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Recently Asked Power Electronics Questions

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Q1:1-16 In the Buck converter of Problem 1-15, assume the current through the inductor to be ripple-free with a value of 34 (the ripple in this current is discussed later in Chapter 3). Draw the waveforms of the voltage at the current-port and the input current at the voltage-port.See Answer
Q2:1-15 In a Buck converter, the input voltage V=12V. The output voltage Vis required to be 9V. The switching frequency f, = 200 kHz. Assuming an ideal switching power-pole, calculate the pulse width 7 of the switching signal, and the duty-ratio d, of the power pole.See Answer
Q3:1-8 An electric-hybrid vehicle offers 52 miles per gallon in mixed (city and highway) driving conditions according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This is in comparison to the gas mileage of 22.1 miles per gallon for an average passenger car in the U.S. in year 2001 [9], with an average of 11,766 miles driven. Calculate the savings in terms of barrels of oil per automobile annually, if a conventional car is replaced by an electric-hybrid vehicle. In calculating this, assume that a barrel of oil that contains 42 gallons yields approximately 20 gallons of gasoline [16]. Based on the estimate in (17) of approximately 136 million automobiles in 1995See Answer
Q4:1-7 1-16 As the pie chart of Fig. 1-7 shows, lighting in the U.S. consumes 19% of the generated electricity. Compact Fluorescent Lamps (CFLs) consume power one- fourth of that consumed by the incandescent lamps for the same light output [15]. According to [13], electricity generation in the U.S. in year 2000 was approximately 3.8×10° MW-hrs. Based on this information, estimate the savings in MW-hrs annually, assuming that all lighting at present is by incandescent lamps, which are to be replaced by CFLs.See Answer
Q5:1-5 According to [12], the total amount of electricity that could potentially be generated from wind in the United States has been estimated at 10.8x10° MW- hrs annually. If one-tenth of this potential is developed, estimate the number of 1-MW windmills that would be required, assuming the capacity factor of the windmills to be 25%.See Answer
Q6:Experiment 2: Ideal & Practical Switch Implementation Objectives: • Understand the differences between ideal and non-ideal (practical) switch • Gain an understanding of the non-ideal characteristics of a practical switch such as: • Rise time • Fall time Delay time • Voltage drop • Leakage Current • Limited speed • Distinguish between switching and conduction losses and compute each in a switching cycle • Compute the switch average power loss Compare between different power semiconductor switching devices and select the right device for a specific application/nIdeal switch 2.1 Consider the switching circuit shown in Fig. P2.1 with a resistive load. Assume the switch is ideal and operating at a duty ratio of 50%. (a) Sketch the waveforms for isw and Vsw. (b) Determine the average output voltage. (c) Determine the average output power delivered to the load. (d) Determine the average output power supplied by the de source. (e) Determine the efficiency of the circuit. 100 V Fig. P2.1 i sw + Vsw- +81 www 592 On 0.5T Off T On Assume: fsw = 100 kHz D = 0.5 Vswon = 0 Isw, off = 0/nPractical Switch • For the previous circuit, repeat the simulation and answer the questions if: tdelay = 0.1 µs trise = tfall = 0.5 µs Rsw,on = 0.10 Rsw,off = 10 k Repeat for fsw = 50, 200 and 500 kHz Questions • Show the simulation results (waveforms) for the current, voltage and power loss for one switching cycle for the ideal and practical switch. For the practical switch (support your answers with simulation verification): • How does the switching loss change when the frequency increases? • How does the conduction loss change when the frequency increases?/n• What is the effect of the rise, fall and delay times on the efficiency? • What is the effect of the voltage drop and leakage current on the efficiency? • Which power loss is dominant at low frequencies, switching or conduction loss? Which is dominant at high frequencies? Hint • You can use an ideal switch model and add non idealities to it. • See the model below in LTSpice./n3.2m Vou This shows an example of suppling a model statement as a SPICE directive directly on the schematic to define a voltage controlled switch. IN VI PULSE (0 10.5m. 5m 01m) OUT RI SI IK MYSW .tran im model MYSW SW(Ron=1 Roff=1Meg Vt=5 Vh=-4) V2 3.3 4.3m 0fSee Answer
Q7:EGLM06: 23-24 Assignment-1: Solar energy battery charger circuit design The objective of this assignment is to design a solar energy battery charge circuit to charge a 48V, 100 Ah Lithium-Ion battery with maximum power from PV array for given conditions. The reference charging circuit is shown in Figure 1. Under standard condition, the PV array need to output voltage around 150 V and output current around 15 A. PV Array Ipe MPPT IGBT/MOSFET Module data Module: A10Green Technology A101-M60-220 Maximum Power (W) 219.876 Open circuit voltage Voc (V) 36.06 Vpr Voltage at maximum power point Vmp (V) 30.12 Temperature coefficient of Voc (%/deg.C) -0.3624 L Diode PWM PV voltage controller C₂ 18at Vat Figure 1 Green Technology A10J-M60-220 solar modules are employed for the PV array. The PV module parameters are shown in Table below: (MATLAB Library) The battery parameter is shown in Table below (MATLAB Library) 48 V Battery Bry Cells per module (Ncell) 60 Short-circuit current Isc (A) 7.95 Current at maximum power point Imp (A) 7.3 Temperature coefficient of Isc (%/deg.C) 0.054805/nNominal voltage (V) 48 Rated capacity (Ah) 100 Initial state-of-charge (%) 50 Battery response time (s) 30 1: PV array electrical characteristics analysis 1.1 Determine PV array configurations and the number of PV modules required. 1.2 Based on the function provided in "Display-V and P-V characteristics" (double clicking the PV array symbol). (1) Plot the I-V and P-V curves of the PV array under different solar irradiance: S = 200W/m², 600W/m², and 1000W/m², respectively. (The cell temperature remains at constant temperature of 25 °C) (2) Use the Data Cursor to record Voc Is Vmax Pmax, for each solar irradiance and fill Table-1 (3) Comment on the effect of solar irradiance on short circuit current Isc and open- circuit voltage Voc as well as Pmax. Irradiation (W/m²) 200 600 1000 Table-1 Isc (A) Voc (V) Temperature (°C) 25 45 65 Vmax (V) (1) Plot the I-V and P-V curves of the selected PV panel under different cell temperature: T= 25°C, 45°C and 65°C, respectively. (The solar irradiance remains at constant irradiance of 1000W/m²). Ise (A) Voc (V) Imax (A) (2) Use the Data Cursor to record VoccVmaxPmax for each s and fill Table-2. (3) Comment on the effect of temperature on short circuit current Ise and open-circuit voltage Voc as well as Pat constant irradiation of 1000(W/m²). Table-2 Vmax (V) Pmax (W) Imar (A) Pmax (W)/n2: Design the solar energy battery charger circuit. The battery charging circult specification and operating conditions are shown in the Table 2.1 below: PV array rated output voltage PV array rated output current Peak to peak value of the battery ripple voltage Peak to peak value of the battery ripple current Buck converter PWM switching frequency C₁ Battery rated voltage 150.6 V 14.6 A 60 mV 2 A 20kHz 100 μF 48V Table 2.1 Initial Battery state of the charge Duration of charging Solar irradiance between 0 to 1 second Solar irradiance between 1 to 2 second Solar irradiance between 2 to 3 second 50%. 3 seconds 200 (W/m²). 1000 (W/m²). Ambient temperature of 25 °C solar array 600 (W/m²). 2.1 Based on the specification and operating conditions specified in Table 2.1. (1) Design a suitable inductance of the output inductor of the buck dc-dc converter so that maximum peak-peak value of inductor output ripple current less than 2A. (2) Design suitable capacitance value for output capacitor C₂ so that the Peak-to- peak value of the battery ripple voltage less than 60 mV. (3) Specify suitable control parameters for the MPPT and controller. (4) Present all above circuit and circuit description. 2.2 Based on above specification and conditions, design and develop the simulation circuit of solar energy battery charger so that the maximum possible solar energy from the PV array can be charged into the battery for the given solar irradiance conditions. (1) Design and develop the buck dc-dc converter circuit for the PV charger system. (2) Design a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, voltage controller as well as the PWM generation circuit for the buck dc/dc converter charging circuit so that the PV array can always output at its maximum power for the given conditions. 2.3 The solar irradiance is set as: from 0 to 1 second - 200 (W/m²), 1 to 2 second - 600 (W/m²), from 2 to 3 second - 1000 (W/m²), carry out the simulation for 3 seconds./n2.5 Simulation results and analysis: (1) Present the output voltage, output current and output power waveform of the PV Array. Comment on PV array output voltage, current and power. Is the PV array output voltage, current and power expected? (2) Comment on the performance of MPPT controller and effect on the PV output voltage, current and power. Estimate the MPPT efficiency by comparing the theoretical values in Task-1. (3) Present the duty cycle as well as PWM waveforms and estimate the duty cycle in steady-state operation of the buck converter. (4) Present the battery input voltage and current waveforms. Comment on the value and quality of battery charging voltage and current. is simulated voltage and current waveforms of the battery expected? 2.6 If the IGBT switch is implemented by using IKW30N60H3 IGBT device (Data sheet uploaded in canvas/Assignment Overview), estimate the IGBT power loss under solar irradiance of 1000 (W/m2) condition and calculate the percentage of this power loss against the power delivered. (Estimation method should be provided). 3. Conclusion 4. Reference Report Submission: A coursework report based on the work in Task 1 and 2 is needed to submitted after you complete the circuit design and simulation. The report should be typed and submitted as a portable document in PDF format. The report should not be more than 15 pages in single column format. Clearly state your student number on the cover page of your report. Submission method: The assignment report should be uploaded in a single document in PDF to the EGLM06 Energy and Power Electronics Laboratory on Canvas.See Answer
Q8:1. Draw the circuit diagram for Half Bridge Invertor and Full Bridge Invertor. justify which circuit is better. 2. a. Define Switch and its operation with relevant diagram. b. Draw the Circuit symbol for Diode, Thyristor, BJT, MOSFET, GTO, IGBT & IGCT. 3. Draw the circuit diagram for Single Phase To Three Phase full wave Cycloconverters Explain the control characteristics of the following semiconductor devices. 1)Thyristor 4. 2) Power BJT 3) MOSFET 4) IGBT 5) GTO 5. Discuss the different application area of Power Electronics./nSee Answer
Q9:Designing three phase capacitor Consider a 3.0 MW, 3 KV, 2 pair pole, 60 Hz, 1812 rpm SCIG fixed-speed wind energy system. The system is connected to a grid of 3 KV/60 Hz (assuming the transformer turns ratio of 1:1 for simplicity). The impedance of the induction generator is given as 2.681 2153.30. Determine the slip of the IG. How much active power delivered by the IG? Find the capacitance value of the capacitor bank required to compensate the reactive power of the IG. 116 GB SCIG Soft Starter Bypass Switch Transformer Grid PF CompensatorSee Answer
Q10: which equals 1 if v (t) ≥ v,; otherwise 0. The transistor duty-ratio based on Fig. 2-12 is given as d(t) = v. (t) V. Thus, the control voltage v₂(t) can provide regulation of the average output voltage of the switching power-pole, as discussed further in Chapters 3 and 4. 0 90 REFERENCES V. dT. S Figure 2-12 PWM IC waveforms. t 2. International Rectifier (http://www.irf.com). 3. POWEREX Corporation (http://www.pwrx.com). 4. Fuji Semiconductor (http://www.fujisemiconductor.com). (2-8) - vc(t) 1. N. Mohan, T. M. Undeland, and W.P. Robbins, Power Electronics: Converters, Applications and Design, 3rd Edition, Wiley & Sons, New York, 2003. 5. On Semiconductor (http://www.onsemiconductor.com). 6. Infineon Technologies (http://www.infineon.com). 7. Panasonic Capacitors (http://www.panasonic.com/industrial/components/capcitor.htm). 8. Aavid Corporation for Heat Sinks (http://www.aavid.com). 9. Bergquist Company for thermal pads (http://www.bergquistcompany.com). 10. Unitrode for PWM Controller ICs (http://www.unitrode.com). PROBLEMS MOSFET in a Power-Pole of Fig 2-4a A MOSFET is used in a switching power-pole shown in Fig. 2-4a. Assume the diode ideal. The operating conditions are as follows: V₁ = 40V, I =5A, the switching frequency f = 200 kHz, and the duty-ratio d =0.3. Under the operating conditions, the MOSFET has the following switching times: td(on) = 100ns, t = 30ns, t = = 20 ns, 2-15 td (off) = 50ns, RDS(on) = 20m. Assume VGG as a step voltage between 0 V and 12 V. 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 = t 25ns, t = 15 ns. The on-state resistance of the MOSFET is fi 2-16 Draw and label the turn-on and turn-off characteristics of the MOSFET and sketch the MOSFET gate-source voltage vs waveform. Plot the turn-on and the turn-off switching power losses in the MOSFET. Calculate the average switching power loss in the MOSFET, and the percentage reduction in the converter energy efficiency due to this switching power loss. Calculate the average conduction loss in the MOSFET. In stead of an ideal diode, consider that the diode is actual and has a forward voltage drop VFM = 0.8V. Calculate the average forward power loss in the diode. In the diode reverse recovery characteristic shown in Fig. 2A-1, t = 10ns, t = 25 ns, and IRRM = 2A. Calculate the average switching power in the diode. In the gate-drive circuitry of the MOSFET, assume that the external power supply Vext in Fig. 2-8 has a voltage of 12 V. Each time, to turn the MOSFET on under the conditions given requires a charge Q = 45 nC. Calculate the average gate-drive power loss. 8 In this problem, we will calculate new values of the turn-on and the turn-off delay times of the MOSFET, based on the gate driver IC IR2127, as described in section 2-4-4. This IC is supplied with a voltage V = 12V with respect to the MOSFET Source. Assume this voltage to equal VGG. ext (a) For the turn-on, assume that this driver IC is a voltage source of VGG with an internal resistance of 60 in series. Calculate the turn-on delay time ta(on), assuming that the MOSFET threshold voltage VGS(th) = 3V. Assume the MOSFET capacitance to be 1190 pF for this calculation. (b) For turning-off of the MOSFET, assume that this driver IC shorts the MOSFET gate to its source through an internal resistance of 302. Calculate the turn-off delay time ta(off), assuming that the MOSFET voltage VGS(1₂) = 4.5V. Assume the MOSFET capacitance to be 1900 pF for this calculation. In the Buck converter in which this switching power-pole is used, the output filter capacitor consists of a parallel combination of an electrolytic capacitor and a metalized-polyester capacitor. The electrolytic capacitor has the following 2-9 measured values: C=697μF, ESR = 0.0372, and ESL=16nH. The metalized-polyester capacitor has the following measured values: C=10µF, ESR = 0.042, and ESL=34nH. Using any computer program, plot the impedance magnitude of each capacitor, and of their parallel combination, on the same log-log plot, as a function of frequency (from 1 kHz to 1 MHz). At f = 200 kHz, what are the relative impedance magnitudes of these two capacitors? The MOSFET losses are the sum of those computed in Problems 2-2 and 2-3. The junction temperature must not exceed 100°C, and the ambient temperature is given as 40°C. From the MOSFET datasheet, R₂ = 1.2°C/W. The thermal jc pad has Rs = 1.8°C/W. Calculate the maximum value of Rea that the heat sink can have. APPENDIX 2A DIODE REVERSE RECOVERY AND POWER LOSSES In this appendix, the diode reverse characteristic is described and the associated power losses are calculated. The increase in the MOSFET turn-on switching loss due to the diode reverse recovery current is discussed in the accompany CD. 2A-1 Average Forward Loss in Diodes FM The current flow through a diode results in a forward voltage drop VEM across the diode. The average forward power loss Pdiode, in the diode in the circuit of Fig. 2-4a can be calculated as F Pdiode, F = (1-d). VEMI FM (2A-1) where d is the MOSFET duty-ratio in the power-pole, and hence the diode conducts for (1-d) portion of each switching time-period. 2A-2 Diode Reverse Recovery Characteristic Forward current in power diodes, unlike in Schottky diodes that are majority-carrier devices, is due to the flow of electrons as well as holes. This current results in an accumulation of electrons in the p-region and of holes in the n-region. The presence of these charges allows a flow of current in the negative direction that sweeps away these excess charges, and the negative current quickly comes to zero, as shown in the plot of Fig. 2A-1. The peak reverse recovery current IRRM and the reverse recovery charge Q shown in Fig. 2A-1 depend on the initial forward current I, and the rate di/dt at which this current decreases. 2-17See Answer
Q11: SBE2112 Electrical Systems Assignment 2 You are working in the process industry as an IWSP student. Your industry supervisor has assigned you the task of identifying opportunities for improving energy efficiency, with the ultimate objective of reducing the monthly electricity bill. The process plant is highly automated and operates on 24-hour basis. It takes power supply from the grid at 22 kV and hence qualifies for High Tension tariffs as shown in Figure 1. Having analyzed the past monthly electricity bills and observed the power trending of the plant SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) system, you found that the process plant effectively takes a constant power of 5 MW at a lagging power factor of 0.83. The 3 phases of the power supply system are balanced. You were excited with the opportunity to start with the “low hanging fruit” of improving the power factor and hence reducing or avoiding the reactive power charges in the monthly electricity bills. You proceeded with calculating the reactive power taken by the plant and thereby determined the size (rating in KVAR) of the power factor correction capacitors required to improve the power factor to unity. Your vendor (contractor) has quoted you the cost of implementing power factor correction unit at $150 per KVAR, including all installation cost. You discussed your preliminary findings with your industry supervisor. He instructed you to prepare a report for submission to the plant operation manager who is a chemical engineer with limited knowledge in electrical engineering. Your Report Your report should include, but not limited to, the following points: • An explanation of the basis of reactive power charges in the electricity tariffs; The opportunity to reduce the reactive power charges in your process plant through power factor improvement; Your proposed approach of using capacitors for reactive power compensation (power factor improvement); • Your calculation in sizing the required capacitive KVAR; • The project costing for implementing the power factor improvement; The estimated pay-back period; • Your recommendations, supported by reasons, for installing the power factor correction unit. Submit your assignment through Dropbox in XSite. The deadline for submission of your report is 22 March 2024, 2359hours. ELECTRICITY TARIFFS FROM 1 OCTOBER 2022 Existing Tariff (without GST] New Tariff (without GST) New Tariff (with 7% GST) LOW TENSION SUPPLIES, DOMESTIC 30.17 29.74 31.82 All units, c/kWh LOW TENSION SUPPLIES, NON-DOMESTIC 30.17 29.74 31.82 All units, c/kWh HIGH TENSION SMALL (HTS) SUPPLIES Contracted Capacity Charge 11.95 11.95 12.79 S/kW/month Uncontracted Capacity Charge 17.93 17.93 19.19 $/chargeable kW/month kWh charge, c/kWh Peak period (7.00am to 11.00pm] 27.81 27.17 29.07 Off-peak period (11.00pm to 7.00am) 16.49 16.69 17.86 Reactive power Charge 0.59 0.59 0.63 c/chargeable kVARh HIGH TENSION LARGE (HTL) SUPPLIES Contracted Capacity Charge 11.95 11.95 12.79 S/kW/month Uncontracted Capacity Charge 17.93 17.93 19.19 $/chargeable kW/month kWh charge, c/kWh Peak period (7.00am to 11.00pm] 27.59 26.95 28.84 Off-peak period (11.00pm to 7.00am) 16.48 16.68 17.85 Reactive power Charge 0.59 0.59 0.63 c/chargeable kVARh EXTRA HIGH TENSION (EHT) SUPPLIES Contracted Capacity Charge 10.09 10.09 10.80 S/kW/month Uncontracted Capacity Charge 15.14 15.14 16.20 $/chargeable kW/month kWh charge, c/kWh Peak period (7.00am to 11.00pm] 26.57 25.96 27.78 Off-peak period (11.00pm to 7.00am) 16.35 16.56 17.72 Reactive power Charge 0.48 0.48 0.51 c/chargeable kVARh Figure 1 - Electricity TariffsSee Answer
Q12: DC-DC power electronic Project Title: converter for an electric vehicle drive. AIM OF PROJECT The design and control of a dc-dc power electronic converter for an electric vehicle drive. The converter will be required to control power flow from battery pack to electric motor and to control power flow in the reverse direction due to regenerative braking of the motor. 2 Summary of work to be undertaken for satisfactory completion: (This will form the project brief to students and should list the main milestones that need to be achieved. Please attach an additional sheet if further information is available. If industrially based include company name and contact details). 1. Research current and emerging battery and electric motor technologies for electric vehicle drives and critically evaluate them. 2. Select appropriate battery and motor types and give a detailed theoretical analysis of them. Specify current, voltage and power parameters for both battery pack and motor. 3. Research dc-dc power electronic converters for electric vehicles drives and provide a critical evaluation of the topologies. For a suitable converter topology, design the power circuit and the control circuit. 4. Simulate the battery/dc-dc power electronic converter/motor drive scheme using an appropriate simulation tool. 5. Critically evaluate the simulated operation of the dc-dc power electronic converter in the drive scheme. Identify areas for improvement and further work. Written Assignment IMPORTANT IMPORTANT NV Marking Scheme Log-book /Viva Voce 20 concise discussion of the and Exceptionally lucid, pertinent, accurate succinct with cross statements in the conclusions recommendations and to sections evidence contribution with of to with accurate use of the Harvard system Conclusions- Reflection and Recommendations 10 Referencing & Bibliography 5 Outstanding comprehensive referencing and bibliography Project layout 5 Outstanding presentation, logically and coherently structured, using correct grammar and spelling Outstanding verbal defence of work evidence by outstanding, clear, succinct, accurate and knowledge thorough responses to questions cross where Excellent pertinent, accurate succinct statements in the conclusions and and to recommendations sections Excellent referencing and bibliography with accurate use of the Harvard system and Excellent presentation, logically coherently structured, using correct grammar and spelling Excellent verbal defence of work evidence by clear, succinct, accurate and thorough responses to questions Classification Range Introduction Literature/Research (Level 6) of Marks with Abstract 5 Reviews 15 % 1 79.5- Outstanding Extensive and Outstanding 100% insightful comprehensive work evaluation and evidence of integrating (1st) synthesis of issues and material which applied & includes an original and reflective approach 2 Excellent 69.5 <79.5% Excellent work (1st) evaluation and synthesis of issues and material which includes some original and reflective thinking recent, appropriate supplementary sources of literature Extensive evidence of integrating, recent, appropriate applied & supplementary sources of literature Development- Design 20 a The application of design shows an excellent grasp of available techniques and the ability to judge how specification can most effectively be met, producing work of outstanding quality. Appropriate design and construction techniques are being successfully applied a high professional standard. to Development- Implementation & Testing 20 Evaluations of all systems and sub-systems responses and/or results is made at planned junctures, and at other times when clarification of performance is found to necessary, and effective modifications based on analytical assessments made with little difficulty. Thorough testing is carried out as a matter of routine at each major stage and at other times when clarification of performance is found to be necessary, with well-chosen results compared with predicated behaviour and effective modifications put in place. Discussion- Analysis of outcomes 20 Thorough, accurate and analysis statements referencing where appropriate published information. Accurate and concise discussion of the analysis with statements referencing appropriate published information 9 3 59.5 Very good <69.5% quality work (2:1) 4 Good quality work (2:2) Thorough and accurate evaluation and synthesis of issues material and 49.5 <59.5% Accurate description main issues and material, with some critical evaluation of Very good evidence of integrating, recent, appropriate applied & supplementary sources of literature Good evidence of integrating, recent, appropriate applied & supplementary sources of literature Demonstrating a working good knowledge of available design and construction techniques that are being applied with considerable success A competent demonstration of basic design skills and knowledge 5 39.5 Limited Satisfactory (3rd) <49.5 % evaluation and of Satisfactory evidence integrating, description of appropriate applied & supplementary sources of literature Design skills are evident but repeated guidance on their exploitation sometimes necessary. 1S main issues and material Testing is carried out at major stages and any other time when clarification of performance is thought to be necessary, comparison of results with predicted behaviour made modifications put in place. and Testing is carried out as a routine at major stages, comparison with predicated behaviour made, and modifications put in place. Very good and concise discussion of the analysis with statements some cross referencing where appropriate to published information. Good discussion of the analysis with some statements cross referencing where appropriate to published information. Testing is carried out at a few stages and at the remaining when prompted. Comparison with theoretical expectations is often made but not always. Some essential modifications are not always realised to be necessary. Satisfactory discussion analysis occasional statements referencing published information. of the with cross to Very good accurate and statements succinct in the conclusions recommendations sections Very referencing and bibliography good Very good Very good presentation, logically competently structured, using defence of work and evidence clear by and accurate good grammar and spelling responses to questions and with accurate Good accurate and clear statements in the conclusions and recommendations sections Satisfactory statements in the conclusions and some reasonable recommendations use of the Harvard system Good referencing and bibliography with use of the Harvard system Satisfactory referencing and bibliography with use of the Harvard system with Good defence of work and reasonable responses questions Good presentation, logically reasonably structured, using good grammar and spelling Satisfactory structure to Satisfactory defence of work with reasonable and presentation, using acceptable grammar and responses questions spelling to 6 Unsatisfactory (Fail) 29.5 <39.5% Weak evaluatio Marginal evidence of and description ofntegrating, main issues and ppropriate applied & material, withupplementary sources of literature some errors Limited success with circuit/software developed. Unlikely to obtain a pass grade at this level of effort, skills and knowledge of design Testing is carried out in a disorganised manner with the results not fully understood or acted upon Very weak discussion of the analysis with errors and little to no cross referencing published information. to Unsatisfactory and weak statements in the conclusions and recommendations sections Inaccurate or limited referencing and bibliography with errors in the use of the Harvard system Unsatisfactory structure and presentation, with errors in grammar and spelling Unsatisfactory or weak defence of work with poor responses to questions 10/nSee Answer
Q13: LAB # 5 AC STATOR CURRENT CONTROL Please reach out for any extensions. The purpose of this experiment is to use a microcontroller to control the three-phase stator currents of an AC machine. In this lab, the DC machine will be used to prevent the rotor of an AC surface- mount permanent-magnet machine from spinning. As a result, the machine will behave as the three-phase AC stator discussed in the lecture. The required material Based on our experience in previous lab experiments, we can realize how difficult it would be if we wanted to control a three phase machine using breadboard circuitry. In this lab we will therefore be taking advantage of microcontroller-based control systems that we used in lab 6, the dSpace controller. In this experiment we are replacing one of the DC machines with a Surface- Mount Permanent-Magnet machine with the following parameters: Ld = 0.09 mH, Lq = 0.27 mH and R = 300 m Remote students (ISD 599) will be watching the video of the lab demonstration: Lab 05: AC motor current control Please watch the Lab 05: AC motor current control video under Panopto video section on canvas. After watching the lab performance video, please use the provided experimental data on canvas to analyze and answer the post lab questions. Please note: • The instructor in the video is not me, It's an old video. EECS-419 Winter 2024 Part B, Lab Report Your lab report should describe the experiment in detail, so that the reader can establish that you understood the lab. You should compare the results of the stationary and synchronous current regulators, and explain the observations/differences. Please use the data provided on canvas to plot/analyze the response for both regulators. The file name indicates excitation frequency and the controller type. Further, a document containing the label for the reference data is also shared to help in identifying the recorded signals. A sample code illustrating on how to read the “.mat” file is also provided. Please state whether the results agree with your understanding of the theory. Pre-Lab Design PI regulators for both stationary and synchronous reference frames for the given machine parameters and a desired bandwidth of 500 Hz. Also, study the design of current regulators in synchronous frame and stationary reference frames (you will have to submit the control block diagram for both). You will not be able to do the understand/analyze experiments without the knowledge of these controllers. 2See Answer
Q14:2-7 In this problem, we will calculate new values of the turn-on and the turn-off delay times of the MOSFET, based on the gate driver IC IR2127, as described in section 2-4-4. This IC is supplied with a voltage V-12V with respect to the MOSFET Source. Assume this voltage to equal VG- (a) For the turn-on, assume that this driver IC is a voltage source of Vo with an internal resistance of 6002 in series. Calculate the turn-on delay time ) assuming that the MOSFET threshold voltage Vos = 37. Assume the MOSFET capacitance to be 1190 pF for this calculation. (b) For turning-off of the MOSFET, assume that this driver IC shorts the i MOSFET gate to its source through an internal resistance of 3052. Calculate the turn-off delay time fa assuming that the MOSFET voltage VaR-4.5V Assume the MOSFET capacitance to be 1900 pF for this calculation.See Answer
Q15:PART 2: PSPICE SIMULATIONS: Here you will be simulating the complete two-stage amplifier. Use the PSpice model for Project #1 that uses standard resistor values. A. SCHEMATIC: Submit your complete PSpice schematic. All resistor values must clearly be shown on the schematic. B. SIMULATED DC BIAS: What are the simulated DC bias parameters, ICQ, VCEO, VBEQ and transistor Power Dissipation, PD, transistor? Submit a table showing the simulated values for ICQ, VCEQ, VBEQ, and PD, transistor for each transistor. C. SIMULATED POWER SUPPLY BIAS: What is the total current delivered from the supply, Ips? Does your circuit operate below the specification for maximum current, IPS< 250mA. D. SIMULATED CURRENT SWING: Simulate your design in PSpice using a 1kHz sinusoidal input, use a voltage source with a 10K source resistor as shown above. Place a current probe on the wire leading into your circuit (on the left side of the capacitor, C1). What is the largest peak-to-peak swing in the output current, it, through the 64 ohm load resistance? To find the maximum swing, you should slowly increase the source amplitude until the output current waveform begins to clip at the top or the bottom. Unless you have a design optimized for maximum symmetrical swing, it's most likely that the clipping will not be symmetrical. In other words, the point of clipping in the positive peak current will be different from the negative peak current. Submit a plot showing it with clipping using a ß = 200. When clipping occurs, chose the smaller of the two values and double this value, this is the peak-to-peak swing in the output current, iL. Clearly report this peak-to- peak swing in the output current, i. Did your design achieve the 100mA peak-to-peak swing (50 mA peak)? ECE3124 Class A Two-Stage Amplifier Design E. Repeat (D) for B= 100 and 300. Submit a table showing the maximum peak-to-peak swing in it for B = 100, 200 and 300. Did you meet the peak-to-peak swing under all conditions? Rev 0.0 Project #2 - Fall 2023/nE. Repeat (D) for B = 100 and 300. Submit a table showing the maximum peak-to-peak swing in it for ß = 100, 200 and 300. Did you meet the peak-to-peak swing under all conditions? F. SIMULATED EFFICIENCY: Using the peak swing in load current, it (just below clipping), and load resistance, 64 ohms, calculate the simulated power conversion efficiency, n? You will need the total power supply current, IPS, from your simulation. Show all your calculations using data recorded from your simulated plots. Show all your calculations using data recorded from your simulated plots, no points for just an answer. G. SIMULATED SMALL SIGNAL OPERATION: Using PSpice, reduce the input source amplitude so that it is should be small enough to operate your transistor in the small signal region. Verify that the peak AC voltage across the Base-Emitter (B-E) junction, vie, is less than 2.6mV peak (<<26mV) for both transistors. If Vie is greater than 2.6mV, decrease the source amplitude until the B-E voltage is in the small signal range for both transistors.. Record the amplitude value of the source voltage for small signal operation. Submit plots showing of vie for ß = 200 for both transistors. Use a scale so the voltage waveforms can easily be observed. H. SIMULATED GAIN FOR COMPLETE TWO-STAGE AMPLIFIER: Using the input source with amplitude set to the value found in part (K), what is the small signal gain, A₁ =, at B= 200? Submit two plots showing is and it under small signal conditions using a B= 200. Edit the transistor model and change the value for ẞ to 100 and then to 300, record the small signal gain for each condition. What is the variation in the current gain, A₁ = when ß is varied over the range from 100 to 300? Submit a table showing current gain, A₁ = 4, for ß = 100, 200 and 300. What is the % variation in your gain across this range in ß (relative to ß = 200, percent variation is calculated using (simulated-target x100%))? target I. SIMULATED INPUT RESISTANCE: Using the source amplitude found in part (G), what is the simulated input resistance, Rin, to your amplifier? Using current and voltage test probes at the amplifier input to calculate the input resistance using PSpice by placing cursors at the peak of each sinusoidal waveform and dividing the voltage result by the current. Note that the placement of V/I probes on the schematic in circuit areas where there is DC voltage and/or DC current will result in a DC offset in the simulated measurements, if so, either move the probe or subtract the DC offset from the results. Submit two plots showing the voltage and current waveforms used to calculate Rin having ß = 200. Submit a table comparing your hand calculation and PSpice value for Rin. Submit a table showing PSpice values for Rin with ß= 100, 200 and 300.See Answer
Q16:PART 1: HAND CALCULATIONS Note: If you changed your original Power Amp Project #1 design as the result of Lab #3 or other reason, then re-simulate the Power Amp circuit using the new circuit and include here. A. From project #1, list the following values in a Table. Use the Project #1 design with standard resistor values (the one you built in the Lab #3 experiment). 1. Equivalent input resistance, Rin, for that power amp stage using your PSpice results. Note: this value already includes the 64 ohm load. ECE3124 2. Small Signal Gain. Use the PSpice value of small signal current gain for just the Project #1 power amp stage. Rev 0.0 Project #2 - Fall 2023 Class A Two-Stage Amplifier Design 3. VCC. You will be using the same DC voltage from the power amplifier (Project #1) for this driver amplifier (Project #2) B. Submit all hand calculations for your design. It is important to show how you decided on your resistor values and DC operating conditions. Use B= 200 for all of the following calculations. C. What are your calculated DC transistor bias parameters? Make one table showing Ico VBEQ, VCEQ, and PD for each transistor (hand calculations for this design and PSpice parameters for project #1). D. What is your total DC current, Ips, supplied from the DC voltage source? You can add the total current for the hand calculations of this design and that of PSpice for Project #1. E. What is your calculated small signal current gain, A;? Make a table of the calculated gain for this driver (input) stage, the power amp stage (PSpice Project #1), and the combined two-stage design (multiply the two gains together). F. Using a value of B= 200, calculate your Input Resistance, Rin, for the complete two-stage design. The calculated value will require that you include the small signal equivalent models for both the driver and the power amp. G. In a table, list the resistor values and associated power dissipation for all resistors in your design. Split the table into resistors in the driver amplifier stage and the power amplifier stage. H. Submit the complete schematic of your two-stage design.See Answer
Q17:Task#3 [30 marks] Speed control of a DC motor is one of the main engineering applications. The full wave rectifier could be used to control the speed of a DC Motor by changing the input voltage demanded. Moreover, a PID controller is carried out to provide a robust system response. Figure 3 shows the block diagram for the system including the PID controller. Investigate the followings using the MATLAB/Simulink software:See Answer
Q18:Task#2 [20 marks] 1) Model the converter designed in task#1 on MATLAB/Simulink. [6 marks] 2) Carry out simulation using MATLAB/Simulink showing the output voltage, output current, and voltage across the thyristor T1. [10 marks] 3) Investigate a comparative study between the previously sketched graphs in task#1 with the simulation output graph and comment on the results. [4 marks]See Answer
Q19:Element tasks: Task no. Task#1 [10 marks] Deliverables Design a full wave-controlled rectifier connected to an RL load. The circuit specifications are shown in Table 1. Select the right design parameters according to your last SID number. Record your SID number in the grid below: Record your last SID: For example: 1 2 3 LO 4 5 6 7 (Last SID number) Requirements: Sketch one cycle fully annotated for the followings: 1- Voltage waveform across the load R versus the input voltage. 2- Current waveform across the load R. [4 marks] [4 marks] [2 marks] 3- Voltage across the Thyristor T₁. Note: (No simulation results accepted, calculation and hand sketch only).See Answer
Q20:Describe the Cuk' circuit for buck-boost converter for isolated and non-isolated configurations. Mention its advantages and disadvantages in detail.See Answer

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