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Following an infection with an extracellular bacteria (for this example, the made up bacterium Streptocillia outsidica), we would predict that most optimal immune response would involve activation of humoral immunity. For this example, let's assume that when wild type (WT) mice that have no known genetic mutations and a completely functional immune system are infected with S. outsidica, the infection establishes in the lungs and bacteria are able to overwhelm the standard innate immune response of rapid phagocytosis. Not to worry though-the adaptive immune response is initiated, producing antibodies specific to S. outsidica antigens that migrate to the site of infection. After 8-10 days, the infection is cleared and infected WT mice recover. In an experiment, you infect groups of the following genetically modified mice: 1. Mice that are deficient in (ie do not express) C3. 2. Mice that do not produce CD8 T cells. 3. Mice that are deficient in the Fc gamma receptor (FcR) (ie the protein on phagocytes that recognizes the constant region of IgG antibodies). Based on what you know about coordinated immune responses to infection, predict the outcomes of each mutant mouse line with the infection outcome. C3-deficient mice Fcgamma receptor-deficient mice CD8 T cell-deficient mice Previous Mice die by day 5 of the infection Mice survive, but take longer to clear the infection Mice clear the infection faster than WT Mice clear the infection just like WT Mice develop an overwhelming immune response that causes collateral damage to the lung that kills the mice 17 1 point Strep throat is commonly caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. A common symptom of strep throat is the presence of swollen lymph nodes in the neck. This symptom usually peaks 2-4 days after the onset of the infection, and is due to: Damage to epithelial tissue in the throat Release of bacterial PAMPs leading to inflammatory cytokine production Activation of antigen-specific lymphocytes in the lymph nodes of the neck Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes to the lymph nodes of the neck Recruitment of additional lymph nodes to the neck

How is measles spread? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b с d Direct contact Airborne route Consumption of contaminated food/water None of the above Sit

Which of the following is NOT TRUE in regards to immune memory? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a The second time the immune system is exposed to an antigen, the response is weaker b Allows the immune system to "remember" antigens that have previously activated it U Important feature of how vaccines protect us from infectious diseases Allows the immune system to respond stronger on subsequent exposures to an infectious agent

The anti-vaccination movement is a fairly new phenomenon; it began in the 21st century and is centered around the measles vaccine. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True b False Sm

Which of the following communicable diseases requires the greatest percentage of individuals to be vaccinated in order to attain herd immunity? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Influenza b Mumps с Rubella Measles Unanswered Submit

Every state must have which type of vaccine exemption? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a b C d Medical Religious Philosophical/personal belief There is no vaccine exemption that every state has Unanswered OM

Imagine you have a family member who is expecting a baby in 3 months. This family member is undecided about whether she will get her baby vaccinated. She has heard conflicting messages, especially in her social media feeds. What information might you share with this family member about vaccines in an effort to dispel myths and provide her with factual information that she can use to make an informed decision. Your answer should be about 300 words in length.

Modern drops in immunization rates have led to an increase in several vaccine preventable diseases, such as measles and whooping cough. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. True b False Unanswered

Before the licensure and use of the childhood Hib vaccine, Hib was the main cause of what condition in American children? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a Bacterial Meningitis b с Postnatal Mental Retardation d e Death A, B, and C A and C Unanswered Subr

The immunity provided by a natural infection with COVID-19 is preferred to the immunity provided by a COVID-19 vaccine. Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a True b False Unanswered WA RA Sub