Flow Chapter 1: Introduction ü Overview of the growing problem of plastic waste and the need for sustainable waste management strategies. ü Importance of recycling and reusing plastics to mitigate environmental impact. ü Introduction to the concept of composite materials and their significance in waste valorization. Global plastic waste generation and its environmental impact. ü Challenges of managing non-recyclable municipal solid waste (MSW). ü Importance of waste valorization and circular economy principles. ü Potential of using recovered plastics and natural fibers from MSW for composites production. ü Benefits of using recycled materials: economic, environmental, and societal. ü Alignment with sustainable development goals. Research Problem and Motivation ü Statement of the research problem: the challenge of recycling non-recyclable municipal solid waste (MSW) into valuable composite materials. ü Motivation behind the study: addressing environmental concerns and developing sustainable solutions for waste management. Objectives of the Study ü Investigate the feasibility of using non-recyclable plastics and waste fibers in composite production. ü Evaluate the mechanical, thermal, and environmental properties of the resulting composites. ü Optimize composite formulations to enhance performance and sustainability. Scope and Significance ü Define the scope of the study in terms of materials (polyolefins, waste fibers) and processing techniques (compounding, molding). ü Highlight the potential impact of the research on waste management practices, composite materials industry, and environmental sustainability. Overview of Methodology ü Briefly outline the experimental phases and methodologies employed (as described in the experimental design section). Chapter 2: Literature Review ü Introduction to Composite Materials ü Define composite materials and their applications. ü Discuss the importance of composite materials in sustainable development. ü Current methods for plastic waste management (landfilling, incineration, recycling). ü Limitations of existing recycling technologies for mixed plastic waste. ü Challenges and opportunities for MSW plastic recovery. Natural Fibers in Composites: ü Types and properties of natural fibers suitable for composites (waste cellulosic fibers). ü Benefits of using natural fibers in composites (lightweighting, sustainability). ü Challenges of incorporating natural fibers into composites (compatibility, performance). Recycled Plastics in Composites: ü Use of recycled plastics in composites (virgin vs. recycled materials). ü Impact of recycled plastic content on composite properties (mechanical, thermal). ü Strategies for improving compatibility between recycled plastics and natural fibers. Review of Plastic Waste Recycling ü Overview of current plastic waste management practices and challenges. ü Survey of recycling techniques for conventional and non-conventional plastics. Recycled Fibers in Composite Production ü Literature review on the use of waste fibers (particularly cellulosic fibers) in composite materials. ü Review studies focusing on the enhancement of mechanical properties and sustainability of composites using recycled fibers. Compatibilizers and Coupling Agents ü Discussion on the role of compatibilizers (e.g., MAPP, MAPE) in enhancing interfacial adhesion between polymers and fibers. ü Review of studies investigating the effectiveness of various compatibilizers in composite formulations. ü Role of compatibilizers (MAPP and MAPE) in enhancing adhesion between components. ü Mechanisms of action and types of compatibilizers used in composites. ü Selection criteria for compatibilizers based on material properties Processing Techniques/ Processing Techniques for Composites: ü Overview of compounding techniques (e.g., twin screw extrusion) for polymer composites. ü Review of compression molding processes and their influence on composite properties. ü Common processing methods for polymer-based composites (twin-screw extrusion, compression molding) ü Advantages and limitations of different processing techniques. Characterization of Composite Materials ü Literature survey on methods for characterizing mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polymer composites./n INSTRUCTIONS THESIS WRITING MSC thesis Strong Background for material engineering fiber composites Page Range: Based on standard formatting guidelines (e.g., double-spaced, 12-point font, standard margins), Page Limit 100 Pages The thesis is in composites material (composite material consist of a matrix (plastics) and a reinforcement material(fiber). Literature Cited Warning about PLAGIARISM All ideas and concepts that do not represent your original thoughts must be referenced. Direct use of someone else's words must be set off with quotation marks and properly referenced. Use of another person's ideas, even if paraphrased, or word-for-word copying of all or part of the work of another without due acknowledgment constitutes plagiarism and is strictly prohibited. References The format for references must include: complete authorship (last name and initial of first name), journal abbreviation, full title of the article, beginning and ending page numbers, as well as the volume of the journal and the year when the article was published. References to books must include the author and/or editor, the name of the book, date of publication, publisher, city of publication, and inclusive page numbers. References to unpublished technical reports should explain as fully as possible where the document can be found. In all cases, use appropriate abbreviations for journal names consisting of multiple words. Never abbreviate single title journals such as Science or Nature. It is essential that all text references appear in the section titled "LITERATURE CITED” and that all references listed are cited in the text. The numerical referencing system is recommended for your thesis/dissertation. Cite the first reference [1] or multiple references [1-4] at the end of sentence within parentheses. Abstracts do not contain references. Subsequent references are listed as [2], [3], [4], etc. in numerical order throughout the remainder of the text. Compile your references in numerical order at the end of your thesis/dissertation under the heading “LITERATURE CITED.” Each reference should be single- spaced with a double-space between references. Only materials actually cited in the text are to be listed under the, “Literature Cited." Additional sources used but not cited should be added under the heading "Additional References Used But Not Cited." Examples of acceptable format for journal and book citations listed below. JOURNAL: 1. Devenyi, P., Robinson, G.M. and Roncari, D.A.K. 1980. Alcohol and high-density lipoproteins. J. Can. Med. Assoc. 123:981-984. BOOK 2. Packard, C.J. and Shepard, J. 1983. Low density lipoprotein levels. In: Gotto, A.M. and Paoletti, R., eds., Atherosclerosis reviews. Raven Press, New York, Vol. 11, pp.29-63 3. Jones, Janice. 1987. Thermodynamics. Raven Press, New York, pp.35-48