Create a list of the patient's drug therapy problems and prioritize them.Include assessment of medication appropriateness, effectiveness, safety, andpatient adherence.

3 (after a day in water) (after a day in corn syrup) Put each egg in a container labeled Egg 1 or Egg 2. Pour in enough vinegar to cover the egg. Cover the container. Do you see bubbles forming around the egg? These are bubbles of CO2 which result from the chemical reaction between the acetic acid in the vinegar and the calcium carbonate in the eggshell. This reaction will dissolve most of the eggshell by day 2. Day 2 ➤ Observe your eggs. Notice that most of the shell has been dissolved by the acetic acid in the vinegar. The shell membrane around the egg is fairly strong. However, the egg without its shell is fragile, so you will need to handle your eggs very gently and carefully! Rinse each egg and measure the weight or circumference of each egg. Record your results for day 2 in the above table. 1a. Did the eggs become heavier/larger or lighter/smaller 1b. What do you think happened to cause the change in the eggs' weight/size? ➤ Empty the vinegar from the container for egg 1 and rinse the container. Put egg 1 back in the container and add water to cover the egg. ➤ Empty the vinegar from the container for egg 2 and rinse the container. Put egg 2 back in the container and add corn syrup to cover the egg. Day 3 2. Compare and contrast the appearance of the egg that has been in water vs. the egg that has been in corn syrup. 3. You may be able to see a layer of water on top of the corn syrup. Where do you think this water came from? Rinse the corn syrup off of egg 2. Measure and record the weight and/or circumference of the egg for day 3 in the table on page 1. 4. Why did the egg placed in water get heavier and bigger? Where do you think the additional weight/volume came from?

Your report should include the following sections: Title page with project title, team number, names of team members; on its own page Report summary (maximum of 300 words); on its own page Introduction and background Practice setting, personnel, and technology Medication error identification Safety Event Analysis o Clearly state any assumptions you make. Prevention strategies References

Write a one paragraph response explaining the four different perspectives below on human cloning. Introduce the authors’ full names (titles aren’t necessary for this paragraph, but they would be for an essay) to indicate each of their different opinions. Consider the most strategic way of how to organize/structure your paragraph to show connections and contrasts between each of the source’s arguments Use transitions carefully, as they will show how you relate the articles to each other. Perspective 1: Patricia Baird, “Should Human Cloning be Permitted?” “...In conclusion, using nuclear-transfer cloning to allow people to have a child introduces a different way of reproduction for our species. Once we breach this barrier, it leaves us with no place to stop. Given all the problems outlined, the reasons for permitting cloning to produce a person are insufficiently compelling. Even in the few circumstances where the case for human cloning seems justified, there are alternative solutions. We are at an appropriate stopping place on a slippery slope. Not all reasons why a person might wish to copy his or her cells are unethical, but given there are other options open to people wishing to form a family, concerns about individual and social harms from cloning are strong enough that it is not justified to permit it.” Perspective 2: Chris MacDonald, “Yes, Human Cloning Should be Permitted.” “The fact that a portion of society—even a majority—finds an activity distasteful is insufficient grounds for passing a law forbidding it....human cloning for reproductive purposes has legitimate, morally acceptable applications—for example for infertile couples, and for gay couples.” Perspective 3: Jacob M. Appel, “Should We Really Fear Reproductive Human Cloning?” “In an ideal world, human reproductive cloning would be safe, legal and rare. I say rare because my guess is that the vast majority of people, myself included, would have little desire to raise cloned offspring. After all, it is now possible to clone pet dogs--but few of us would choose to spend a spare $150,000 on such a venture. Yet thirty-eight years after James Watson's seminal essay, "Moving Toward the Clonal Man" called for increased public debate on this promising and perplexing subject, I don't believe that we should be so quick to greet cloning technology with a permanent injunction. Instead, what human reproductive cloning requires at the moment is a yellow light, telling us to proceed with extreme caution, until we know with confidence whether the technology can ever be used to produce healthy babies.” Perspective 4: Leon Kass, “The Wisdom of Repugnance” “We are repelled by the prospect of cloning human beings not because of the strangeness or novelty of the undertaking, but because we intuit and feel, immediately and without argument, the violation of things that we rightfully hold dear. Repugnance, here as elsewhere, revolts against the excesses of human wilfulness, warning us not to transgress what is unspeakably profound. Indeed, in this age in which everything is held to be permissible so long as it is freely done, in which our given human nature no longer commands respect, in which our bodies are regarded as mere instruments of our autonomous rational wills, repugnance may be the only voice left that speaks up to defend the central core of our humanity.”

5. What do you think happened to cause the change in weight/size of the egg placed in corn syrup? 6a. Recall that each egg is surrounded by a shell membrane. Based on your observations, which of the following do you think can cross this membrane? a. both water and the proteins in the egg white b. water, but not the proteins in the egg white c. the proteins in the egg white, but not water d. neither water nor the proteins in the egg white 6b. What evidence supports your conclusion? 7. The shell membrane that surrounds the egg is a selectively permeable membrane. Explain why "selectively permeable" is a good way to describe this membrane.

3. Explain whether you expect clozapine Cmax to change following the initiation of smoking cessation and whether there would be any consequences of smoking cessation on the patient's safety and efficacy of this drug. What effect would nicotine replacement therapy have on clozapine metabolism?

1. Identify main metabolic enzymes involved in elimination of clozapine. a) Tabulate median clozapine maximal plasma concentrations (Cmax), area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and clearance (Dose/AUC) in non-smokers vs. heavy smokers (>20 cigarettes/day). Assess percent change in these parameters in smoker vs. non-smoker patients. Explain reasons for potential differences in parameters between smokers and non-smokers. b) Comment whether you would recommend a change in clozapine dose in heavy smokers and why.

e. f. g. Do the results support your hypothesis? Explain. At which temperature was the rate of osmosis greatest? What can you conclude about the effects of temperature on the rate of osmosis? Answer in terms of molecular energy.

4. Identify another drug example where pharmacokinetics of a drug differs between smokers and non- smokers. List either clearance, AUC or t1/2 for that drug in smokers vs. non-smokers, explain reasons for these differences and include relevant reference. Comment on any therapeutic implications/ clinical action for that drug example for i) the patient starting smoking and for ii) the patient stopping smoking.

HANDS-ON ACTIVITY#1: 1. Get 2 transparent glasses (same size) 2. Put the same volume of water in both of them. In one of the glasses put cold water and in the other glass put hot water. 3. Place the 2 glasses side by side and let the water sit for a few seconds. 4. Put a drop of food dye in each of the glasses. Use your cell phone to take a picture of this hands-on activity. You will need to submit this picture and your photo ID to DB 2. Answer the following questions: Why does 1 drop of the dye stain the entire volume of water? Does the staining of the entire volume of water happen faster/slower/or at the same speed in the hot water compared to the cold water? Why? HANDS-ON ACTIVITY#2: This experiment will take you 3 days to complete. Perform the experiment and answer questions 1 to 7 in this hand-out. Use your cell phone to take pictures of this hands-on activity. You will need to submit these pictures and your photo ID to DB 2. An unfertilized chicken egg contains a large cell surrounded by egg white, a shell membrane, and an egg shell. You will investigate how the size of an egg changes when the eggshell is removed and the egg is placed in different types of liquid. ➤ Get 2 eggs. To begin, record the weight or circumference of each egg in the day 1 row in the table. (Measure the circumference around the widest part, not lengthwise.) Day 1 2 Egg 1 Egg 2 Weight (grams) (or circumference (cm)) Weight (grams) (or circumference (cm)) (with shell) (with shell) (after a day in vinegar most of shell removed) (after a day in vinegar: most of shell removed)