1: Identify and explain professional and commercial/corporate issues PLO 4.1.2: Critically evaluate professional and commercial/corporate issue Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Assignment Details and Instructions Background Trust in Corporate Governance and audit is important for the stability of capital markets and the confidence of investors and stakeholders. However, this trust has been seriously eroded over recent years due to the many corporate failings and scandals across the globe, including, for example, Volkswagen in Germany in 2015, BHS in the UK in 2016, Carilion in the UK in 2018, Patisserie Holdings in the UK in 2018 and Wirecard in Germany in 2020. All of these resulted in significant societal consequences. Similar themes relating to the failings at these companies have emerged, such as questions over the quality of the external audit work, concerns over the effectiveness of the board and the board committees, fraudulent and unethical behaviour, poor risk management and internal control failings. This resulted, in the UK, in various reviews into both Corporate Governance and audit, culminating in the Department of Business Energy and industrial Strategy (BEIS) publishing a White Paper on 18 March 2021 seeking views by 8 July 2021, on proposals to strengthen the UK's regulatory framework for major companies and the way they are audited, in an attempt address such issues. Since then, much watered-down proposals have been incorporated in the Queen's speech and are being taken forward to be implemented within Parliament, leading to much discussion as to whether these will be sufficient. Your assignment task Write a 1,500-word report which critically evaluates the strength of corporate governance and the associated ethical issues in light of recent corporate scandals. In addressing this question, you should specifically include the following sections in your report: Introduction (100 words) . Clear setting of the context as to why corporate governance regulation is currently an important issue. o Highlighting specific examples of recent corporate scandals. o Showing Corporate Governance ("CG") and audit failings is not an isolated issue. . A very brief summary of what the report is addressing. Consequences to society/stakeholders of corporate scandals (250 - 300 words) . Recognition that corporate scandals have an economic impact and damage society/ fail to fulfil Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) . Evaluation of which stakeholders are impacted and how. . Illustrate these impacts with specific recent examples. Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Corporate governance (650 - 750 words) . A brief overview of what CG is and why it is needed. . Evaluation of best practice companies should follow for two main areas of CG (choose two of external audit, risk management, internal controls, or board of directors). . Critical evaluation of some ways in which companies failed to meet these two chosen CG requirements. You must use at least three of the following specific corporate scandals to illustrate this: Patisserie Holdings, BHS, Carillion, Wirecard, Volkswagen and Arcadia. Ethics (300 - 350 words) . Evaluation of two specific examples of how an individual's unethical behaviour within the corporate scandal's examples discussed above contributed to the scandal. . As part of your evaluation, you should refer to relevant ethical theories or models which were specifically discussed during the unit. Conclusion (100 - 150 words) . A brief summary of the main CG failings and unethical behaviours resulting in the corporate scandals discussed in your report. . A conclusion, with support, as to whether CG regulation is strong enough to prevent further corporate scandals. The number of words included for each section above is purely as guidance to assist you rather than definitive numbers as there is flexibility within this. The upper limit assumes that you will use the 10% additional allowance in the word count. You are expected to include a header page comprising a relevant heading for the report and your name as author of the report. The allocation of marks will be as follows: Section Percentage Introduction 10 Consequences 15 Corporate governance failings 25 Ethics 20 Conclusion 10 Presentation 10 Referencing 10 Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Assignment instructions The assessment criteria are detailed in the forms overleaf. The marks will be awarded based on the assessment criteria and so it is vital that you refer to these. The report is to be 1,500 words in length + or - 10%, excluding citations, headings, tables/figures, references and appendices. The penalty applied for exceeding or falling short of this word count will be the dropping of one grade band using the stepped marking system. A full reference list is to be shown and the body of the work must be fully cited. Students are required to use an author-date referencing style and are expected to use Cite Them Right Harvard. This version of the author-date referencing style is supported by Bloomsbury's Cite Them Right website and accompanying ebook. The Cite Them Right website: . Advises on how to cite and reference a broad range of source types in the Cite Them Right Harvard style. . Encourages you to identify/correct any referencing mistakes via the 'You try' function. . Provides guidance on How to use Cite Them Right · Offers an online tutorial and video guidance. . Cite Them Right content is regularly updated and new source formats are added. If you have any queries about Cite Them Right Harvard, please email library@mmu.ac.uk Assessment weighting The assessment weighting is 100% of the overall mark for the Governance Ethics and Law unit and the unit will require achieving 40% for successful completion. Resources, research and referencing. A key element of university-level thinking, and your subsequent working life is the ability to critically analyse and evaluate information, usually from multiple sources, in order to develop an argument. This is what is expected in much of this assignment, and this is different to descriptive writing which is used to set the background and to provide evidence rather than to develop an argument. You will be expected to undertake research in the press, academic and other professional journals to discuss the potential implications fully. A large amount of research has been undertaken in respect of corporate governance and ethics. A number of these articles will be provided to you throughout the course through Moodle each week and listed, with links, on Moodle each week. Others can be obtained through a search on Google Scholar or within the MMU library. Reference to such articles will, therefore, be expected. Failing to include such research or reference to it, may significantly impact your mark. Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Further guidance to support you with the assignment will be provided in weekly lectures and tutorials and should you need further support or guidance, you can speak to your unit leader during her weekly student hours. You will be expected to complete your assessment in stages over the weeks which will coincide with the learning for those weeks. What you MUST do: . Use grammatically correct formal professional UK English, not USA. . Attend all sessions and engage fully in discussions. . Use your own words - the assignment is designed to demonstrate YOUR knowledge and understanding. . Include a header page with a RELEVANT title for the report. · Use headings and sub-headings. . Use the correct voice i.e. third person. · Use page numbers. . You must reference your work fully. · Proofread your work. . You must read and follow the instructions in this assignment brief and address the supporting assessment criteria! What you MUST NOT do: . Do not use Wikipedia, Investopedia, business dictionary, UKessays.com or other inappropriate web sites. . Do not submit work generated by artificial intelligence. . Do not go over the word count of 1,500 words (+/- 10%). . Do not leave completion until the last day. . Do not submit late - see the Late Submission section below for details. Late submissions If your submission is after the deadline but within seven days of it, your mark will be capped at 40%. If you attempt to submit after the seven-day grace period, without approved mitigating factors, it will be classed as a non-submission. You will then be offered the opportunity to re-sit at the next assessment opportunity as determined by the exam board, but your mark will similarly be capped. Please note that your tutor cannot grant extensions to the deadline, but you can contact your Personal Tutor in the first instance for guidance. All extension requests must be submitted with evidence to mitigating factors through Moodle. If you think that you will be unable to submit on time due to your health or other unforeseen issue you must apply through formal channels for Mitigating Factors. Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Academic Integrity, Academic Misconduct and Plagiarism Academic Integrity is about engaging in good academic practice. It means being honest and transparent, and demonstrating rigour and accuracy in your work. This can include the proper citation and referencing of the sources of your ideas and information, ensuring that you are using appropriate research methods, or checking that your work is free of errors. Additional information, video tutorials and guides to support good academic practice and maintain Academic Integrity in your assignments can be found on the Academic Integrity area of the Academic and Study Skills page on Moodle. Academic Misconduct is any action that could give you an unfair advantage in coursework, exams, or any other assessed work, which could lead to undermining the academic standards of the University. This includes practices such as plagiarism, self-plagiarism, collusion, contract cheating or falsification of data. Full details of the Manchester Metropolitan University guidelines for Academic Misconduct and definitions of terms can be found here. Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 University Stepped Marking Guidelines The assessment criteria are detailed in the forms overleaf. The marks will be awarded based on the assessment criteria and so it is vital that you refer to these. Please note stepped marking is applied as below: Mark 95 - 100% UG Classification Outstanding 90% Very High First 85% High First 78% Mid First 75% Low First 72% Marginal First 68% High 2.1 65% Mid 2.1 62% Low 2.1 58% High 2.2 55% Mid 2.2 52% Low 2.2 48% High third 45% Mid third 42% Low third 38% Marginal Fail 35% 32% 28% Clear Fail 25% 22% 18% Very poor Fail 15% 12% 8% 5% 2% 0% Non submission Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Governance, Ethics and Law Coursework 2023/24 - assessment marking criteria Assessment Marking Rubric In marking this assessment, the marking rubric below will be applied, and all aspects of the unit learning outcomes and professional skills (PLOS) will be evident. Assessment descriptor Intro/Context (10%) Clear setting of the context as to why corporate governance regulation is currently an important issue. Using specific examples of recent corporate scandals and showing Corporate Governance ("CG") and audit failings is not an isolated issue. A very brief summary of what the report is addressing. PLO 2.1.1/4.1.1 Less than 30% Less than 30 -40% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-80% Over 80% The introduction makes no reference to any context or the current environment, nor any recent example corporate scandals. The introduction makes little reference to any context or the current environment and does not refer to recent example corporate scandals. The introduction recognises some contextual issues relating to the current environment, but these are very limited, and the examples referred to are not appropriate. The introduction recognises some of the key contextual issues relating to the current environment, but these could have been explained more clearly. Some recent example corporate scandals are given but not incorporated in the discussion. Most of the key contextual issues relating to the current environment have been identified and discussed reasonably well, together with recent example corporate scandals. Most of the key contextual issues relating to the current environment have been identified, discussed well, and supported by relevant recent example corporate scandals. The key contextual issues relating to the current environment have been clearly identified, with excellent discussion that is fully supported by recent example corporate scandals. Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Assessment descriptor Consequences to society/stakeholders (15%) Recognition corporate scandals have an economic impact and damage society/ fail to fulfil Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Evaluation of which stakeholders are impacted and how. Illustrate these impacts with specific recent examples. ULO3 PLO 1.1, 1.2a, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 4.1.2 Less than 30% Less than 30 -40% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-80% Over 80% No reference to consequences to stakeholders of corporate scandals or of CSR. No examples given. Very limited explanation of consequences to stakeholders and no examples given. There is some reference to appropriate examples of consequences to stakeholders of corporate scandals, but these are too vague or irrelevant and not illustrated sufficiently by examples. Appropriate examples of consequences to stakeholders, with the stakeholders impacted identified. However not fully illustrated with examples Reasonable discussion of consequences to stakeholders, the relevant stakeholders identified and some appropriate examples supporting this discussion. Good discussion of consequences to stakeholders, with a number of relevant stakeholders identified and reasonable support given with appropriate examples. Excellent and full discussion of the impact on stakeholders with the stakeholders clearly explained and full support with relevant examples. Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Assessment descriptor Corporate Governance (25%) Brief overview of CG and why needed. Evaluation of best practice companies should follow for two areas of CG (two of external audit, risk management, internal controls, or board of directors). Critical evaluation of some ways cos failed to meet these two chosen CG requirements. At least three specific corporate scandals to illustrate this: (PH, BHS, Carillion, Wirecard, Volkswagen Arcadia. ULO 1/2 PLO 1.1/1.2a/2.1.1/3.1.2 4.1.1/4.1.2 Less than 30% No consideration of the corporate governance requirements companies should specifically have followed, but rather a broad descriptive explanation of corporate governance in general and no consideration about the ways example companies failed to follow these specific corporate governance requirements. Less than 30 -40% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-80% Over 80% No consideration of the corporate governance requirements companies should specifically have followed, but rather a broad descriptive explanation of corporate governance in general, although there is some attempt at discussion as to ways example companies failed to follow these specific corporate governance requirements, but not necessarily those required. Limited consideration of the corporate governance requirements companies should specifically have followed, although there is some attempt at evaluation of ways example companies failed to follow these specific corporate governance requirements, albeit not always relevant to those areas required, nor using relevant examples. Limited consideration of the corporate governance requirements companies should specifically have followed, although there is a reasonable attempt at evaluating ways companies failed to follow these specific corporate governance requirements and these are relevant to those areas required, but not always using relevant example companies. Some consideration of the corporate governance requirements companies should specifically have followed, with a reasonable attempt at evaluating ways companies failed to follow these specific corporate governance requirements and these are both relevant areas and use three relevant example companies. Clear consideration of the corporate governance requirements companies should specifically have followed, with a good attempt at evaluating ways companies failed to follow these specific corporate governance requirements, with both relevant areas and three appropriate example companies. Full consideration and evaluation of the corporate governance requirements companies should specifically have followed, with excellent evaluation of the ways companies failed to follow these specific corporate governance requirements, using both relevant areas and appropriate example companies. Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Assessment descriptor Less than 30% Less than 30 -40% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-80% Over 80% Ethics (20%) Evaluation of two specific examples of how an individual's unethical behaviour in corporate scandal examples contributed to scandal. As part of your evaluation, you should refer to relevant ethical theories or models which were specifically discussed during the unit. ULO 3 PLO 1.1, 1.2a, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 3.1.1, 3.1.2, 4.1.2 No ethical issues identified but a very descriptive discussion on ethics in general. No theories or models mentioned. Ethical issues discussed very broadly and vaguely with no specific ethical issues identified. Section is purely descriptive. No theories or models mentioned. Ethical issues discussed broadly rather than clear specific examples being discussed, and section is mainly descriptive. Theories/models are mentioned but relevance not discussed. 2 relevant specific ethical issues have been identified but discussion tends to be more descriptive and little support as to why these are considered issues. Theories/models are mentioned but relevance not discussed. 2 relevant specific ethical issues have been identified with some evaluation of these issues and some support provided as to why they are issues. Theories models incorporated but only briefly 2 relevant specific ethical issues have been identified with good evaluation of these issues, clear evidence as to why they are issues and some practical examples referred to. Theories/models integrated well. 2 relevant specific ethical issues identified with excellent evaluation of these issues, clear evidence why they are issues and relevant practical examples referred to for each issue. Theories/models integrated well and discussed fully. Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Assessment descriptor Less than 30% Less than 30 -40% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-80% Over 80% Conclusion (10%) A brief summary of the main CG failings and unethical behaviours resulting in the corporate scandals discussed in your report. Appropriate and balanced conclusion, with support, as to whether CG regulation is strong enough to prevent further corporate scandals. PLO 2.1.1/3.1.1/ . 3.1.2/4.1.2 Conclusion does not refer to issues discussed within the report nor provide any overall conclusion. Conclusion refers to very few of the issues discussed within the report and these are not the important ones nor is any conclusion provided. There is limited reference within the conclusion to the issues discussed within the report and overall conclusion is vague and not justified. Some of the issues within the report are discussed within the conclusion and an overall conclusion is included, but the link between the two is not clear and the justification/support is not clear. Conclusion discusses the key issues identified in the report and develops from this an appropriate conclusion on the strength of corporate governance, although could be supported further. The conclusion highlights and discusses the key issues from the report and provides a well- supported and justified conclusion on the strength of corporate governance based on this. The conclusion has clearly identified all the key issues within the report to develop a well- thought out and supported and justified overall conclusion on the strength of corporate governance. Manchester Metropolitan University Faculty of Business and Law Accounting, Finance and Banking Coursework and resit coursework Brief 2023/2024 Assessment descriptor Less than 30% Less than 30 -40% 40-49% 50-59% 60-69% 70-80% Over 80% Evidence of research (10%) Evidence of independent research from a variety of sources through number of sources, proper referencing & inclusion of appropriate and correct citations. PLO1.1/2.1.2 No references or reference list included Very limited references included and very brief incorrectly formatted reference list. Insufficient references, report is poorly cited, references are in an incorrect format and reference list is too short and narrow in range. Sufficient references, but insufficient citations within report and some references in incorrect format. Adequate range of references. Reasonable citations within the report and references largely in correct format. Very good range of references. References largely in correct format and generally correctly cited within the report Extensive range of references, all in correct format and well cited throughout the report. Presentation (10%) Appropriate language and style of writing, with fine attention to detail of spelling, punctuation and grammar. PLO 2.1.1 Very poor presentation and communication, with poor language choice and style of writing and continuous spelling and punctuation errors. As a result, it is difficult to understand report. Very poor presentation and communication, with poor language choice and style of writing and many spelling and punctuation errors. Poor presentation, structure, communications and use of language, with a number of grammatical, spelling and punctuation errors. Adequate presentation and language used, but structure could have been improved and there are spelling, punctuation, or grammatical errors. Good presentation and communication. The structure for the coursework and the language used are both appropriate. With few grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. Excellent presentation & communication, with appropriate language, style of writing & an excellent structure. Few spelling, punctuation, and grammatical errors. An outstanding standard of presentation and communication with an appropriate structure and no noticeable errors in spelling, punctuation, and grammar.See Answer
Q8:You should make use of: the marking criteria is in the rubric shown here the feedback provided on the PASS/FAIL submission 2 and during lectures. The page limit is 4 pages (including any images, margins 2.5 cm, font size no smaller than 11 points). References and cover sheet are not included in the page limit. There is no penalty for being under this page count, but it may be more difficult to meet all marking criteria. You will lose marks from the communication section of the marking rubric if you go over this page limit. Use the submission template linked here Cite your sources using the Vancouver reference format. INSTRUCTIONS: Write a policy brief (see POSTNOTE examples covered in complementary material) which provides advice on a socio-technical issue in which engineers are involved within a UK or International context. Include: any of the social, political, technological, environmental, economic, ethical, and legal factors which may be needed for the audience to gain a holistic understanding of the issue and make an informed decision enough background information to ensure that a non-expert can understand the implications of the findings of your report, and the level of detail needed for them to make an informed decision relevant engineering/technical knowledge which helps inform decision making Ensure that your policy brief is neutral and factual and does not include opinion Make use of the guidance given about writing for non-technical audiences.See Answer
Q9:KI activity 5 - Social Responsibility module: Product liability General background Product liability refers to a manufacturer or seller being held liable for placing a defective product into the hands of a consumer. Responsibility for a product defect that causes injury lies with all sellers of the product who are in the distribution chain. When a product has an unexpected defect or danger, the product cannot be said to meet the ordinary expectations of the consumer [1]. Frequently companies, especially in tech industries, make products that may not meet the liability requirements expected by the customer. Earlier this year, Apple announced in a statement that all iPhones, iPads, and Macs are affected by chip flaws. The problems found in the chips could allow hackers to get access to passwords and other sensitive data stored on personal computers. More importantly, according to the Washington Post, the findings on the vulnerabilities published by researchers at Google's Project Zero, academic institutions, and private companies show the flaws were discovered last year [2]. Now the question is, what is Apple's responsibility towards its customers in such a situation? More importantly, if they knew about the flaw a year ago, was it ethical to withhold the information from customers hoping to find a solution to minimize their financial loss? Apple is not the only company facing liability issues with their product. About a year ago Samsung went through a rather similar situation where several of their cell phone devices caught fire unexpectedly. Samsung blamed battery design and manufacturing problems for the Galaxy Note 7 failure. In a news conference, Samsung and outside experts said batteries made by two suppliers contained flaws that allowed the phones to overheat and in several cases catch fire [3]. According to CNN, Bryan Ma, vice president of device research at IDC said "Samsung is a very aggressive company. Was something happening in the decision-making process that contributed is the lingering question in my mind. They still could have taken on more blame themselves. For now they've done the least of what they should be doing" [4] . According to company officials, there was haste in having an earlier release date for Galaxy Note 7 compared to iPhone 7. Samsung was also trying to catch up with Chinese cellphone makers such as Huawei and Xiaomi, by adding new features to its products [3]. The question that arises in this case is, should Samsung have taken more responsibility in this case rather than blaming the battery manufacturing companies? What preventive strategies can be implemented to minimize the possibility of such issues? Scenario Assume you are a production line engineer working in a company that designs and manufactures batteries. Right now you are in charge of quality control of the batteries for a new cellphone. Your workers are in charge of finding the defective batteries. Either the defective batteries must be sent back for repair or they must be thrown away. Your line is the final inspection stage just before the products are encased in molding compound for final packaging. You realize that your workers are finding more defective batteries than usual. You know that the company had to somehow rush the production of this specific item in order to keep the contract with the cellphone company. Moreover you personally believe that the design requirements from the cellphone company for this specific product have not been realistic, which is probably the reason for so many defective items. Your manager, Bob, informs you that your line is repairing/throwing away too many batteries. He believes it would be more beneficial to allow defective batteries to go out the door. When you ask what about customers complaining about the defective ones, he replies, the company has a return department that will replace them as customers complain. Bob further estimates that allowing defective batteries on the market will yield a profit for the company. Questions Now please answer each of the following questions in one or two sentences. 1. What are the concerns involved in following Bob's recommendation? Is it acceptable to follow his suggested course of action? 2. If you have a differing opinion, how could you present your case to Bob? After some research, you realize the defects with the batteries might be more serious than you realized. The irregularly sized batteries might cause overheating of the device which might lead to health risks to the customers (similar to the Samsung case). 3. How does this additional information influence your responses to question 1 & 2? References [1] Thomson Reuters, "What is Product Liability?," 2018. [Online]. Available: http://injury.findlaw.com/product-liability/what-is-product-liability.html. [Accessed 14 1 2018]. [2] H. Shaban, "Apple says Spectre and Meltdown vulnerabilities affect all Mac and iOS devices," The Washington Post, 4 1 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/01/04/tech-companies- work-to-patch-major-computer-vulnerabilities-meltdown-and- spectre/?utm_term =. 4aedfc65fdd3. [Accessed 14 1 2018]. [3] P. Mozur, "Galaxy Note 7 Fires Caused by Battery and Design Flaws, Samsung Says," 22 1 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/22/business/samsung-galaxy- note-7-battery-fires-report.html. [Accessed 15 12 2017]. [4] S. Pham, "Samsung blames batteries for Galaxy Note 7 fires," 23 1 2017. [Online]. Available: http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/22/technology/samsung-galaxy-note-7-fires-investigation- batteries/index.html. [Accessed 10 1 2018].See Answer
Q10:Ethical Dilemmas in the Computer Science Industry Report Alternate assignment for Ethics Interview Assignment Objective: In this assignment, you will explore and analyze ethical dilemmas and challenges that professionals in the computer science industry may face. You are required to discuss at least two specific ethical issues related to this field, providing examples and thoughtful analysis. Report Requirements: Introduction to Ethical Challenges: Introduce the importance of ethics in the computer science industry. Clearly state your thesis or main argument, highlighting that ethical dilemmas in the computer science industry have significant consequences for society and the profession. Ethical Dilemmas: Discuss ethical dilemma or challenges faced by employees in the computer science industry. This could relate to privacy, security, AI ethics, bias, or any other relevant issue. Provide clear and detailed examples of the dilemmas, either from real-world incidents or hypothetical scenarios. Analyze the ethical implications. Consider the impact on individuals, society, and the reputation of the computer science profession. Discuss why these issues are significant and the potential consequences of unethical choices. Conclusion: Summarize the key points of your paper and restate your thesis. Emphasize the broader ethical responsibilities of computer science professionals and the significance of addressing these challenges. Formatting & Submission Guidelines: . Use a standard font (e.g., Times New Roman or Arial) with 12-point font size. · Double-space the text. · Your report should be a minimum of two complete pages. · Use APA in-text citations and references where appropriate · Include a reference page as needed . Make sure to proofread and edit your paper for clarity, grammar, and spelling. . Submit your paper as a PDF to the "Ethics Interview Assignment" assignment in iLearn. Make a notation in the submission box that you completed the Alternate Assignment.See Answer
Q11:3:03 LTE ‹ Assignment Details THE OSU ENGINEERING STUDENT (ENGR_100_0 ... 1. Review Professional Codes of Conduct and Ethics. Choose one of these and read through it carefully. This is a great way to do a bit of major exploration from a different viewpoint so delve into a code related to a major you are curious about, or did not get a chance to learn about yet this quarter or want to know more. 2. Highlight one tenet, clause, or phrase from the code of conduct that addresses social justice or diversity, equity and inclusion. Copy and paste that particular item (with quotes and parenthetical documentation) into your submission. Then provide a 2-4 sentence explanation about how/why this addresses social justice, diversity, equity or inclusion. 3. Then select a second tenet, clause, or phrase to revise with social justice, diversity, equity or inclusion. Copy and paste that particular item (with quotes and parenthetical documentation) into your submission. Then provide your suggested revision. Be creative here and feel free to put your voice into the way Submit Assignment « Previous Next 000 0= 0= 7 Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox 3:03 LTE < Assignment Details THE OSU ENGINEERING STUDENT (ENGR_100_0 ... you think the revision should read. Also give a 2-4 sentence explanation about how/why this addresses social justice, diversity, equity or inclusion. a. It is possible that the tenet/clause/phrase that you choose in Item 2 MAY also benefit from further revision. This is perfectly fine to revise. b. It is also possible that you don't think there is ANYTHING in the code that even partially addresses social justice, diversity, equity or inclusion. In that case, and after looking at the code holistically, provide a suggested phrase, tenet or clause which should be added to address social justice, diversity, equity or inclusion. c. Another hint - you may review an extra code or two for inspiration! 4. For reference here are the articles on social justice a. 7 Steps to Incorporate Social Justice into the Engineering Design Process b. Racism in America, manifested in engineering design: A pledge to take Submit Assignment « Previous Next 0= 0= 7 000 Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox 3:03 Il LTE ‹ Assignment Details THE OSU ENGINEERING STUDENT (ENGR_100_0 ... 4. For reference here are the articles on social justice a. 7 Steps to Incorporate Social Justice into the Engineering Design Process b. Racism in America, manifested in engineering design: A pledge to take responsibility and action 5. The School of Civil and Construction Engineering at Oregon State University recently updated their Mission Statement and established a Diversity, Equity and Inclusion Statement. You may find inspiration there as well. Requirements · Your submission should be 1 page or less for this assignment. · Make sure to properly cite the code o direct quotes or paraphrased information from a source needs parenthetical documentation o include the code as a reference and any other outside sources you used in a reference list at the bottom and/or in footnotes of the page. A Submit Assignment « Previous Next 0= 0= 7 000 Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications Inbox 3:03 .Il LTE V Assignment Details THE OSU ENGINEERING STUDENT (ENGR_100_0 ... . Make sure to properly cite the code o direct quotes or paraphrased information from a source needs parenthetical documentation o include the code as a reference and any other outside sources you used in a reference list at the bottom and/or in footnotes of the page. A second page for references is also acceptable. . Include the phrase or clause from the code of conduct you studied that addresses social justice and/or equity. Include a 2-4 sentence explanation about how/why this addresses social justice, diversity, equity or inclusion. . Include the phrase or clause from the code of conduct you studied that needed to be revised with respect to social justice and/or equity. Also give a 2-4 sentence explanation about how/why this addresses social justice, diversity, equity or inclusion. · Make sure to include proper citation following the guidance in the assignment. Submit Assignment « Previous Next 0= 0= 7 000 Dashboard Calendar To Do Notifications InboxSee Answer
Q12: KI activity 4 - Ethics module: Exposure to electromagnetic fields General background Concerns about whether electromagnetic fields could affect human health were raised initially by epidemiologic studies reported in the late 1970s, and since 1980s, findings on EMF have been widely publicized in the popular press [1]. A majority of studies have focused on cancer, particularly leukemia and brain cancer, among other health effects. Though associations have been observed in some studies, there remains considerable uncertainty about the validity and meaning of these associations. Here are a few important historical studies and events related to this field as Kheifets et al. [2] reported: "In the late 1970s and early 1980s, several published studies further fueled the concern over EMF. They reported higher rates of cancer mortality in children living near high current configuration power lines and higher leukemia rates in electrical workers. In December 1990, the US Environmental Protection Agency released a draft report concluding that magnetic fields from power lines and household sources are a possible cause of cancer. Additional evidence for possible health effects from EMF was published in 1991, including another study reporting an increase in childhood leukemia and one reporting increased risk of male breast cancer with occupational EMF exposure. The EMF issue was subject to intense media coverage in 1993. Over 70 news stories appeared in the US popular media that year, compared with 20 in 1992 and 25 in 1994. In 1996, the National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences released its evaluation of EMF health effects from residential exposure. Its widely publicized conclusion was that there is no conclusive evidence that electromagnetic fields play a role in the development of cancer, reproductive and developmental abnormalities, or learning and behavioral problems, or that they are a threat to human health". For a more detailed history about this issue please refer to [2]. In 2015, the European Commission under the auspices of the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks, found that the risk of childhood leukemia was increased as a result of exposure to very low frequency fields as reported in some epidemiologic studies. However, experimental studies do not explain these findings. It also found that studies on radiofrequency exposure do not show an increased risk of brain tumors or other cancers, although the possibility of an association with acoustic neuroma remains open [3]. For more information on why EMFs are studied in relation to cancer and more recent studies please refer to National Cancer Institute website [4]. Scenario¹ Recently in Lajas, Puerto Rico, a controversy has arisen over a project by the United States Navy to build a radar facility at a nearby site. Much of the debate is concerned about the right of the local community to participate meaningfully in this decision. And a concern has arisen over the possibility that the facility could generate electromagnetic fields (EMFs) that could cause harmful health effects, namely, forms of cancer. As an electrical and computer engineer who lives in the community, you are familiar with some of the recent research that has been done on EMFs. Among the important facts are the following: 1. Many common everyday objects (electric shavers, microwave ovens, hair dryers, vacuum cleaners, electric can openers) produce EMFs. Concern arises from larger projects such as electric power lines, sub-stations, and radar facilities like the one proposed for Lajas. 2. Epidemiological evidence exists showing slightly higher risks associated with living next to these field-generating facilities. (Epidemiological evidence results from studies that compare groups exposed to EMFs to others not exposed. These studies then look for significantly higher incidents of illness in the exposed groups. But other epidemiological studies do not show significant risk ratios). 3. Some have argued that there is a causal mechanism to explain the cancers associated with EMFs. For example, it is argued that EMFs interfere directly with cellular activity. However, EMFs are pervasive (including the earth's own magnetic field) and it has not been demonstrated why the EMFs generated by electric power lines or radar facilities are special. Another series of studies have been carried out to see if EMFs trigger (or activate) a cancer-causing gene that is directly responsible for the cancer. But scientists have not yet been able to confirm this hypothesis. You are personally opposed to the US Navy's project. You feel that it is being imposed on the community without their informed consent [5]. Please answer each of the following questions in one or two sentences. Questions 1. As a professional who is part of the community, what is your responsibility in raising your voice regarding the health concerns associated with this project? 2. How do you respond to the community's health concerns about EMFs given your views on the undesirability of the project in general? 3. How should scientists and other experts communicate risk to the public? 4. What are the public's rights as stakeholders in making the decision of whether to build the radar facility at a nearby site? 5. Now assume you are currently employed by the local company that would manufacture the radars for the Navy's project. Will your answers to the above questions change under the new circumstances? Please explain how your answers will change. 1 This scenario is inspired by a case study in [5] References [1] L. I. Kheifets, G. L. Hester and G. L. Banerjee, "The precautionary principle and EMF: Implementation and evaluation," Journal of Risk Research, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 113-125, 2001. [2] L. I. Kheifets, R. S. Greenberg, R. R. Neutra, G. L. Hester, C. L. Poole, D. P. Rall and G. Lundell, "Electric and magnetic fields and cancer: study," American Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 154, no. 12, pp. S50-S59, 2001. [3] SCENIHR, "Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks: Potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF)," 20 1 2015. [Online]. Available: http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/emerging/docs/scenihr_o_041.pdf. [Accessed 10 1 2018]. [4] National Cancer Institute, "Electromagnetic Fields and Cancer," 27 5 2016. [Online]. Available: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/electromagnetic-fields-fact- sheet. [Accessed 5 1 2018]. [5] W. J. Frey, "Risk Communication and Electromagnetic Fields (EMF)," Center for Ethics in the Professions at the University of Puerto Rico Mayagüez, 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.upm.edu/etica/engcases.html. [Accessed 5 11 2017].See Answer
Q13: Mr. Martinez was a seventy-five-year-old chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient. He was in the hospital because of an upper respiratory tract infection. He and his wife had requested that CPR not be performed should he require it. A DNR order was written in the charts. In his room on the hird floor, he was being maintained with antibiotics, fluids, and oxygen and seemed to be doing better. However, Mr. Martinez's oxygen was inadvertently turned up, and this caused him to go into respiratory failure. When found by the therapist, he was in terrible distress and lay gasping in his bed. Reflect on the Case Study: Mr. Martinez media piece. Should Mr. Martinez be transferred to intensive care, where his respiratory failure can be treated by a ventilator, and by CPR if necessary, and his oxygen level can be monitored? Assume that doctors cannot contact Mrs. Martinez and must make this choice on their own. To help you reach an objective, ethically sound decision, draw upon concepts and arguments from your textbook and independent research. Support your decision with clear, concise, and correct examples, weaving and citing the readings and media throughout your answer. Address the following: ● ● ● ● ● ● ● You will be evaluated as to how well you: ● ● ● The patient's directives. The patient's quality of life. The family's stated preferences. The cause of the patient's current respiratory distress. The moral issues associated with limiting life support. The ethical principles most relevant to reaching an ethically sound decision. Important considerations such as implications, justifications, and any conflicts of interest that might arise because of the patient's respiratory failure. ● Articulate the moral issues associated with limiting life support. Demonstrate sound ethical thinking and relevant ethical principles when considering limiting life support. Explain important considerations that arise when contemplating limiting life support. Exhibit proficiency in clear and effective academic writing skills. Assignment Requirements Your paper should meet the following requirements: Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message. APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting guidelines. See the Evidence and APA CitationLinks to an external site. section of the Writing Center for guidance. Length: 3-4 typed, double-spaced pages. Font and font size: Times New Roman, 12 point. Competencies Measured By successfully completing this assignment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and scoring guide criteria: Competency 1: Articulate ethical issues in health care. O Articulate the moral issues associated with limiting life support. Competency 2: Apply sound ethical thinking related to a health care issue. O Demonstrate sound ethical thinking and relevant ethical principles when considering limiting life support. ● Competency 4: Explain the conceptual framework that health care leaders use to make ethical decisions. o Explain important considerations that arise when contemplating limiting life support. Competency 5: Apply in text the standard writing conventions for the discipline, including structure, voice, person, tone, and citation formatting. Exhibit proficiency in clear and effective academic writing skills. O Chapter below Chapter 7 Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide BRIEFING SESSION Death comes to us all. We hope that when it comes it will be swift and allow us to depart without prolonged suffering, our dignity intact. We also hope that it will not force burdens on our family and friends, making them pay both financially and emotionally by our lingering and hopeless condition. Such considerations give euthanasia a strong appeal. Should we not be able to snip the thread of life when the weight of suffering and hopelessness grows too heavy to bear? The answer to this question is not as easy as it may seem, for hidden within it are a number of complicated moral issues. Just what is euthanasia? The word comes from the Greek for "good death,” and in English it has come to have the meaning "easy death." But this does little to help us understand the concept. For consider these questions: If we give ourselves an easy death, are we committing suicide? If we assist someone else to an easy death (with or without that person's permission), are we committing murder? Anyone who opposed killing (either of oneself or of others) on moral grounds might also consider it necessary to object to euthanasia. It may be, however, that the answer to both questions is no. But if it is, then it is necessary to specify the conditions that distinguish euthanasia from both suicide and murder. Only then would it be possible to argue, without contradiction, that euthanasia is morally acceptable but the other two forms of killing are not. Someone who believes that suicide is morally legitimate would not object to euthanasia carried out by the person herself, but he would still have to deal with the problem posed by the euthanasia/murder issue. Active and Passive Euthanasia We have talked of euthanasia as though it involved directly taking the life of a person, either one's own life or the life of another. However, some philosophers distinguish between "active euthanasia" and "passive euthanasia," which in turn rests on a distinction between killing and letting die. To kill someone (including oneself) is to take a definite action to end his or her life (e.g., administering a lethal injection). To allow someone to die, by contrast, is to take no steps to prolong that person's life when those steps seem called for—failing to give a needed injection of antibiotics, for example. Active euthanasia, then, is direct killing and is an act of commission. Passive euthanasia is an act of omission. This distinction is used in most contemporary codes of medical ethics (e.g., the American Medical Association's Code of Ethics) and is also recognized in the Anglo- American tradition of law. Except in special circumstances, it is illegal to deliberately cause the death of another person. It is not, however, illegal (except in special circumstances) to allow a person to die. Clearly, one might consider active euthanasia morally wrong while recognizing passive euthanasia as morally legitimate. Some philosophers, however, have argued that the active-passive distinction is morally irrelevant with respect to euthanasia. Both are cases of causing death, and it is the circumstances in which death is caused, not the manner of causing it, that is of moral importance. Furthermore, the active-passive distinction is not always clear cut. If a person dies after special life-sustaining equipment has been withdrawn, is this a case of active or passive euthanasia? Is it a case of euthanasia at all? Voluntary, Involuntary, and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia Writers on euthanasia have often thought it important to distinguish among voluntary, involuntary, and nonvoluntary euthanasia. Voluntary euthanasia includes cases in which a person takes his or her own life, either directly or by refusing treatment. But it also includes cases in which a person deputizes another to act in accordance with his wishes. Thus, someone might instruct her family not to permit the use of artificial support systems should she become unconscious, suffer from brain damage, and be unable to speak for herself. Or someone might request that he be given a lethal injection after suffering third-degree burns over most of his body, suffering uncontrollable pain, and being told he has little hope of recovery. Finally, assisted suicide, in which the individual requests the direct help of someone else in ending his life, falls into this category. (Some may think that one or more of the earlier examples are also cases of assisted suicide. What counts as assisted suicide is both conceptually and legally unclear.) That the individual explicitly consents to death is a necessary feature of voluntary euthanasia. Involuntary euthanasia consists in ending the life of someone contrary to that person's wish. The person killed not only fails to give consent, but expresses the desire not to be killed. No one arguing in favor of nonvoluntary euthanasia holds that involuntary euthanasia is justifiable. Those who oppose both voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia often argue that to permit either runs the risk of opening the way for involuntary euthanasia. Nonvoluntary euthanasia includes those cases in which the decision about death is not made by the person who is to die. Here the person gives no specific consent or instructions, and the decision is made by family, friends, or physicians. The distinction between voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia is not always a clear one. Physicians sometimes assume that people are "asking" to die even when no explicit request has been made. Also, the wishes and attitudes that people express when they are not in extreme life-threatening medical situations may be too vague for us to be certain that they would choose death when they are in such a situation. Is "I never want to be hooked up to one of those machines” an adequate indication that the person who says this does not want to be put on a respirator should she meet with an accident and fall into a comatose state? If the distinctions made here are accepted as legitimate and relevant, we can distinguish eight cases in which euthanasia becomes a moral decision: 1. Self-administered euthanasia a. active b. passive 2. Other-administered euthanasiaSee Answer
Q14:This week we move on to consider Kantian ethics, which offers a different account of ethics than relativism, virtue ethics, utilitarianism, and natural rights (but still has its own problems). This is chapter 7 in Boyd & Thorsen Christian Ethics and Moral Philosophy. You should read this as well as the link to the texts by Kant himself. You should also view the Tedtalk video by Bryan Stevenson. We will also be looking at two applied issues this week: racism and capital punishment. Although I am not an expert on punishment or racism, I have - over the period of 7 years-worked in the prison systems in both Illinois and Missouri. They are not good places and people there are not going to prison to improve their lives or - as I have heard some people say - "to get 3 free meals a day." As always, humility in how we approach these issues is always warranted. It's a good idea to use phrases like, "As far as I understand this...." "I may be wrong but..." Or "I'm not an expert on this, but it appears to me...." These remarks help keep us humble and open to view: other than our own. Also, continue to think about how the various ideas of "justice" apply in these two different context. 1. Kant says that we are always to treat persons as 'ends in themselves. What does he mean by this and and can you think of of how you might do this in a practical situation? 2. If you had to resolve the "lying to the inquiring murderer' problem how would you resolve it? Is it always wrong to lie? How might this compare to the Trolley Problem in terms of balancing results with duties? 3. Which theory of punishment do you think is the right one- and why? (Be sure to briefly summarize the view.) Your: - first post - second post 2 Posts must be a minimum of 200 words). summarize or quote (no more than 2 sentences in your posts) from the texts. -See Answer
Q15:• Ignatian Reflection Write a brief reflection that addresses: Kantian ethics promotes punishment based on the values of retributive justice, in which people are made responsible for their actions and punished suitably (Kant, 2020). Such an opinion contradicts that of utilitarian techniques that promote increasing broader satisfaction. I can somewhat admit I am partial to Kant's theory that punishment must be adequate and reasonable according to the moral offense performed functioning to discourage and safeguard the principles of morality. However, I find myself also agreeing with the Kantian theory of retribution regarding execution as it fails to meet everyone and every case norm of the categorical imperative. 1. The context of the topic (why is it important to people and why it is important to you). 2. Your experience(s) with the topic- and/or the experiences of those affected. 3. Your reflection on the topic- how did it challenge your thinking or prior beliefs and attitudes? Or how did it present something new or unusual that you had not considered before? 4. What action you might take in light of the material- that is, how might you act, talk, or think differently in light of this material and your reflection on it? This should be between 350-500 wordsSee Answer
Q16: Assignment 3: Engineering Ethics Essay For this assignment you must fulfill the following requirement from ABET Student Outcome 4: 1) Find an example of an ethical issue a. b. (1 pt) The issue must be contemporary (within the last 5 years) (1 pt) The issue must discuss the impact of engineering solutions in one of the following contexts: (Please be deliberate in identifying the context) i. Global ii. Economical iii. Environmental iv. Societal 2) (3 pts) Summarize the ethical issue indicating how it relates to points 1a and 1b. 3) (6 pts) Refer to the NSPE Code of Ethics, see BlackBoard lecture and "Engineering Ethics References" folder. Indicate which rules of practice apply to your chosen issue. Describe why you believe the rule of practice applies. For example: Section II.3.a means Canon 3, rule of practice a. You should have at least three rules of practice. resent them as below: Section II.3.a - Engineers shall be objective and truthful in professional reports, statements, or testimony. They shall include all relevant and pertinent information in such reports, statements or testimony which should bear the date indicating when it was current. Reasoning - The issue is ...... 4) (2 pts) Identify the stakeholders (both direct and indirect). a. (1 pt) Rank the stakeholders by impact of the ethical issue 5) (2 pts) Describe the action choice that you would choose to help resolve the dilemma. Defend this action with persuasive reasoning. OR Identify the solution provided and how to agree or disagree with the action choice. (5 pts) You will also be graded on your ability to communicate effectively (ABET Student Outcome 3). This assignment is not a list of answers, but rather a short essay. Effective communication of information can take many forms. Suggestions for effective communication in written form are the following: 1) Strong, succinct thesis 2) Overall structure of the assignment 3) Topic sentence for each paragraph 4) Supporting details in the body of each paragraph 5) Concluding sentence for each paragraph 6) Smooth transitions from one paragraph to the next Submission Upload a pdf file to BlackBoard for the assignment by the due date in Blackboard. The file name for the assignment should be YourLastName-Ethics.pdf. You are reaching the end of your BS degrees and though your learning at KFUPM may be coming to an end, it is important for you to realize that learning is a life-long process. Learning occurs in many forms including: first-hand experiences, reading books, journals, etc., and listening to experts. TEAM Design and the rest of your career as an engineer will be filled with first-hand experiences from which you will hone your engineering skills. These experiences will be some of the most valuable learning activities you will undergo throughout your career. Books, journals, trade magazines, etc. are all materials that have been vetted by experts in the field, are dense with information, and are a valuable source of reliable information for your careers. Generally, these sources are more valuable than the internet. Due to the ease of access to information, the internet has emerged as, arguably, the most used source of information. Not all of the information found on the internet trustworthy. Much of the content on the web is unvetted. If you ever use the internet as a source of information, then be sure that verify what the original source of information is. Listening to experts in the field is another common way with which one can continue the life-long learning process. Professors, industry experts, professionals (doctors, lawyers, veterinarian) are all trained experts in their respective fields that are listened to regularly. Their opinions are trusted because they have had more training and/or experience than most others in their area, and they have been vetted by trusted and accredited institutions.See Answer
Q17:Part II 2. Please define what is the Underground Economy "About the underground economy," Canada Revenue Agency. https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/corporate/about-canada-revenue-agency-cra/tax- alert/what-canada-revenue-agency-doing-fight-underground-economy.html (Links to an external site.) BUSN1247 - Out of Class Activity 1 (15%)See Answer
Q18:These are examples of how consumers have influenced or can influence how goods and services are sold to them: Information on Whole Foods Markets is available at http://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/ (Links to an external site.) and on Product RED Brand at https://www.red.org/ (Links to an external site.) and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product Red (Links to an external site.) (good summary and source for references). "Ethical consumption websites are interesting to visit. Some possibilities are: • Ethical Consumer at: http://www.ethical consumer.org/ (Links to an external site.). Note the information under the sections "Ethical Ratings" (by animal rights, environment, human rights, and politics) and "Boycotts" (including a list that is interesting to view). • Ethical Company Organization at: http://www.ethical-company- organisation.org/ (Links to an external site.) Question to answer In your opinion should corporate managers or businesses generally, be concerned about this type of website?See Answer
Q19:1) Ethics cases are randomly assigned by last four digits of 800# (see Excel spreadsheet) 2) Write a two-page (minimum) summary of the case containing the information described. Follow these guidelines: USE THE TEMPLATE ON PROVIDED • Format: double spaced, 12 point type, 1" margins Correct grammar and spelling expected 3) Using the template on the next page, complete each section as follows: . Summary of Situation: Read your case study and summarize it in your own words. DO NOT cut and paste. Ethical Issue Recognition: Discuss the ethical issue Application of Ethical Perspectives/Concepts: What ethical perspectives/concepts are applied in this situation, and what are the implications? Responsibility of the Engineer: In this situation, what is the responsibility of the engineer? Cultural Impact of the Solution: What is the cultural impact of the solution? Application of Appropriate Code of Ethics: How would you solve this problem using referring to a specific code of ethics (ASCE, ASME, IEEE, NSPE)? Be sure to state which code of ethics you are using. Code of Ethics URL's http://www.nspe.org/Ethics/CodeofEthics/index.html https://www.asce.org/code-of-ethics/ https://www.asme.org/www.asmeorg/media/resourcefiles/aboutasme/get%20involved/advocacy/polic This is the assignemnt instructionsSee Answer
Q20:7.8 IEEE Code of Ethics We, the members of the IEEE, in recognition of the importance of our technologies in affecting the quality of life throughout the world, and in accepting a personal obligation to our profession, its members and the communities we serve, do hereby commit ourselves to the highest ethical and professional conduct and agree: 1. To uphold the highest standards of integrity, responsible behavior, and ethical conduct in professional activities. 1. to hold paramount the safety, health, and welfare of the public, to strive to comply with ethical design and sustainable development practices, to protect the privacy of others, and to disclose promptly factors that might endanger the public or the environment; 2. to improve the understanding by individuals and society of the capabilities and societal implications of conventional and emerging technologies, including intelligent systems; 3. to avoid real or perceived conflicts of interest whenever possible, and to disclose them to affected parties when they do exist; 4. to avoid unlawful conduct in professional activities, and to reject bribery in all its forms; 5. to seek, accept, and offer honest criticism of technical work, to acknowledge and correct errors, to be honest and realistic in stating claims or estimates based on available data, and to credit properly the contributions of others; 6. to maintain and improve our technical competence and to undertake technological tasks for others only if qualified by training or experience, or after full disclosure of pertinent limitations; II. To treat all persons fairly and with respect, to not engage in harassment or discrimination, and to avoid injuring others. 7. to treat all persons fairly and with respect, and to not engage in discrimination based on characteristics such as race, religion, gender, disability, age, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, or gender expression; 8. to not engage in harassment of any kind, including sexual harassment or bullying behavior; 9. to avoid injuring others, their property, reputation, or employment by false or malicious actions, rumors or any other verbal or physical abuses: III. To strive to ensure this code is upheld by colleagues and co-workers. 10. to support colleagues and co-workers in following this code of ethics, to strive to ensure the code is upheld, and to not retaliate against individuals reporting a violation. Adopted by the IEEE Board of Directors and incorporating revisions through June 2020. Changes to the IEEE Code of Ethics will be made only after the following conditions are met: • Proposed changes shall have been published in THE INSTITUTE at least three (3) months in advance of final consideration by the Board of Directors, with a request for comment, and All IEEE Major Boards shall have the opportunity to discuss proposed changes prior to final action by the Board of Directors, • All IEEE Major Boards shall have the opportunity to discuss proposed changes prior to final action by the Board of Directors, and • An affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes of the members of the Board of Directors present at the time of the vote, provided a quorum is present, shall be required for changes to be made.See Answer

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