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Ansys Autodyn for the structural analysis has a connection to the challenging engineering issues that the manufacturing unit faces. You can ask our specialists for assistance if you need help with a complicated problem relating to this subject. The program would speed up the process of helping engineers develop better structures.
Ansys mechanical is a program designed specifically for mechanical engineers and is used extensively by them. The engineers would be able to simulate cutting-edge materials, complex environmental loadings, and industry-specific requirements in areas like composite materials and hydrodynamics. We work on this subject and assist students in getting excellent test scores.
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Q1: For the above gas turbine (question 1), it has been decided that for efficiency improvement some changes are required. You have been given task of helping the organization, as a consultant. Can you recommend practical changes that can lead to efficiency improvement? One of the researchers at UA's Mechanical Engineering Department, came-up with an idea of integrating above gas turbine with a steam powered cycle, so that end combination would be combined power plant cycle. It was also recommended to use a simple ideal Rankine cycle operating between the pressure limits of 6MPa and 6kPa,for ease of calculations. Steam is heated in a heat exchanger by the exhaust gases toa temperature of 550 degrees C. The exhaust gases leave the heat exchanger at 400K. Use appropriate assumed values, where required. Gas/Steam tables available with you could be used in these questions. Being a consultant, you have been asked to evaluate this approach Can you give details of efficiency improvements by taking above approach? Also give details of numerical method used to calculate improved efficiency? See Answer
Q2: c) Does a linear regression model seem appropriate for these data? Briefly justify in two sentences or less.See Answer
Q3: e) Give the least squares regression line for the model in (d).See Answer
Q4: Consider the following hypothetical scenario. A car company would like to use a Bayesian Network model to better predict whether a certain customer will buy a specific car, so they can focus their efforts on developing certain car models. Specifically, they want to label pairs of customers and car models according to whether they belong to the target class 'buys'. The manufacturer has selected eight attributes, each taking values from {yes, no}, namely Basic features of the car: - '5-star safety rating': whether the car model has been awarded with the highest safety rating (5-stars in this case) - 'side-airbags':whether the car model includes side airbags ʻlarge engine capacity': whether the car has a capacity of at least 2 litres 'expensive' whether the car is expensive Characteristics of the client: 'young': whether the client is young • 'rich': whether the client is rich 'family':whether the client is a family • 'interested': whether the client is interested in the carSee Answer
Q5: For the hypothesis class H defined by the following family of subsets of the real line: [r,r+ 1] U [r + 2, 0), with r e R Determine the VC-dimension of H. Justify your answer, by giving a proof (in maxi-mum 1 page).See Answer
Q6: H=\bigcup_{i=1}^{k} H_{i} Consider two alternative approaches: 1. Learn on the sample using the ERM rule. 2. Divide that sample into a training set of size (1 – a)m, and a validation set of size amfor some a e (0,1). Then apply the approach of model selection using validation, i.e.: • First, train each class H¡ on the (1 – a)m training examples using the ERM rulew.r.t. H; and let h1,..,h be all the resulting hypotheses. • Second, apply the ERM rule w.r.t. to the finite class {h1,..,hg} on the am vali-dation examples. Under which conditions is the second approach better? Justify your answerformally (using maximum 2 pages). Let H1, … · ,Hk be hypothesis classes such that H1 C H2 C … c Hk and |H1 = 2', for every i E {1,..,k}. Suppose you are given a sample of size m (with each element chosen i.id.), and you want to learn the union of all these classes, that is you would like to learn the hypothesis classSee Answer
Q7: The bracket in blue is welded to a support. A force of 10 kN is applied through bearing force on the lower half of the circle (distributed load on the lower half of the circle with a resultant of 10kN). The thickness of the bracket is 50 mm. ANSYS Workbench requirements: 1. Solve the problem :as a 3-dimensional problem using 3D solid element. 2. Solve the problem as a 2-dimensional problem using plane stress element. 3. Compare the results. 4. Verify the model and results. 1. There is no need to draw the support when solving the problem). 2. You may ignore the fillet during the 2D modelling of the problem. 3. Submit a report along with discussions (together with photos of your work). 4. Create a cover page on your own.See Answer
Q8:The steps to conducting CFD simulations in ANSYS CFX are a. Import geometry (static.x_t-available in week 8 ilearn page) b. Construct a suitable mesh c. Set up the CFD model that requires the following steps: Setup General: Select solver as a steady state solution • • Models: Turn on energy equations and select viscous model (laminar or turbulence) • Add material properties i.e. water • Assign the boundary conditions, including two inlets and one outlet with the correct boundary conditions according to your student ID. Solution • Methods: Conduct the simulation using the correct flow regime (laminar/turbulent flow) • Solution: Set the relaxation factors and/or residuals (convergence criteria). • Initialisation: Initialise domain - flow field can be initialized with 0 m/s velocity • Report files and Report definitions: identify parameters, values, and plots that are required to be reposted. • Run calculation: Set-up time step, the maximum number of iterations per time step, number of time steps, and reposting intervals. The total physical time is given in each section. d. Conduct another simulation with a refined mesh. e. Conduct a validation study (suggestion: analytical solution to compare your numerical result) f. Check if the solution converges and physical models are correctly selected. g. Visualise and analyse the results.See Answer
Q9:Your task is to investigate whether the tumor may be safely detected by testing using electromagnetic waves. You may assume that: (i) (ii) the tumor has grown to a thickness of between 5 mm and 12 mm. You have been granted permission to carry out low power (in vitro) laboratory tests in the frequency band between 1 GHz and 12 GHz in a shielded room. The power limit is 1 W throughout the allowed frequency band. (iii) VSWR, return loss (S11) and input impedance (real and imaginary part) can all be automatically measured and that detection of the tumor will be based on those measurements. Include in your report: (a) Your opinion on how electromagnetic waves in the above frequency range may best assist in safely detecting malignant tumors with the characteristics described above. (b) Simulation results specifically chosen to support your opinion in (a) above. (c) Statements that logically align your opinion in (a) above with the simulation results you provide in (b). [You will be penalised if you provide simulation results with no corresponding statements that align them with your opinion in (a)]. (d) Additional simulations that you would do, to confirm your opinion in (a) above, if the limitations imposed by the student version of HFSS were to be removed.See Answer
Q10:Section 3 Refer to Table 1 and figure 2 of: N.H.Ramil, H Othman, D.K. Hamzah, " Design of a CPW Fed Implantable Antenna at frequency 2.4 GHz for Wireless Implantable Body Area Network", 2020 IOP Conf Ser: Material Science and Engineering. (a) Use the Ansys HFSS software to investigate the performance of the proposed antenna in free space. Report any significant difference(s) between your results and those published in the paper. Your focus should be on the reflection coefficient. (Your response, which is to be limited to 5 sentences, should be supported by results from your simulation) (b) Use the Ansys HFSS software to investigate the performance of the proposed antenna when implanted in the human body. Include in your model a reasonably sized biological phantom. Compare your findings with those of part(a). Your focus should be on the reflection coefficient. (Your response, which is to be limited to 5 sentences, should be supported by results from your simulation and relevant information from the above paper) (c) In your opinion, what is the main reason for the discrepancies you identified in part (a). How would you use Ansys HFSS to support your opinion. (Your response should be limited to 5 sentences plus possibly a diagram or table. You do not have to perform any simulation for this part.)See Answer
Q11:Submits to ilearn Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a branch of Fluid Dynamics which is used for numerical engineering to solve and analyse problems in which fluid flows are involved. A static mixer is a device widely used in various industries to blend and homogenize fluid streams. It consists of stationary blades or elements within a pipe, creating a tortuous path for the fluids to mix thoroughly. This mixing process is crucial in applications such as chemical processing, food production, and water treatment, where achieving a consistent blend of different components is essential. In this assignment, water enters both pipes simultaneously but at different temperatures. The first entry has a speed of 2 m/s and a temperature of 3XY K (student ID dependent), while the second entry has a speed of 2 m/s and a temperature of 285 K. The objective of this assignment is to gain proficiency in using CFX to determine the speed and temperature of the water as it exits the static mixer. Additionally, you are tasked with implementing mesh refinement techniques and exploring discretisation schemes that may impact the solution. 2 m/s 3XY K r=2m 0 Pa 2 m/s 285 K Figure 1: Static Mixer with 2 Inlet Pipes and I Outlet Pipe XY is the last two digits of your student ID. For example, if your student ID is 41234567, then temperature at the specified inlet is 3XY=367 K. There is a 50% deduction if these parameters do not match your student ID number./nTo determine if the flow is in the laminar or turbulence regime, Reynold number can be evaluated based on the inlet velocity: Re = pvD/μ where p is the density, μ is the viscosity of the water and D is the diameter. The steps to conducting CFD simulations in ANSYS CFX are a. Import geometry (static.x_t-available in week 8 ilearn page) b. Construct a suitable mesh c. Set up the CFD model that requires the following steps: Setup General: Select solver as a steady state solution • • Models: Turn on energy equations and select viscous model (laminar or turbulence) (1) • Add material properties i.e. water • Assign the boundary conditions, including two inlets and one outlet with the correct boundary conditions according to your student ID. Solution • Methods: Conduct the simulation using the correct flow regime (laminar/turbulent flow) • Solution: Set the relaxation factors and/or residuals (convergence criteria). • Initialisation: Initialise domain-flow field can be initialized with 0 m/s velocity Report files and Report definitions: identify parameters, values, and plots that are required to be reposted. Run calculation: Set-up time step, the maximum number of iterations per time step, number of time steps, and reposting intervals. The total physical time is given in each section. d. Conduct another simulation with a refined mesh. e. Conduct a validation study (suggestion: analytical solution to compare your numerical result) f. Check if the solution converges and physical models are correctly selected. g. Visualise and analyse the results. A professional report in conference proceeding format should be prepared using the provided template (refer to MECH3004_assignment2_template.docx) and address the following within your report. The page limit for this report is 10 pages. The choice to adopt the conference proceeding format is strategic, aiming at effective communication of your findings. This format not only facilitates a structured presentation of your research but also ensures that your work reaches a broader audience. The dissemination of information through conference proceedings allows for knowledge exchange and engagement with peers, experts, and professionals in the field./nYour professional report can be structured with the following headings: 1. Problem Description & Introduction (5%) Introduction with references. 2. Governing equations, boundary conditions and assumption (20%) Report on the boundary conditions. Are your boundaries placed at the correct location? Any simplification approach you use for this problem and is it valid? Use figure to report. 3. Validation (5%) Discuss how you have validated. How valid are they? 4. General results (30%) Discuss some of the flow features you have found in your analysis. Discuss the mixing and the temperature distribution. Consider using streamline plot, velocity vector, velocity contour, temperature contour, velocity and temperature profiles at different locations. 5. Mesh Refinement & Result (20%) Obtain solutions on a refined grid size. Discuss the features of your grids, why you have designed them this way, and how the grid refinement affects the solution. Suggest whether you have reached grid convergence. It is recommended to use somewhere between 100,000 to 500,000 cells, for a reasonable accuracy but still able to solve in a reasonable time. 6. Discretization Schemes & Convergence (15%) Obtain solutions using two different discretization schemes. Explain the scheme and the relative advantages / disadvantages. Are the results as you expect? Which scheme do you recommend for this problem? What convergence level do you suggest for your problem? Why? 7. Conclusion & Reference (5%) Summarise your analysis. Include your references.See Answer
Q12:Part I - Theoretical Calculations Theoretical calculations or back-of-the-envelope calculations are very important to do before running a finite element analysis. They give us a sense of what to expect out of the analysis and how to set it up, i.e., how to choose an appropriate model, how to apply loads & boundary conditions, and how to interpret the results of the simulation. (i) Consider a cross section at (a) the fixed support, and (b) at 100 mm from the fixed support. Draw the free body diagrams for these isolations and show the internal resultant loads on these sections (using the sign convention discussed in class). Calculate the bending stress and transverse shear stress distribution on these 2 cross sections. Also calculate the deflection of the free end of the beam using beam theory from your mechanics class (you do not need to derive anything; you may use the relevant equations from the appendix of the Mechanics of Materials textbook by Hibbeler)./nPart II - 3D Solid Model (iii) Model the structure in 3D - you can create the cross section on the YZ plane and extrude it in the positive X direction for the appropriate length. This will ensure that the coordinate system is oriented in the same way that we consider in examples solved in class. (iv) Fix the back face of the beam using a fixed support. Recognize that this leads to a stress singularity at the corners of the back face of the beam. Explain why this stress singularity is seen and how you can deal with it using Saint Venant's principle. (v) Apply the loading to the cantilever beam in ANSYS. Mesh the model with a mesh element size of 50 mm. Determine the maximum deflection of the beam and the maximum normal and shear stress magnitudes at the fixed support. Compare these with the results of Part I above. What do you observe? Then mesh the model with a mesh element size of 35 mm, 25 mm, 12.5 mm, and 6.25 mm (let's call these iterations 2, 3, 4, and 5). Plot the maximum normal and shear stress magnitudes vs. the iteration number for the different values of the mesh element size - this is called a convergence analysis. What do you observe? Explain why you see this behavior. (vi) Insert a surface at the cross section (along the YZ plane) at a distance of 100 mm from the fixed support. Show figures of the variation of the bending stress and shear stress along this surface. (vii) Repeat the analysis above looking at the stress magnitudes at the cross section 100 mm from the fixed support. What do you observe? Explain this behavior. (viii) Determine the effect of the depth-to-span ratio of the beam on the ratio of the maximum transverse shear to the maximum bending stresses. Do this by varying the length of the beam - choose lengths of 1 m, 0.75 m, 0.5 m, 0.375 m, 0.25 m, and 0.125 m. Use the smallest mesh size (6.25 mm) to ensure convergence of the solution. Repeat the analysis/nPart III - 2D Plane Stress Model (ix) Model the structure as a 2D plane stress model by sketching a rectangle of dimensions 1m x 100 mm on the X-Y plane. Use the "Surfaces from Sketches" tool to create a surface body and set its thickness to 50 mm. (x) Repeat the analysis of (v) to (vii) from Part II above using the 2D plane stress model. Note that to repeat part (vi), you will need to create a path/line instead of a surface at 100 mm from the support for the 2D model. Compare results and comment on which model is more accurate (calculate a percentage difference of numerical results), as well as which is more efficient (compare the size of the model - i.e., the number of nodes and elements in the model).See Answer
Q13:Individual Assignment Procedure and discussion points: 1. Create the computational geometry in DesignModeler/ Solidwroks/any CAD software with the mentioned dimensions. 2. Build an appropriate mesh for the model and perform a grid refinement study. 3. Run the simulation for different flow condition (At least two different inlet condition. More than 2 are encouraged). 4. Using the converged grid, check the iterative convergence. 5. Draw the Velocity contour at different selected planes of your model and discuss your results. 6. Draw the pressure contour at different selected planes of your model and discuss your results. 7. Plot the temperature profile along a selected line from inlet to outlet and discuss. 8. Draw the wall shear stress and discuss. 9. Draw the turbulence intensity contour for different flow rates and discuss (If applicable) 10. Plot the axial velocity profile at any selected position of your model and discuss. 11. Draw the Velocity vectors at different selected planes of your model and discuss your results. 12. Calculate the drag and lift coefficient and discuss (if applicable). 13. Calculate the deposition efficiency deposition fraction and discuss (if applicable). 14. Draw the particle trajectories for different flow rates and discuss (if applicable). 15. Calculate the heat transfer coefficients (if applicable). 16. Calculate the Nusselt number from the following correlation and discuss (if applicable); Nitp=0.023 Re Pr 17. Connect your results with the existing literature. Submission: A written report is to be submitted including a short introduction and conclusion (one page long for each). The report should contain a discussion of the points bolded above with evidence to support the discussion together with relevant figures such as figures illustrating the mesh or element distribution, plots of the velocity profiles, contour plots, etc.See Answer
Q14: EG-M83 Assignment 1 EG-M83 - Assessed Coursework 1: Mesh Sensitivity Study This coursework assesses the following AHEP learning outcomes: MEng Semester 2, 2024 MSc • • Ability to apply quantitative and computational methods, using alternative approaches and understanding their limitations, in order to solve engineering problems and implement appropriate action (EA3m) A comprehensive knowledge and understanding of mathematical and computational models relevant to the engineering discipline, and an appreciation of their limitations (SM5m) • Ability both to apply appropriate engineering analysis methods for solving complex problems in engineering and to assess their limitations (EA6m) 1 Problem description The model geometry consists of a heated copper block inside an air filled duct. The dimensions of the geometry are shown in Figure 1. The copper block is heated by a 2.5 W heat source. 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.10 Figure 1 Dimensions of model geometry There are two mechanisms for cooling the system. 1. Heat conduction, where the base and surfaces in the X-Y planes are insulated and the temperature on the remaining outside surfaces of the geometry is fixed at 293 K - see Figure 2. 2. Heat convection, where the copper block is cooled by air flowing over the block - see Figure 3. The air enters the duct through the inlet at a speed of 0.05 m/s and at a temperature of 293 K. The remaining external boundaries are considered to be insulated. A manufacturer wants to know the maximum temperatures that will be reached by the system for the heat conduction case and the heat convection case. 1 EG-M83 293 K 293 K Air Insulated base Assignment 1 Semester 2, 2024 293 K 293 K Figure 2 Schematic of heat conduction problem Copper block inlet 293 K Insulated Air u=0.05 m/s v=0 m/s 293 K outlet p=0 y Copper block ✗ Insulated base, u=v=0 Figure 3 Schematic of heat convection problem 2 Coursework description In this coursework do not generate any meshes with more than 50,000 elements. This is to ensure a sensible computation time. This coursework consists of the following steps: 1. Use ANSYS Fluent to carry out a mesh sensitivity study for the heat conduction case to determine the maximum temperature that will be reached in the system. In this study you should generate 5 meshes using the sweep method. The maximum number of elements in any mesh should be 50,000 or less. This is to ensure a sensible computation time. The report on this phase of work should include: a. The governing equation being solved. b. Details of each of the meshes generated in the study. This should include: i. An image of each mesh. ii. The total number of elements in each mesh. iii. Some information about the strategy you are following when refining the meshes. C. Information about the settings you have imposed to ensure convergence for each simulation. Provide evidence to show that convergence has been achieved. Screenshots can be used here. 2 EG-M83 Assignment 1 Semester 2, 2024 d. A summary of the key results from your simulations and consideration of mesh independence. This should include i. A table or graph comparing the maximum temperatures obtained on each mesh. ii. Any relevant results plots iii. Some discussion and analysis about the maximum temperature in the system iv. Consideration of whether it is possible to obtain mesh independent results for this system within the 50,000 element mesh limits imposed here. Make recommendations for the meshing strategy that should be followed for future heat conduction simulations for this geometry based on your analysis. (44 marks out of 100) 2. Using only the meshes developed for the heat conduction case, carry out a mesh sensitivity study for the heat convection case to determine the maximum temperature that will be reached in the system. The report on this phase of work should include: a. The governing equations being solved. b. Information about the settings you have imposed to ensure convergence for each simulation. Provide evidence to show that convergence has been achieved. Screenshots can be used here. C. A summary of the key results from your simulations. This should include: i. A table or graph comparing the maximum temperatures obtained on each mesh. ii. A table or graph comparing the maximum velocities obtained on each mesh. iii. Any other relevant results plots to illustrate your discussion. iv. Some discussion and analysis about the maximum temperature in the system, including some consideration about how this is influenced by the air flow as the mesh is refined. v. Consideration of whether it is possible to obtain mesh independent results for this system within the 50,000 element mesh limits imposed here. Make recommendations for the meshing strategy that should be followed for future heat convection simulations for this geometry based on your analysis. (38 marks out of 100) 3. Use the finest mesh you have generated, change the base boundary condition type from wall to symmetry. What effect, if any, does this have on the solution for the heat conduction and heat convection cases? Give an explanation for your observations. (10 marks out of 100) Marks will be awarded for report layout/quality. The report should be no longer than 15 pages. From experience, the length of a typical report for this coursework will be between 10 and 15 pages depending on the size and quantity of images included. 3 (8 marks out of 100) EG-M83 Assignment 1 Semester 2, 2024 3 Assignment submission instructions Submit the written report through the Assignment 1 submission point on Canvas. Include a copy of the Coursework Cover Sheet form (this will not be included in the page count). Technical assistance with the software tools will be available in the PC labs and module office hours. 4 Marking scheme A breakdown of the marking scheme is shown below: Criteria % Q1: Conduction (44%) Full definition of governing equations Mesh details (images, strategy, 4 number of elements) 14 10 Convergence discussion/evidence Key results/plots, discussion and analysis Meshing recommendations or strategy to ensure independence 11 5 Q2: Convection (38%) Full definition of governing equations Convergence discussion/evidence 5 10 Air flow discussion Key results/plots and analysis Meshing recommendations or strategy 13 5 to ensure independence 5 Q3: Base boundary conditions (10%) Report quality (8%) Total Results 5 Discussion 5 Presentation, structure, captions, labelling, units 8 100 4See Answer
Q15:ASSIGNMENT SPECIFICATION PART 1: Analysis of a simple plate A flat steel plate measuring 0.8 m x 1.2 m, is proposed as a possible design solution for a structure which is required to withstand a uniform pressure of 90 kN/m². It is not impossible that the proposed design does not work! The steel for the plate has E = 207 GPa, v = 0.3, σy = 525 MPa and p = 7.85 kg.I¹. The thickness of the plate is taken as 5 mm. The plate is supported at all edges, see Figure 1. Design criteria Figure 1: Plate subjected to uniform pressure The central deflection of the plate is a key design requirement and must be determined. The stress level in any part of the plate must also be determined in order to check for plastic failure (whether it exceeds the yield stress, σy.)./nAnalysis Using Ansys perform a finite element (FE) analysis to determine (a) The deflection at the centre of the plate. (b) The stress at the centre of the plate. (c) The maximum stress in the plate, if different from (b). There are different ways to model the structure, e.g. all shell elements, all solids, but make sure you justify your decisions. Some models are inherently less suited to this geometry than others, and will be marked less generously. You will also have to decide on the mesh density you use, and justify the type and quality of elements. It is also likely that the software applies certain approximations by default. You are advised to check these and comment. It is also possible that you want to apply simplifications to the model. This is fine, often desirable in many cases, but please justify your decisions. Reporting The following outputs must be included in your report: (a) A detailed discussion of the model, choice of element types used and quality, your determination of a suitable mesh density, various approximations (by default, or chosen), etc. .... You are advised to consider a robust but sensible convergence study. (b) A deformed contour plot from the FE analyses showing displacement contours (to show maximum central plate deflection). (c) A deformed contour plot from the FE analyses showing stress contours (to show maximum plate stress). The two contour plots should be usable and readable. Simple raw screen shots are unlikely to obtain the full marks. Pay attention to the readability of the legend, the size of the plot, and to superfluous features. If you are unsure of what a deformed contour plot is, check with the module leader!See Answer
Q16:ANALYSIS TYPE ANSWER SHEET FOR PROBLEM 2 Answer ELEMENTS USED IDEALIZATION AND MODELING ASSUMPTIONS GEOMETRIC MODEL CONVERGENCE CHECK # OF ELEMENTS (Converged Model) # OF NODES (Converged Model) Loading & Boundary Conditions Material modeling Write separately Sketch separately showing dimensions. Circle your answer: YES NO Result: Maximum deflection Value: mm Location (coordinate): Result: Maximum Von Mises stress Value: MPa Comment on your results: Do you I think the structure is safe or not? If it is not safe, provide, what is the suggested solution. Attachments Location (coordinate): Write separately ☐ Final converged finite element mesh. ☐ Deflection distribution Von Mises stress distribution/n150 50 Problem #2: (Computer problem) A 6 mm thick metal part supports a uniformly distributed load of 24 N/mm at one end as shown in the figure. The material of the part is made of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy (E = 70 GPa, v = 0.3) with a yield strength of 255 MPa. Determine if the part is safe from yielding under current conditions. You need to answer completely as asked in the Answer sheet provided on the next page. 50 $58 All dimensions are in mm 240 120 110 Make sure the date, time, and data are visible clearly in your plots/results 24 N/mm 55 55 30 35 35 70 70See Answer
Q17: CFD Coursework 2023 Your report shall be submitted in pdf format (the ANSYS Fluent files shall also be uploaded as a single zip file read the guide for the simulations submission - please do NOT zip the pdf report and the ANSYS Fluent files into a single .zip file). Reports containing more than 14-pages (excluding the cover page, table of contents, references, appendix) will be penalized. The report shall be prepared using the dedicated template (which also includes the cover sheet and the initial table where the student shall indicate which questions have been addressed). According to the University of Strathclyde regulations, all files will be scanned using Turnitin to detect plagiarism issues. Submissions of the coursework without the simulation files will result in a 60% penalisation. The Ansys files will be checked to verify that their contents reflect what has been reported in the coursework and verify that the associated license number is that released by the University of Strathclyde (files prepared with other licenses are not allowed). The report shall be submitted no later than 12 noon Monday, March 25, 2024. After this time submissions will be penalised. The maximum submission size is 500MB. Submissions by email will not be considered. CFD Coursework 2023 Your report shall be submitted in pdf format (the ANSYS Fluent files shall also be uploaded as a single zip file read the guide for the simulations submission - please do NOT zip the pdf report and the ANSYS Fluent files into a single .zip file). Reports containing more than 14-pages (excluding the cover page, table of contents, references, appendix) will be penalized. The report shall be prepared using the dedicated template (which also includes the cover sheet and the initial table where the student shall indicate which questions have been addressed). According to the University of Strathclyde regulations, all files will be scanned using Turnitin to detect plagia Somissions of the coursework we simulation les will result in a 60% penalisation. The Ansys files will be checked to verify that their contents reflect what has been reported in the coursework and verify that the associated license number is that released by the University of Strathclyde (files prepared with other licenses are not allowed). The report shale Submitted no 120on Monday, March 25, 2024. After this time submissions will be penalised. The maximum submission size is 500MB. Submissions by email will not be considered./n/n DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Coursework- Smoke Stack Chimney System with Trickle Vents Computer Aided Engineering and Design(16429) Contents 1. Introduction 2. Geometry Size and Fluid Properties ………….. 25 3. Simulation Set-up.... 6 4. Analysis and final report........ 6 5. Notes/FAQ - other cues and suggestions to make your coursework successful 9 6. References .. 10 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Smoke Stack Chimney System with Trickle Vents 1. Introduction Chimney or smokestack configurations are widespread in the artificial environment. They are a typical feature of modern society's fluid waste disposal methods as witnessed by the various visible gaseous emissions into the atmosphere from domestic and industrial smokestacks (McGrattan et al. [1]) and from cooling towers or mobile exhausts. Other 'non-visible' examples are represented by the releases of liquid into coastal water, rivers and lakes from a variety of (industrial, municipal and agricultural) sources, mining and oil extraction operations (Jirka [2]; Tomàs et al. [3]), chemical reactors and various plants for waste treatment and desalination facilities (Oliver et al. [4]). Many other variants can be found in the specific field of energy production, where such configurations are a characteristic feature of thermal discharges from nuclear and fossil-fueled electricity generation plants (Martineau et al. [5]; Lee and Asce [6]; Fregni et al. [7]). They can also exist at a smaller scale in typical problems relating to the cooling of computer mother boards and related CPUs and memories (Sun and Jaluria [8]; Biswas et al. [9]) or in combustion chambers as a result of the presence of holes or orifices for fuel injection and dilution (Issac and Jakubowski [10]; Baltasar et al. [11]). Similar concepts also apply to the manufacturing industry, where gas furnaces are commonly used for the heat treatment of metals (Viskanta [12]). In the built (civil engineering) environment, such configurations are widespread in emergency ventilation and air conditioning systems in buildings (Venkatasubbaiah and Jaluria [13]; Subudhi et al. [14]; Morsli et al. [15,16]; Harish [17]) and can be found, in general, in every technological situation in which a heat exchanger is required. Given the diversity and rich spectrum of circumstances in which such configurations can be encountered and the myriad technological applications briefly reviewed above, generalizations are rather difficult. Many situations are possible in principle depending on the specific case considered. However, all these cases share a common factor, namely, the existence of localized regions where the temperature is higher than that of the surroundings (typically the area located at the bottom of the considered chimney or smokestack configuration). This typically leads to the onset of "thermal convection" [18, 19] (heated fluid tends to become lighter and therefore it rises through the chimney). Two fundamental situations are possible in principle: Fluid rises in the chimney only due to thermal convection (completely "natural" phenomenon), or a fixed mass flow rate is forced through the chimney (this leading to "mixed" natural-forced convection through the chimney). Here, we will concentrate on mixed natural- forced convection. The considered configuration can be seen in Figure 1. This geometry has a symmetry plane. It consists of a region (called “heat chamber”) delimited externally by walls with a constant (high) temperature and an upper region of larger horizontal extension (the chimney) delimited externally by adiabatic (no heat exchange) solid walls. The symmetry axis is indicated with a dot-dashed line. The distance of the walls from the symmetry axis for the heat chamber and the chimney is denoted by b and B, respectively (with B > b). Due to the heating effect of the walls, the fluid inside the heat chamber expands (its density reduces) and therefore it becomes “lighter”. The lighter hot fluid tends to rise in the heat chamber and enter the chimney region. As the velocity of these naturally-induced currents is in general relatively small, this flow can 2 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING be considered incompressible and the Boussinesq approximation can be used. Due to the fluid rising through the heat chamber and the chimney, new colder fluid (having temperature Tc) tends to be sucked into the heat chamber through the inlet region located at the bottom of the heat chamber. However, the velocity of the rising currents can be enhanced by injecting some air directly into the chimney as shown in Fig. 1 (forced flow aiding natural flow). Moreover, the temperature of the air injected directly into the chimney can be modulated in order to reduce the overall temperature of air released into the external atmosphere (e.g., by injecting air at a temperature smaller than the ambient temperature Tc). Cold Fluid Injection (Uforced Tforced) B Outlet Hot element Chimney Thot Heat chamber Inlet T 60 air Figure 1 Schematisation of the Heat Chamber (channel)-Chimney system. The vector ğ is the gravity acceleration The characteristic numbers for natural (buoyant) and imposed (forced) flows are the Rayleigh and Reynolds numbers, respectively, i.e.: 3 DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING Ra = gB+ATL³ να U forced L Re = V where L is a reference length. It is worth recalling that for an incompressible flow, the amount of fluid entering the system per unit time is always equal to the amount of fluid leaving the system per unit time, (i.e. at any instant an amount of relatively hot fluid leaves the system through the outlet section at the top, which is equal to the amount of cold fluid entering the system from the bottom plus the fluid injected from the side). As shown in Fig.1, in general, the proper numerical simulation of this problem requires that the numerical domain (the overall mesh) is not limited to the heat chamber and the chimney, it must also include two extra areas corresponding to a certain portion of the external environment (located under the heat chamber and over the chimney, respectively). Table 1 Fluid properties for the Boussinesq model Property Assigned Value Fluid Air Density Model Boussinesq Density (p) Specific Heat (Cp) Model Specific Heat (Cp) Thermal Conductivity Model Thermal Conductivity( λ) Viscosity Model 1.225 Kg/m³ Constant 1006 J/KgK constant 0.0242 W/mK constant Viscosity (μ) 1.7894x10-5 Kg/ms Thermal Expansion Coeff. Model Thermal Expansion Coeff.(BT) Kinematic viscosity (v) constant 0.0033 K-1 1.46x10-5 m²/s Thermal diffusivity( a) 1.96x10-5 m²/s + DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL & AEROSPACE ENGINEERING 2. Geometry Size and Fluid Properties 210 15 25 5 70 40 40 15 09 60 60 08 X 25 40 40 50 30 70 Figure 2 Dimensions of the Heat Chamber-Chimney System (lengths are measured in millimetres, they shall be multiplied by 10-3 in order to have the corresponding ones in meters) 5See Answer
Q18:/n Higher National Graded Unit Specification General Information for Centres This Graded Unit has been validated as part of the HNC/HND Mechanical Engineering. Centres are required to develop the assessment instrument in accordance with this validated specification. Centres wishing to use another type of Graded Unit or assessment instrument are required to submit proposals detailing the justification for change for validation. Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 Graded Unit Title: Graded Unit Code: DV12 35 Type of Graded Unit: Project Assessment Instrument: Practical Assignment Credit points and level: level 8*) 2 HN Credits at SCQF level 8: (16 SCQF credit points at SCQF *SCQF credit points are used to allocate credit to qualifications in the Scottish Credit and Qualifications Framework (SCQF). Each qualification in the Framework is allocated a number of SCQF credit points at an SCQF level. There are 12 SCQF levels, ranging from National 1 to Doctorates. Purpose: This Graded Unit is designed to provide evidence that the candidate has achieved the following principal aims of the HNC/HND awards in Mechanical Engineering: develop the candidate's ability to apply analysis and synthesis skills to the solution of mechanical engineering problems develop the candidate's learning and transferable skills (including Core Skills) develop the candidate's knowledge and skills in planning, scheduling and project management develop the candidate's investigation skills develop a range of Communication knowledge and skills relevant to the needs of mechanical incorporated engineers develop knowledge, understanding and skills in a range of core principles and technologies by undertaking Units in engineering drawing, quality systems, engineering principles, materials selection, statics and strength of materials, dynamics, thermofluids and pneumatics and hydraulics expand on the range of knowledge, understanding and skills in the core HNC Mechanical Principles and Technology section by undertaking Units in Information Technology Applications Software, Engineering Skills, Plant Systems, Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics, Applied Industrial Plant Maintenance, Strength of Materials Advanced and Mathematics allow for further specialisation within the following subject areas: CNC, CAD, Design for Manufacture, Control Systems, Mathematics, Single Phase AC Circuits, Analogue and Digital Electronics, PLC, Industrial Systems, Process and Equipment Selection, Metal and Plastic Component Manufacture, Robotics, Project Management and HVAC Design and Practice. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 1 General Information for Centres (cont) Recommended Prior Knowledge and Skills: It is recommended that the candidate should have completed or be in the process of completing the following Units relating to the above specific aims prior to undertaking this Graded Unit: Communication: Practical Skills Information Technology: Applications Software 1 Business Awareness and Continuing Professional Development Engineering Drawing Quality Management: An Introduction Engineering Principles Mathematics for Engineering 1: Mechanical and Manufacturing Mathematics for Engineering 2 Materials Selection Statics and Strength of Materials Dynamics Thermofluids Pneumatics and Hydraulics Engineering Skills Plant Systems Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Strength of Materials: Advanced Applied Industrial Plant Maintenance The nature of the project activity detailed in this Specification is such that it is likely that centres will wish their candidates to embark on it from the start of the second year of the HND Mechanical Engineering programme. As it is anticipated that centres will deliver the HNC Mechanical Engineering as part of the first year of the HND, it is recommended that candidates have completed all HNC Mechanical Engineering Units before commencing this project. In principle, the project can draw on any Units in the HND Mechanical Engineering Framework although the majority of the Units should be at SCQF level 8. The project can be taken from one Mechanical Engineering area (eg Plant Systems) or it can span more than one technical area. However, its principal purpose is not to integrate technical content (this is covered in Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 1) but rather to combine such knowledge and skills as planning, scheduling, construction, testing, evaluating and reporting. Core Skills: The achievement of this Unit gives automatic certification of the following: Problem Solving at SCQF level 6 Assessment: This Graded Unit will be assessed by the use of a practical assignment (Mechanical Engineering Project). HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 2 General Information for Centres (cont) In developing this specification it was decided that candidates must do a clearly identifiable individual project. However, this does not preclude individual projects being part of a larger group project. Candidates' contribution to a larger group project has the advantage of creating opportunities for the development of the Core Skill, Working with Others. The "fleshed-out” practical assignment should provide the candidate with the opportunity to produce evidence that demonstrates she/he has met the aims of the graded unit that it covers. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 3 Administrative Information Graded Unit Code: Graded Unit Title: Original date of publication: DV12 35 Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 August 2006 Version: 03 (August 2018) History of Changes: Version Description of change Date Amendment to Core Skills statement on Page 2. 02 31/08/06 Document amended to comply with Disability Discrimination Act. 03 Update of Conditions of Assessment 02/08/18 Source: SQA © Scottish Qualifications Authority 2006, 2018 This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part for educational purposes provided that no profit is derived from reproduction and that, if reproduced in part, the source is acknowledged. FURTHER INFORMATION: Call SQA's Customer Contact Centre on 44 (0) 141 500 5030 or 0345 279 1000. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 Higher National Graded Unit Specification: Instructions for designing the assessment task and assessing candidates Graded Unit Title: Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 Conditions of Assessment The candidate should be given a date for completion of the Mechanical Engineering Project. However, the instructions for the assessment task should be distributed to allow the candidate sufficient time to assimilate the details and carry out the assessment task. During the time between the distribution of the assessment task instructions and the completion date, assessors may answer questions, provide clarification, guidance and reasonable assistance. Reasonable assistance is the term used by SQA to describe the difference between providing candidates with some direction to generate the required evidence for assessment and providing too much support, which would compromise the integrity of the assessment. Reasonable assistance is part of all learning and teaching processes. In relation to the assessment of Higher National Project-based Graded Units, assessors may provide advice, clarification, and guidance during the time between the distribution of the project instructions and the completion date, ie at each stage of the project. At this level, candidates should work independently. It is up to centres to take reasonable steps to ensure that the project is the work of the candidate. For example, centres may wish to informally question candidates at various stages on their knowledge and understanding of the project on which they have embarked. Centres should ensure that where research etc. is carried out in other establishments or under the supervision of others that the candidate does not receive undue assistance. Remediation allows an assessor to clarify candidate responses, either by requiring a written amendment or by oral questioning, where there is a minor shortfall or omission in evidence requirements. In either case, such instances must be formally noted by the assessor, either in writing or by recording, and be made available to the internal and external verifier. In relation to Higher National Project-based Graded Units, candidates must be given the opportunity for remediation at each stage of the project. The evidence for a Higher National Project-based Graded Unit is generated over time and involves three distinct stages, each of which has to be achieved before the next is undertaken. This means that any re-assessment of stages must be undertaken before proceeding to the next stage. The overall grade is derived from the total number of marks across all sections, and should reflect the ability of the candidate to work autonomously and the amount of support required. In relation to Higher National Project-based Graded Units, candidates who have failed any stage of the project and have been unable to provide the necessary evidence through remediation must be given the opportunity for re-assessment of that stage. Any candidate who has failed their graded unit or wishes to upgrade their award must be given a re-assessment opportunity, or in exceptional circumstances, two re-assessment opportunities. In the case of project-based graded units, this must be done using a substantially different project. The final grading given must reflect the quality of the candidate's evidence at the time of the completion of the graded unit. Candidates must be awarded the highest grade achieved ― whether through first submission or through any re-assessment, remediation, and/or reasonable assistance provided. HN Graded Unit (DV12 35): Mechanical Engineering: Graded Unit 2 5/n NOTE: I simply chose the roof rack for the Toyota 4Runner. The project can range from comparing different materials to price. Material properties, design of the roof rack, then load analysis under load, while driving, etc. There are a lot of things that can be included in this project. That's what I would put completely on you. Force the car while driving. From the front side, when side wind. NEED TO GIVE CONSTANTS UPDATE TO THE STUDENT (1 every week) Student already started the work and is attached as well. Feel free to use it or completely change it. Project must include some technical drawings and some analysis as well. Report page limit 50-80See Answer
Q19:2.) Determine the stresses in the plate with the round hole subjected to the tensile stress shown 5 mm. Determine the maximum principal stress. Use below. Let E-210 GPa, v=0.25 and t = a commercial finite element code to solve this problem. You must submit a discussion of how you set up the problem, the input deck, and a full set of results. Remember that you will have to refine the mesh to get a converged solution. 1 kN/m² ²| O 25-mm radius 500 mm 500 mm - 1 kN/m² 13339591e2884b968cf37527cd7fa2fd_170864128See Answer
Q20: TMA 02 This module requires all assignments to be submitted electronically. To submit an assignment, please follow the link(s) from your StudentHome page to the online TMA/EMA service. There are restrictions on the size and format of any files you submit for TMA 02 via the online TMA/EMA service. The maximum file size permitted for TMA 02 is 10 MB. Guidance on reducing the size of images is available on the Resources page of the module website. You can only submit .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx or .rtf documents, or zipped files containing only .doc, .docx, .xls, .xlsx or .rtf documents. If you foresee any difficulty with submitting your assignment on time, you should contact your tutor well in advance of the cut-off date. For further information about policy, procedure and general submission of assignments please refer to the Assessment Policies, which can also be accessed via your StudentHome page. Note also the University's policy on plagiarism in the Assessment Policies. TMA advice This assignment covers Blocks 1 and 2. It consists of just one question or activity comprising 100% of the marks available for this assignment. Read through the question and all the accompanying notes, particularly the Further guidance on your TMA section, before starting work. Make sure you read the question carefully. Look for key words that will clarify how you are to approach the answer. For this assignment a report is required of the form expected for an engineering analysis project - more detailed guidance as to the contents is given in the question instructions below. Other general advice is available in Skills for OU Study: Assignments. It is important to recognise the TMA as more than just part of the means by which the University awards your module grade. It is a vital part of your learning process, which is why you receive feedback on it. You should contact your tutor in advance to discuss any aspect of the TMA about which you are unsure, and then again after you receive your script back, if there is any aspect of the marking that you would like to follow up. Question 1 This question carries 100% of the marks for this assignment. A simplified three-dimensional approximation of an aluminium bicycle frame and schematic dimensions are given in Figure 1. Your objectives are to model the frame and conduct analyses to investigate its strength and stiffness under two given load conditions, and write an engineering style report on your analysis and interpretation of the results. This report is actually the TMA that will be marked. 420 7 14 LIO 50 LII www L9 1.2 SEAT PEDAL CRANK 17 60 Figure 1. A simplified three-dimensional bicycle frame Table 1 Material Type Material Property. Young's Modulus (E) Poisson's Ratio Density Yield Stress Outer Diameter Thickness Aluminium Al (6061-T6) Value 75 GPa 0.30 2725 kg m-3 276 MPa 26 mm 2 mm From the geometric information given in Figure 1 and the material data in Table 1, construct the base ANSYS model. The joints labelled 1, 2, 3 etc. are effectively the key points KP1, KP2, KP3 etc. for establishing the geometry of the frame with reference to the X,Y,Z axis set. Some of the coordinate values you'll have to work out from the dimensions. The frame tube members or link lengths are labelled L1, L2, L3 etc. When constructing the model, use SI units and adhere to the key-point and line numbering scheme given in Figure 1. Initially, the cross-sectional dimensions to be used for the hollow aluminium tube are those given in Table 1. For meshing the model, use an appropriate PIPE element, e.g. PIPE288 elements. Although the bike is under dynamic loads, we consider only two static cases in this analysis: Load Case 1: Vertical Bending Test Load case 1 is a 760 N vertically oriented down load (-Y) at the seat position (KP3) and a total vertically oriented down load (-Y) of 500 N split equally at the pedal crank positions (KP7 and KP8). To account for some of the dynamic effects in this static analysis, multiply all the loads by a factor of 2. Use a ball-joint boundary condition for the front dropout (KP1) and a sliding boundary condition for the rear dropouts (KP5 and KP6). You should carefully consider how these conditions are modelled as constraints in displacement and/or rotation in each boundary. Load Case 2: Horizontal Impact Test Load case 2 is a horizontal (+X) load of 700 N applied to the front dropout (KP1). The rear dropouts (KP5 and KP6) are fully restrained in all translations. Multiply load by a factor of 2. Required outputs from the analysis The outputs required for these two load cases are: ● ● Maximum von Mises (SEQV) stress Maximum x-displacement Maximum y-displacement Plots of the von Mises and axial stresses Bending moment and shear force diagrams. Some of this data may be extracted directly in ANSYS. Other items may need to be obtained using element table data. To do this, you should read about the element of your choice in the ANSYS manual, in particular, input and output options. An example of an element table extraction for axial stresses at angle 0 from the PIPE288 element is as follows: ETABLE,AXIIO, SMISC,31 ETABLE, AXIJO, SMISC, 36 PLLS,AXII0, AXIJO AXII0 and AXIJO are names you assign to the required data SMISC 31 and 36 are the required data items for the I and J nodes, respectively PLLS displays element table data as contoured areas along elements. Your report should be written so that a person reasonably familiar with FEA (but not necessarily with ANSYS) will understand it. Further analysis When you are happy that your model is producing sensible results, use it to do some design and optimisation. Do this by carrying out further analysis runs to try different design options using your engineering judgement and your ANSYS model. Use Load Case 1 for this activity and suggest or try modifications to your model to make the design more efficient in terms of the loads and stresses carried by the members - i.e. are some of them overloaded or could they even be reduced in size? Keep the overall design the same as regards the number and layout of the members but create new models with different diameters and thicknesses as you think fit. Based on your initial analysis, which structural members look like they may be too large or too small, with respect to their outer diameter? Modify these and compare the effects on resulting stresses. For design limits and choices assume that the outer diameter can be changed in steps of 1.0 mm, leave the thickness at 2 mm and do not allow any displacement (Ux, Uy, U₂) greater than 0.8 mm. The TMA report Your TMA should be an engineering type report on your analysis and investigations. Ten pages should suffice to include a verification section, explicit statements of all assumptions, log or input files (in an appendix), and a compare and contrast (discussion) section. Your report should also include some displacement values at key points, especially the highest ones and plots from the relevant element tables including: axial stress shear force and bending moment diagrams equivalent (von Mises) stress. Further guidance on your TMA The following table gives guidance on what you need to think about and include in your TMA, and the breakdown of the marks for the various aspects of the analysis: Aspect Loading conditions Boundary conditions Assumptions Elements Results Verification Guidance Ensure that the loads have been applied correctly to take provisional account of dynamic factors as suggested. Think about what the loading conditions might represent in reality. Can these be considered as worst cases? We are looking for appropriate choice and applications and any comments on what the boundary conditions might represent. Assumptions could include discussion of the load conditions in a bit more depth. Are there any other loads that might need to be included, separately or together in your opinion, in designing a bike frame like this? Have you made any assumptions in modelling the structural joints in the frame? The choice of elements is given, but are they appropriate and would you try any other types if you were given a free hand? In particular, advantages and disadvantages of using shells or solids instead of pipes. Note that there are two lots of results required; the initial main results being the maximum von Mises stress values, maximum x and y displacements. Also required are direct stresses, shear force and bending moment diagrams. What are the results and what do they mean in relation to the applied loads? What about long-term effects such as fatigue life etc.? We'd expect to see some verification calculations and checks, for example ballpark types of calculations on member loads and stresses. Marks 5 5 10 10 20 20/nSee Answer

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