Smokeless tobacco products, or "vapes", have been

1. List at least three things that your body strives to keep constant. (9 points) Think about what aspects of your body overall, of one body organ, or of your blood stay nearly unchanged all the time.

2. Describe one way in which each of the items you listed in Part 1 could be at least temporarily disrupted from equilibrium. Can you think of a way your body could respond to restore homeostasis after one of these disruptions? (3 points) Think about things that stress the body or do not supply the body's needs properly.

Respond to the following statements and questions, using the included case study, in your discussion submission. Case Study: George is a thirty five year old hardware clerk. During his routine physical he casually mentions to his physician that he seems to be sweating more profusely than normal and most rooms that once were comfortable are now too "hot". At home a room that his wife and children find to be comfortable causes him to sweat profusely. George also reports that he seems to be losing weight even though his appetite has increased. He also complains that he has a shortened attention span and that he always wants to be moving around. Despite the fact that he feels fatigued, George claims to have difficulty sleeping and seems to have more frequent bowel movements, occasionally accompanied by diarrhea. The physician discovers George has lost 15 pounds since his last physical. In checking his chart, the physician finds that George has a negative history for chronic illnesses, does not smoke, and has a low risk for cardiovascular disease. He does however have a positive family history for autoimmune diseases. His father suffers from idiopathic thrombocytopenia, his mother has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and his oldest sister was recently diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus. Results of George's physical examination were within normal ranges with the exception of the following: he demonstrated tachycardia, loud heart sounds, and apparent cardiac arrhythmias accompanied by slight hypertension. These arrhythmias were confirmed by electrocardiogram to be supraventricular in origin. George's eyeballs appeared large and protruding and his hair was fine and soft. He was also beginning to demonstrate some degree of alopecia. George was also observed to have palmar erythema. palpation of the neck revealed the presence of goiter. Results of blood tests indicated elevated concentrations of thyroid hormones (thyroxin and triiodothyronine), hypercalcemia, and decreased circulating concentrations of lipids. Based on the physical characteristics and the results of the blood tests, George's physician suspected that George was suffering from some form of hyperthyroidism and sent him to an endocrinologist to confirm the initial diagnosis. Following the initial consultation and examination, the endocrinologist ordered tests to determine whether George was indeed hyperthyroid. The test results indicated an elevation in the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood and the presence of thyroid-stimulating antibodies. These antibodies specifically stimulate the thyroid gland by binding with the thyroid stimulating hormone receptor located on the plasma membrane of the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. Based on these results, the endocrinologist concluded that George had Grave's disease, a form of hyperthyroidism believed to be autoimmune in nature. George was presented with a number of possible treatment options. These included treatment with chemicals (propylthiouracil and methimazole) that decrease the production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland, radioisotopic destruction of the thyroid gland by the use of 131I, and surgical removal of the thyroid gland. After considering all the options, especially the possible effects of radiation on gamete development, George chose surgery. Following successful surgery, George was prescribed synthetic thyroid hormone to ensure that his body was receiving adequate thyroid hormone and told to return within 2 months for a follow-up evaluation of circulating thyroid hormone concentrations. He was also cautioned to carefully monitor his calcium intake.

Read chapter 3 Musculoskeletal Conditions. Answer study guide questions but not for submission yet. .Posture Assignment 1) Read chapter 3 "Musculoskeletal Conditions and Disorders" Answer and submit the study questions at the end of the chapter. 2) Be sure to view the video's in the "Course Material" section on posture PRIOR to doing your assignment. 3) Do a Posture analysis on a person. Have the subject dress in shorts and a tight fitted sport top. ( no baggy shirts). Take 3 clear photo's with the subject in front of a door or non busy background. Facing Forward (Palms Forward), Facing Sideway's. Facing Backwards. Analyze the posture (5 pts) and prescribe 3 exercisers (5 pts) that can be done at home to correct any deviations or done to maintain good posture.. Write the program in grid form. Submit the photo's, observations and program on Blackboard.

Read chapter 3 Musculoskeletal Conditions. Answer study guide questions but not for submission yet. .Posture Assignment 1) Read chapter 3 "Musculoskeletal Conditions and Disorders" Answer and submit the study questions at the end of the chapter. 2) Be sure to view the video's in the "Course Material" section on posture PRIOR to doing your assignment. 3) Do a Posture analysis on a person. Have the subject dress in shorts and a tight fitted sport top. ( no baggy shirts). Take 3 clear photo's with the subject in front of a door or non busy background. Facing Forward (Palms Forward), Facing Sideway's. Facing Backwards. Analyze the posture (5 pts) and prescribe 3 exercisers (5 pts) that can be done at home to correct any deviations or done to maintain good posture.. Write the program in grid form. Submit the photo's, observations and program on Blackboard.

1 The afferent division of the nervous system includes all but which one of the following? Select one or more: -Receptors -Sensory Pathways -Motor neurons -Sensory Neurons 2. Which of the following is a general sense? Select one or more: - Equilibrium - Gustation - Olfaction - Proprioception 3. Which of the following statements concerning receptors is true? Select one or more: - Sensation is produced by the receptor while - perception occurs in the CNS - Adaptation never occurs in phasic receptors 4. Proprioceptors fall under what general category of receptor type? Select one or more: - Mechanoreceptor - Chemoreceptor - Thermoreceptor - Nociceptor 5. For each receptor there is a given area that inside of which if a stimulus lands the receptor will register it. What is that area called? Select one or more: - Monitoring area - Receptive area - Monitoring field - Receptive field 6. In the sensory pathways of the body which neuron starts in the thalamus and end in the appropriate cortex (ex primary sensory cortex)? Select one or more: - Second order - Fourth order - Third order - First order 7. Which of the following sensations would I lose if the posterior column pathway (somatic sensory) was cut? Select one or more: - Temperature - Crude touch - Localized fine touch - Pain 8. Which of the following sensations would I lose if the anterior portion of anterolateral pathway (somatic sensory) was cut? Select one or more: - Localized fine touch - Pain - Temperature - Crude touch" 9. Visceral sensory pathways receive information from what type of receptors? Select one or more: - Visceroceptors - Exteroceptors - Proprioceptors - Interceptors 10. Which of the following is correct? Select one or more: a. The coricobulbular tract is found in the medial pathway b. The lateral pathway is involved in the subconscious control over gross movements of the trunk c. The corticospinal pathway begins at the pyramidal cells of the motor cortex d. The medial pathway is involved with the control of distal limb muscles 11. The basal nuclei is involved in the subconscious coordination of contractions just like what other brain structure? Select one or more: 0 a. Thalamus 0 b. Cerebellum O c. Limbic System 0 d. Medulla Oblongata 12. In the Motor Humunuclus, which would have the largest area? Select one or more: a. hand. b. back. c. leg. d. neck 13. We can distinguish between sensations that originate in different areas of the body because Select one or more: O a. the sensory neurons in different parts of the body are different from each other. O b. sensory neurons from each body region synapse in specific locals of the appropriate cortex. O c. sensory neurons carry only one type of information. O d. different types of sensory receptors produce different types of action potentials. 14. Which of the following is an example of a Lateral Pathway? Select one: O a. Tectospinal Tract O b. Rubrospinal Tract O c. Reticulospinal Tract O d. Vestibulospinal Tract 15. In the Sensory Humunuclus, which would have the largest area? Select one or more: a. neck b. leg. c. hand. d. back.

4. How do the conclusions compare with the wider literature? Contextualise the key findings which you have selected with similar findings in the wider literature. Indeed, what is the general consensus of the field? Do other studies support or contradict these specific findings? If contradictory, consider are there any obvious differences between this study and other studies in the field which may account for possible differences. Show data if appropriate to illustrate your points.

List the components of the urinary tract from the renal pelvis outward. Why would water facilitate the passage of kidney stones? Why would water aid in the prevention of developing future kidney stones? List the three stages in the formation of urine and describe each stage with regard to the structures involved and the direction substance transport. The glomerular filtrate concentration of calcium (Ca+2) is about 4 mEq/L. The concentration of calcium in the urine is about 5 mEq/L. How would you explain this difference?

4. Describe in general a process desert plants might need to carry out in order to maintain homeostasis. (4 points) All plants need water; think about how plants in an area without much water might be able to live.

1. What is the range recommended for your heart rate during exercise? (Remember- you want to be exercising with a heart rate of 50%-75% of your max for results). Show your calculations below.