Application of plasma technology in the removal of volatile organic compounds (BTX) using manganese oxide nano-catalysts synthesized from spent batteries Need summary for this article 1- Introduction (one sentence) 2- Idea of this research (one sentence) 3- Aim of this research (one sentence) 4- Materials and methods (experiment) (few sentences) 5- Explain Table 1 (Characterization techniques used in this research). 6- Explain Fig. 2. Plasma-catalytic oxidation setup. 7- Explain Fig. 4. Effect of manganese oxide calcination temperature on BTX thermal oxidation 8- Results and discussions (few sentences) 9- Explain Fig. 5. XRD patterns of different loadings of manganese on alumina. 10- Explain Fig. 7. EDX results of different loadings of manganese on alumina. 11- Explain Fig. 11. EDX dot-mapping analysis of Mn600 Catalyst. 12- Explain Fig. 12. EDX dot-mapping analysis of Mn10Al Catalyst 13- How this product is useful and how long time for use it(one sentence) 14- is this product fix the problem (one sentence) 14- Criticism and judgment this research (one sentence) 15- Conclusions (one sentence)

1) Currently, The Combination of Non-thermal plasma and catalysis, known as plasma catalytic oxidation were used to address air pollution issues. 2) The idea of this research is to recover manganese oxide powder from spent alkaline batteries and use it as a catalyst for the oxidation of benzene, toluene, and xylene in a hybrid plasma-catalytic process. 3) The study aims to investigate the effect of calcination temperature on the properties of the powder, and how the properties of the resulting catalysts are affected by impregnating the Mn powder with alumina. 4) The process of preparing the catalysts involved breaking down the batteries and extracting the powder. This powder was then cleaned and treated with sulfuric acid, followed by heating at different temperatures and adding manganese oxide. It was then heated again before being analyzed using a variety of techniques such as FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, BET, TEM, and H2-TPR. The catalysts were then used in an experiment that examined their ability to remove pollutants known as BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylene) using a combination of heat and plasma. The test setup included both a U-shaped reactor for thermal tests and a vertical DBD reactor for plasma tests and the catalysts were shaped into pellets to prevent clogging. 5) Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique to identify chemical compounds by analyzing the absorption of infrared radiation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a technique to determine the crystal structure of a material by measuring the diffraction pattern of X-rays scattered by atoms in the crystal. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) is a technique to determine the elemental composition of a sample by measuring X-rays emitted by inner shell ionization. BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) method is used to determine the specific surface area of powders and thin films. H2-Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR) is a technique to study the reduction behavior of metal oxides and metal-metal oxide systems. TEM (transmission electron microscopy) is a technique used to image and analyze the internal structure of materials at the nanometer scale, providing high-resolution images of individual atoms. All the techniques are complementary and used for different purposes. 6) Plasma-catalytic oxidation is a technique used to remove VOCs from air or gas streams by passing them through a plasma reactor where they are exposed to high-energy plasma. This activates oxygen and water vapor to create reactive oxygen species that break down VOCs into less harmful compounds such as water vapor or CO2. The process typically includes a catalytic converter Mn-alumina, which increases the reactivity and efficiency of the plasma-catalytic oxidation. The resulting mixture of gases is analyzed using a gas chromatograph. 7) The experiment involved heating catalysts at four different temperatures (400, 500, 600, and 700 degrees celsius) and then evaluating them at a reactor temperature of 300 degrees Celsius. The results revealed that the Mn600 catalyst resulted in the highest conversion of BTX (a set of chemicals) with xylene showing the best results. This outcome was consistent with the findings from FTIR analysis, which indicated that the Mn600 catalyst had a high presence of both hydroxyl and Mn2O3 groups, which contributed to its exceptional performance in the thermal oxidation of BTX. 8) The highest BTX conversion was achieved with the Mn600 catalyst, and the study found that the crystallographic structure of the catalysts varied with manganese loading and that the amorphous structure of the alumina catalysts had a positive effect on the removal efficiency of BTX. Additionally, the study used TPR-H2 analysis and SEM imaging to investigate the reactivity of manganese catalysts in a plasma catalytic oxidation process and found that the Mn10Al catalyst had the best results. This experiment also examines the effect of operational and configuration parameters on the plasma-catalytic oxidation process, finding that the optimal flow rate is 200 ml/min and the optimal catalyst loading is 0.2 g. 9) XRD analysis showed catalysts made with varying manganese loadings on alumina (Mn05Al, Mn10Al, and Mn15Al) primarily consisted of cubic Mn2O3, as indicated by peak positions at 2θ = 33, 24, 55, and 66. The manganese oxide peaks intensified with increasing manganese loading, indicating proper synthesis. 10) The EDX analysis indicated that all of the materials (Mn, Al, O, and C) used in the synthesis of the catalysts are present on the surface of the catalysts, and the area of each material peak is proportional to the amount of the material present in the catalyst. The analysis also showed that the Mn content in the Mn10Al catalyst is 9.18 wt%, which indicates that the catalyst was synthesized accurately. Additionally, no traces of other impurities were observed in the EDX results, confirming that the spent battery powder was thoroughly cleaned. 11) The Mn600 catalyst is exposed to high-energy electrons, which causes it to emit X-Rays. The distribution of these X-Rays is then captured and mapped using imaging software to create an EDX-Map. This map shows that there is an even distribution of manganese oxide within the Mn600 catalyst. 12) The Mn10AI catalyst is exposed to high-energy electrons, which causes it to emit X-Rays. The distribution of these X-Rays is then captured and mapped using imaging software to create an EDX-Map. This map shows that there is a good interaction between the manganese and alumina within the Mn10AI catalyst. 13) This product is highly effective in decomposing harmful gases such as benzene, toluene, and Xylene. It efficiently converts Xylene into safe compounds. It can be used until its catalytic activity diminishes, and it has a shelf life of three years. 14) This equipment employs high-energy plasma and heat, which can contribute to environmental pollution. Though it captures pollutants, the operation itself has an environmental impact and the equipment is pricey to install. 14) The product fixed the problem. It helps to reduce toxic volatile gases such as benzene, xylene, and toluene. 15) Mn10Al catalyst, made from manganese oxide impregnated on alumina, achieved high BTX conversion rates using 10 kV, 0.2g of catalyst, and 200ml/min pollutant flow.

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Application of plasma technology in the removal of volatile organic compounds (BTX) using manganese oxide nano-catalysts synthesized from spent batteries Need summary for this article 1- Introduction (one sentence) 2- Idea of this research (one sentence) 3- Aim of this research (one sentence) 4- Materials and methods