Any company that wants to survive in today's business climate must be willing to embrace change. Many businesses must undergo transformations to stay ahead of the competition, adapt to new market conditions, or boost employee productivity (Alvesson and Sveningsson, 2015). Organizational people, systems, and ethos can all be altered by change. The leaders of a company or other group can have a significant impact on the company's performance and culture since they establish the company's overall structure, goals, and methods of reaching those goals. Understanding the motivations for the change and the effects that the change may have on the organization's people, procedures, and culture is crucial for providing sound advice on the necessary modifications (Armenakis, Harris and Mossholder, 1993). The need for change is something that many businesses must face in order to stay ahead of the competition, adapt to new situations, or simply raise productivity levels. It's possible a company's leadership has decided to make certain adjustments because of one of several potential benefits. Adapting may be necessary for some businesses to keep their current level of success. If others wish to remain competitive, they may need to adapt to the market. Even yet, it's possible that some adjustments are necessary for some people to reach their full potential at work. Change can have an effect on an organization's employees, its procedures, and its culture, regardless of the motivation behind the shift (Armenakis and Bedeian, 1999).
The company's core values help to maintain its position consistently. The corporate culture or organisational culture is the shared set of values, norms, and practises that shape the daily interactions and work product of all workers (Nordby, 2021). Culture within the company encourages employees to collaborate and share ideas. In order to stay ahead of the competition, the corporation relies on innovation (Aghion et al., 2001). The organisational culture fosters employee proficiency in responding to customer demands and industry competition. To keep innovation and creativity alive, organization makes concerted efforts to strengthen its corporate culture (Srivastava, Franklin and Martinette, 2013). However, Individuals in an organisation may be resistant to change on a personal level, groups within an organisation may be opposed to change because it will affect their work, and the organisation as a whole may be resistant to change since it is content with the status quo. Individuals, groups, and establishments can be resistive to alteration for various reasons. Apprehension about the unknown, reluctance to put in the effort required, and a belief that the change will fail are three of the most prevalent reasons people give for resisting change (Gill, 2002). Fear of the unknown is a further justification for resist changes (Folger and Skarlicki, 1999). Too often, companies fail to adequately communicate the nature of the changes they are making, leaving their employees in the dark. This causes employees to worry about where they stand within the company. Another motive for returning to alternate is a lack of religion in top-level company officials. If workers have doubts about the company's leadership's ability to implement necessary changes or whether or not they have a vested interest in seeing those changes implemented, morale and productivity will suffer. When attempting to overcome resistance to change, it is useful to first identify the root causes of such resistance. Involving individuals in the transition process from the start is one method to reduce opposition to the change. As a result, people are more likely to accept the change and consider themselves to have contributed to the process. Methods of change management, including as information dissemination, education, and training, can also be useful in reducing opposition to transformation (Cameron, Esther; Green, 2009). To sum up, it's critical to assess an organization's culture and think about potential points of resistance to change. Organizations can successfully execute change by first identifying the causes of resistance to it.
Leaders play a critical part in making sure that transitions within the organisation are managed effectively. After all, leaders are the ones who should be making big decisions and ensuring that everyone is on board with the necessary changes (Conger, 1989). Leaders can do a variety of things to ensure the greatest chance of a smooth rollout and the least amount of opposition. To begin, they must guarantee they have a well-defined strategy for the transition. Leaders often rush into making changes without adequately preparing their teams, which can result in resistance and misunderstanding. Leaders also need to keep the lines of communication open with their teams while they work through the transition. Workers have a right to know what this transition means for them and why it is occurring. They will naturally fight the change if they believe they are indeed being kept in the dark. Last but not least, leaders must be ready to face the difficulties that often come throughout transitions. Some unexpected difficulties and setbacks are to be expected. The most important thing is to keep cool while also encouraging your team to do the same. They must be able to inform and convince their staff of this. If workers have no idea why a change is being implemented or think it will hurt them personally, they are more inclined to fight it. Supportive and exemplary leadership is essential from those in positions of authority during times of transition (Heifetz and Laurie, 2009). They must communicate the expectations for the transition to workers and give them with the tools and training they need to succeed. Employees may struggle with and be fearful of change, therefore leaders should be sympathetic and understanding. They should pay attention to employees' worries and try to solve them as soon as possible. Leaders must also be able to shift their strategies and tactics to accommodate new circumstances (Tracey et al., 1994). They need to be flexible because things don't always go as planned. To keep their teams motivated and on track, leaders should regularly praise their progress. Leaders' chances of effectively executing a change within their organisation can be improved by adhering to these criteria.
The executives of the organization have a significant impact on how well the company adapts to change. Employees' feelings and reactions to the shift will be influenced by the leader's approach to the situation. It is more difficult to get employees to accept a change if their superiors aren't on board with it. Employees are more likely to accept the change and cooperate with leaders if they see that the leaders are on board with it and are able to demonstrate emotional intelligence (Fox, 2013). Leaders should keep their staffs informed as much as possible during the transition. The message should be direct and to the point, outlining the rationale behind the shift and outlining how it will benefit the business. Leaders should also address employees' inquiries and worries. Leaders will gain credibility with their teams by demonstrating an interest in their input and a willingness to collaborate on implementing the proposed changes. One further crucial role for leaders to do is to serve as role models for their teams. A lack of leadership's own willingness to adapt will have a chilling effect on employee motivation. Those in positions of authority over their subordinates should be the first to alter their ways to demonstrate their sincerity in bringing about the necessary transformation. This will increase the likelihood of a positive response to the change and strengthen relationships between management and staff. Change can be successfully implemented when there is a combination of a strong leadership style and high emotional intelligence (Cooper, 1997). Success of a change initiative is diminished if top management is not on board and doesn't keep workers in the loop about the transition. However, if the leaders are encouraging and have emotional savvy, the transition will be smoother. An individual leader's approach to change management and their level of emotional intelligence are two factors that can have a major impact on the success of the transformation (Cooper, 1997). A leader's communication and interaction styles can either help or hurt the transition to new procedures. Those who try to force change on their employees without consulting them or listening to their concerns are more likely to encounter opposition. Conversely, employees are more likely to be responsive to change when their leader is transparent and open in communication, actively seeks employee feedback, and has the ability to sympathise with them (Shalley and Gilson, 2004). Emotionally savvy leaders have a higher chance of successfully implementing change. This is because they have a firm grasp on and command of their own emotional experiences and those of those around them. They are able to foster a supportive environment for change by appealing to employees' emotions (Zhou and George, 2003). In conclusion, a leader's approach and emotional quotient can have a substantial bearing on the success of a transformation (Dabke, 2016). Employees are more likely to be responsive to change when their leaders are honest and open in their communication, actively seek feedback from staff, and demonstrate empathy. Leaders who can effectively manage their own emotions are also better equipped to lead the charge in bringing about needed change (Dabke, 2016).
References
Aghion, P. et al. (2001) ‘Competition, imitation and growth with step-by-step innovation’, Review of Economic Studies, 68(3), pp. 467-492. doi:10.1111/1467-937X.00177.
Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S. (2015) Changing organizational culture: Cultural change work in progress, second edition, Changing Organizational Culture: Cultural Change Work in Progress, Second Edition. doi:10.4324/9781315688404.
Armenakis, A.A. and Bedeian, A.G. (1999) ‘Organizational change: A review of theory and research in the 1990s’, Journal of Management, 25(3), pp. 293-315. doi:10.1177/014920639902500303.
Armenakis, A.A., Harris, S.G. and Mossholder, K.W. (1993) ‘Creating Readiness for Organizational Change’, Human Relations, 46(6), pp. 681-703. doi:10.1177/001872679304600601.
Cameron, Esther; Green, M. (2009) Making Sense of Common Sense for Change Management A complete guide to the models, tools & techniques of organizational change, Management Decision.
Conger, J.A. (1989) ‘Leadership: The Art of Empowering Others’, Academy of Management Perspectives, 3(1), pp. 17-24. doi:10.5465/ame.1989.4277145.
Cooper, R.K. (1997) ‘Applying emotional intelligence in the workplace’, Training and Development, 51(12), pp. 31-39.
Dabke, D. (2016) ‘Impact of Leader’s Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Behavior on Perceived Leadership Effectiveness: A Multiple Source View’, Business Perspectives and Research, 4(1), pp. 27-40. doi:10.1177/2278533715605433.
Folger, R. and Skarlicki, D.P. (1999) ‘Unfairness and resistance to change: Hardship as mistreatment’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12(1). doi:10.1108/09534819910255306.
Fox, M. (2013) ‘Putting Emotional Intelligence to Work’, Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(9). doi:10.1016/j.jand.2013.07.022.
Gill, R. (2002) ‘Change management--or change leadership?’, Journal of Change Management, 3(4), pp. 307-318. doi:10.1080/714023845.
Heifetz, R.A. and Laurie, D.L. (2009) ‘The work of leadership’, IEEE Engineering Management Review, 37(3), pp. 124-134. doi:10.1109/EMR.2009.5235495.
Nordby, H. (2021) ‘Communication and Organizational Culture’, in A Closer Look at Organizational Culture in Action: IntechOpen, pp.95-110. doi:10.5772/intechopen.92318.
Shalley, C.E. and Gilson, L.L. (2004) ‘What leaders need to know: A review of social and contextual factors that can foster or hinder creativity’, Leadership Quarterly, 15(1), pp. 33-53. doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2003.12.004.
Srivastava, M., Franklin, A. and Martinette, L. (2013) ‘Building a sustainable competitive advantage’, Journal of Technology Management and Innovation, 8(2), pp. 47-60. doi:10.4067/s0718-27242013000200004.
Tracey, J.B. (1994) ‘The Challenge of Organizational Change: How Companies Experience It and Leaders Guide It.’, Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 47(4), pp. 724-725. doi:10.2307/2524683.
Zhou, J. and George, J.M. (2003) ‘Awakening employee creativity: The role of leader emotional intelligence’, Leadership Quarterly, 14(4–5), pp. 545-568. doi:10.1016/S1048-9843(03)00051-1.
End of module project.
Assignment Question
It is said that the only constant in life is change and this is true for many organisations too, be that change to maintain competitive advantage, respond to the competition or to improve performance within the workplace. Regardless of the reason for change, change can impact on people, processes and the culture of an organisation.
An organisation's leader(s) can exert influence on how an organisation operates and how effective it is because they determine the structure of an organisation, its objectives and how they are to be achieved. This also has an impact on organisational culture.
Using your own organisation or an organisation with which you are familiar, identify a change that has happened or needs to happen.
You are a management consultant that has been brought in to assist with the changes that will be needed. With reference to appropriate theory and giving justification for your answers you are tasked to:
1. Advise briefly the change and why it is necessary
2. Analyse the culture of the organisation and consider where and why there might be resistance to the change
3. Identify how leaders need to approach the change to minimise resistance and maximise successful implementation
4. Advise how leadership style and emotional intelligence can impact on the effectiveness of implementing change.
Your response should be in the form of a written report of between 1,500 - 2,000 words.
The learning outcomes for this assignment are:
• Analyse and distinguish among leadership approaches to managing change
• Critically evaluate the impact of change on people, processes, products and organisational culture
Leaders and managers sole objective is to ensure organisational effectiveness and your reading will consider how effectiveness can be determined and performance managed.
Required Reading
For this unit you should read the following from Mullins, L.J. (2020) Organisational Behaviour in the Workplace. 12th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited.
• Chapter 15 - Organisation Culture and Change