/n Q Queen Mary University of London EMS509U- Unit Operations PBL 1a: Microalgae cultivation using a lab scale Photo-Bio-Reactor (PBR) and filtration: Experimental introduction Jincheng Wu, Stoyan Smoukov, Edo Boek ●

PBL 4 is a group project and consists of 2 parts: a) Experimental cultivation of micro-algae using a lab scale PBR b) Design of an efficient Martian Micro Algal Processing Plant (MMAPP) You will work on Design on Mondays when you are not working in the lab. This presentation covers the experiment - design is in the next PPT. • You will learn here about cultivation of algae using our advanced lab-scale Photo-Bio-Reactor (PBR). PBL 1: Micro-Algae cultivation using a PBR and Design of a Micro-Algal Processing Plant Lab sessions scheduled for all groups in week 1. Attendance required! • Virtual Lab video recordings have been prepared - please see QM+ Each group will obtain their own unique data set from their lab experiments ● PBL 1: Marking Scheme 1. Lab experiments: Tue 23rd and Thu 25th Jan 09:00 – 18:00 ● • Lab attendance is compulsory and will be monitored ● ● ● Design of MABPP progress updates: Mon 11:00-13:00 Week 2 - informal update: feedback - attendance compulsory: 0% Week 3 - informal update: feedback - attendance compulsory: 0% Week 4 - Group PRESENTATION: 40% ● Check group list on QM+ module page groups 1-4: Tue 23rd Jan groups 5-8: Thu 25th Jan ● • Final Group presentation (40 %) must cover labs and design • each group member must present ● Group report (60 %) must cover labs and design What are microalgae? Queen Mary University of London ● Background What are microalgae? Microalgae: small in size, many shapes, radius generally varies between 1 and 50 μm. • Characteristic: eukaryotic unicellular photosynthetic organisms. Great diversity and adaptability: over 200,000 species found in fresh water, brackish, salty or wastewater. Oil-rich and protein-rich species are of interest. For more information: European Algae Biomass Association WWW.EABA- ASSOCIATION.ORG Queen Mary University of London Distance 6.746 μm/n PBL 1: Design a sustainable and cost-effective Micro-Algal Processing Plant (MAPP) Edo Boek (MO), Stoyan Smoukov (co-MO), Jincheng Wu (PhD demonstrator) ● Design a profitable and environmentally sustainable Micro-Algal Biofuel Process Plant (MABPP) 0 ● Varicon aqua Your challenge: provide sustainable energy for the world by growing algae. Fossil fuels are not sustainable and therefore have to be replaced with renewable energy resources. Q Queen Mary University of London • One of the most promising sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels is the extraction of biofuels from micro-algae. Micro-algae are farmed / processed in Micro-Algal Biofuel Process Plants (MABPP) Varicon Aqua, a UK Green Energy Company, is considering investment in the development, design and construction of an innovative MABPP facility. Your group goal is to prepare a business plan and present this to Varicon Aqua, see https://www.variconaqua.com/ Micro-algae use sunlight and photosynthesis to convert CO₂ to useful products (lipids, sugars, ...) Z • Varicon Aqua PhycoFlowTM Photo-bio-reactor (PBR) Photo-synthesis: 6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C6H₁2O6 + 60₂ 2 12 Algae are more efficient than trees / plants re. photo-synthesis (quantify growth) • Your challenge: produce algal biofuels competitive with fossil fuels PBL 1: Design a sustainable and cost-effective Micro-Algal Processing Plant (MAPP) Climate change due to increased CO2 in atmosphere Mitigate risk through production of micro-algal biofuels Consider CO₂ as major nutrient for algal biofuel production • Carbon-negative energy supply! 2 Check out the following reference and find others: Singh, J. and Dhar, D.W., 2019. Overview of carbon capture technology: microalgal biorefinery concept and state-of-the- art. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, p.417505.. Singh, J. and Dhar, D.W., 2019. Overview of carbon capture technology: microalgal biorefinery concept and state-of-the-art. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, p.417505.. Wastewater Air CO₂ Microalgae culture harvesting Microalgae biomass- Flue gas Nutrients and wastewater recycling Biomass conversion Ci (in form of carbonates) Pyrolysis Gasification Anaerobic digestion Transesterification Fermentation Hydrothermal liquefaction CO₂ recycling Biofuels Value added products CO₂ Energy/n

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Q3.1. Yeast have mitochondria and can perform cellular respiration. What would you expect to be consumed and produced during the process of cellular respiration in yeast? a.Glucose and O2 consumed; CO2 H20, and energy produced. b.Glucose, H2O, CO2, and energy consumed; O2 produced. c. CO2 and H2O consumed; glucose, O2, and energy produced. d. CO2 and energy consumed; H20, 02, and energy produced.

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3. Describe the method of uptake and utilization of the elements of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen in a plant on the Manitoba prairies. Include a discussion about the plant structures involved in internal transportation and utilization of elements. (3 points)

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Aristapedia is a lethal allele that is also dominant. Individuals with this trait must be heterozygous (Aa) because the homozygous condition (AA) is lethal. This is not a sex-linked trait. Wild-type flies do not carry the allele for aristopedia (aa). 1. Predict what the outcome of a cross between a wild-type fly and one with aristopedia. Show the punnett square to illustrate your reasoning.

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5.17 Figure P 5.2 shows the equivalent circuit of a biopotential electrode. A pair of these electrodes are tested in a beaker of physiological saline solution.The test consists of measuring the magnitude of the impedance between the electrodes as a function of frequency via low-level sinusoidal excitation so that the impedances are not affected by the current crossing the electrode-electrolyte interface. The impedance of the saline solution is small enough to be neglected.Sketch a Bode plot (log of impedance magnitude versus log of frequency) of the impedance between the electrodes over a frequency range of 1 to 100,000 Hz.

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5.11 A metal micro electrode has a tip that can be modeled as being cylindrical.The metal itself is 1 um in diameter, and the tip region is 3 mm long. The metal has a resistivity of 1.2 x 10- N.cm and is coated over its circumference with an insulation material 0.2 um thick. The insulation material has a relative dielectric constant of 1.67. Only the base of the cylinder is free of insulation. a. What is the resistance associated with the tip of this microelectode? b. What is the area of the surface of the electrode that contacts the electrolytic solution within the cell? The resistance associated with the electrode-electrolyte interface of this material is 103 0 for 1 cm?. What is the resistance due to this micro electrode's contact with the electrolyte? c. What is the capacitance associated with the tip of the microelectrode when the capacitance at the interface of the electrode-electrolytic solution are neglected? d. Draw an approximate equivalent circuit for the tip portion of this microelectrode. e. At what frequencies do you expect to see distortions when the electrode is connected to an amplifier having a purely resistive input impedance of 10 MO? You may assume that the reference electrode has an impedance low enough so that it will not enter into the answer to this question. If the amplifier's input impedance is raised to 100 MN, how does this affect the

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