ght atomic with as e aver S: 113 In, d 115 In, e aver- alculate otopes. nu of a al con- e atom. Bonding Forces and Energies whic 05 zamotan

100 2.15 Calculate the force of attraction between a Ca²+ and an O2- ion whose centers are separated by a y many ding distance of 1.25 nm. un Sen taken tance? ements atomic , what ecify? ers for in the ite the rons in ond to lowing Sonod sun ly ionic struc- ses? (H)22s22p63s23p64s¹ (c)2s22p 3s²3p63d¹04s²4p64d³5s² (02s²2p635² Th my off 2.14 (a) What electron subshell is being filled for the rare earth series of elements on the periodic table? (b) What electron subshell is being filled for the actinide series? 45-4p⁰ 2.16 The atomic radii of Mg and Fions are 0.072 and 0.133 nm, respectively. bood (a) Calculate the force of attraction between these two ions at their equilibrium interionic sepa- ration (i.e., when the ions just touch one another). plin (b) What is the force of repulsion at this same separation distance? BURSA 2.17 The orce of attraction between a divalent cation and a divalent anion is 1.67 X 10-8 N. If the ionic radius of the cation is 0.080 nm, what is the anion Gradius? 2.18 The net potential energy between two adjacent ions, EN, may be represented by the sum of Equations 2.9 and 2.11; that is, Thank you so much! EN (2.17) Calculate the bonding energy E, in terms of the pa- rameters A, B, and n using the following procedure: No, it's not. A B + " 0 5:59 ollowing ntly ionic on struc- ases? EN = and any Eo between the two ions. Calculate the bonding energy E, in terms of the pa- rameters A, B, and n using the following procedure: EN of the bonding energy (c) Mathematically determine the ro and Eo val- ues using the solutions to Problem 2.18, and com- pare these with the graphical results from part (b). 2.26 = → A B + r p" 2.20 Consider a hypothetical X-Yion pair for which e the equilibrium interionic spacing and bonding en- ergy values are 0.38 nm and -5.37 eV, respectively. If it is known that n in Equation 2.17 has a value of 8, using the results of Problem 2.18, determine explicit expressions for attractive and repulsive energies EA and ER of Equations 2.9 and 2.11. C 2.21 The net potential energy En between two adjacent ions is sometimes represented by the expression r 5G (2.17) + D exp(-) (2.18) Spr in which r is the interionic separation and C, D, 2.1 and p are constants whose values depend on the specific material. (a) Derive an expression for the bonding energy Eo in terms of the equilibrium interionic separa- tion Yo and the constants D and p using the follow- ing procedure: Mixe 2.25 + (i) Differentiate En with respect to r, and set the resulting expression equal to zero. Bon 2.27 +