ght

atomic

with as

e aver

S:

113 In,

d 115 In,

e aver-

alculate

otopes.

nu of a

al con-

e atom.

Bonding Forces and Energies whic

05 zamotan 100

2.15 Calculate the force of attraction between a Ca²+

and an O2- ion whose centers are separated by a

y many ding distance of 1.25 nm.

un Sen

taken

tance?

ements

atomic

, what

ecify?

ers for

in the

ite the

rons in

ond to

lowing

Sonod sun

ly ionic

struc-

ses?

(H)22s22p63s23p64s¹

(c)2s22p 3s²3p63d¹04s²4p64d³5s²

(02s²2p635² Th

my off

2.14 (a) What electron subshell is being filled for the

rare earth series of elements on the periodic table?

(b) What electron subshell is being filled for the

actinide series?

45-4p⁰

2.16 The atomic radii of Mg and Fions are 0.072

and 0.133 nm, respectively.

bood

(a) Calculate the force of attraction between

these two ions at their equilibrium interionic sepa-

ration (i.e., when the ions just touch one another).

plin (b) What is the force of repulsion at this same

separation distance?

BURSA

2.17 The orce of attraction between a divalent cation

and a divalent anion is 1.67 X 10-8 N. If the ionic

radius of the cation is 0.080 nm, what is the anion

Gradius?

2.18 The net potential energy between two adjacent

ions, EN, may be represented by the sum of

Equations 2.9 and 2.11; that is,

Thank you so much!

EN

(2.17)

Calculate the bonding energy E, in terms of the pa-

rameters A, B, and n using the following procedure:

No, it's not.

A B

+

"

0 5:59

ollowing

ntly ionic

on struc-

ases?

EN

=

and any

Eo between the two ions.

Calculate the bonding energy E, in terms of the pa-

rameters A, B, and n using the following procedure:

EN

of the bonding energy

(c) Mathematically determine the ro and Eo val-

ues using the solutions to Problem 2.18, and com-

pare these with the graphical results from part (b). 2.26

=

→

A B

+

r p"

2.20 Consider a hypothetical X-Yion pair for which

e the equilibrium interionic spacing and bonding en-

ergy values are 0.38 nm and -5.37 eV, respectively.

If it is known that n in Equation 2.17 has a value of 8,

using the results of Problem 2.18, determine explicit

expressions for attractive and repulsive energies EA

and ER of Equations 2.9 and 2.11.

C

2.21 The net potential energy En between two adjacent

ions is sometimes represented by the expression

r

5G

(2.17)

+

D exp(-)

(2.18)

Spr

in which r is the interionic separation and C, D, 2.1

and p are constants whose values depend on the

specific material.

(a) Derive an expression for the bonding energy

Eo in terms of the equilibrium interionic separa-

tion Yo and the constants D and p using the follow-

ing procedure:

Mixe

2.25

+

(i) Differentiate En with respect to r, and set the

resulting expression equal to zero.

Bon

2.27

+